The Theory Of Corporate Social Responsibility

The Theory Of Corporate Social Responsibility
Historical background of the development of CSR is almost as important as the ongoing discussion
on what CSR is and how and where it should operate. Many scholars argue that these are not
interchangeable and need to be assessed in conjunction with each other. For purposes of this paper it
is pivotal to look into the past to see what stood behind the broadening of companies' accountability
beyond the standard agency theory (limited liability of shareholders for the company's violations or
breach and the company's main accountability being towards its shareholders and investors only) to
the stakeholder theory (company's accountability towards a broad range of stakeholders, including
employees, environment and local communities). The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This at the time was widely opposed by proponents of corporate isolation as a highly irrelevant
research topic that went in no parallel or connection with the idea of a corporate veil, charter
accountability and the sole purpose of any company to bring profits to its shareholders. This reverts
us back to the development of a stakeholder theory that gradually gained its speed in the 1970s . It
soon found its implementation in Freeman's management discipline , who promoted the expansion
of firms' accountability towards a broader range of stakeholders. One of the examples of how
attitude towards CSR by multinational corporations has changed was raised by Lee, when he
reviewed corporate governance codes and practices of Ford . He used two instances in the history of
corporate actions of Ford with an interval of 80 years in between them. Keeping in mind the
abovementioned Clark's remarks on corporate accountability back in 1916, this becomes even more
educational, as it shows a dramatic change in shareholders' perception of their business as a service
to the broader society. There, in 1919 Ford was faced with a lawsuit, as a result of which it agreed to
grant Dodge brothers their request to receive maximum dividends . The respective court decision
was an indirect ridicule of Henry
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Do Corporations need regulations? Essay
?gI hope we shall crush in its birth the aristocracy of our moneyed corporations which dare already
to challenge our government to a trial of strength and bid defiance to the laws of our country.?h
Thomas Jefferson, 3rd US president 1801–1809
During the eighteenth century, corporations had fewer powers that we do now. They did not have
limited liability. They were chartered for a limited period of time, (10 or 20 years), and for a specific
public purpose only, such as building a bridge. Corporations were viewed differently in early times.
They were thought to be good ways to serve the public good. But over the time, people forgot that
corporations are starting to get so powerful and that they need to be strongly controlled. Also, ...
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The temptation of high salaries in corporation business drags the smart, aggressive people into the
corporate world, rather than into government or education, where it is most needed. This just even
increases the power of corporations. When the education system is neglected, corporations educate
workers and potential workers for their own purposes and not for the environment. This can make
good, loyal workers that don?ft mean that they will become good citizens that understand the proper
role of corporations. They may just turn out to be greedy, corrupt, money lovers in the end.
Another issue is that because of the growth of corporate power, the reliability for enterprises to
workers and the communities has declined a lot for the past twenty years. So in other words,
workers don?ft find other job reliable to live with and frequently go into the corporation world,
where there is sure money for their living.
Right now about more than a quarter of the world's economic jobs come from the 200 largest
corporations. Also one–third of world trade takes place in different sections of a single global
company. This means that prices are set, not by the free market, but by corporate leaders. With the
unions continually declining in the private sector, transnational corporations are now starting to
have more power over the political system.
The disadvantages of the corporation developments are a shrinking tax base, a speed up of
joblessness,

Transnational Corporations As The Movers And Shapers ' Of...
Transnational Corporations as the Primary 'movers and shapers' of the World Economy: A critical
consideration
Transnational corporations (TNC's) have often been regarded by many commentators as the
dominant institutions within the contemporary global economy, and popular discourse has regularly
painted TNC's as amoral financial behemoths that transcend state boundaries and plunder the earth's
resources at will. Dicken (2007), in his examination of TNC's, attempted to allay some of the
misconceptions of TNC's, particularly the notion that such enterprises are truly 'global' in form.
The concept of globalization is one that has pervaded public and academic discourse throughout the
last three decades. The term is seldom unheard in any ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the features of economic globalization is what is known as economic interdependency i.e. an
economic downturn in one country can have negative effects on trading partners in other nation
states. One such example of this interdependency was during the 1970's when OPEC (organisation
of petroleum producing countries) increased the price oil. This price hike increased the cost of
energy production, which caused price inflation in many other countries. Manufacturing and
transport became costlier, so profits dropped, and unemployment rose in many countries because of
the inflated price of production, so enormous pressure was heaped on the welfare systems and many
investors lost confidence (Martell, 2010).
Another prime example of global economic interdependency was the financial crises that occurred
in the United States during the latter stages of 2007. Various factors, including the sub–prime
mortgage crises, had contributed to this financial catastrophe, which lead to the stock market falling
15% below its peak in 2007 (Grynbaum, 2008:C1, C7), and another dip in 2008 was indicative of an
economic recession. The idea that the world's strongest economies could flourish independently was
soon proved to wrong (Ritzer & Dean, 2015). Since US is a consumer of many of the worlds goods,
nations that usually export their

Complete A Mindmap On The Importance Of Business To The
Complete a mindmap on the importance of business to the Australian economy.
In workbook
Discuss the main roles of business.
The main role of a business is to produce goods and services to satisfy consumers demand in order
to make a profit.
Construct a series of flowcharts to show the interrelationship between producers and consumers.
Explain how business has an economic and social importance in Australia. In your answer refer to
innovation, quality of life, employment, incomes, entrepreneurship, choice, and wealth creation.
Without entrepreneurship businesses that provide choice and create innovation as well as wealth
creation would not exist. Businesses create employment for workers to earn incomes and purchase
products that improve ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore we begin the recession or downswing phase of the business cycle leading to a depression
which results in High unemployment and people not spending money that contributes to the
expansion phase of the business cycle. People won 't have jobs or money to spend leaving people
without homes and little food.
Expansion
Boom
Recession
Depression
GDP – Growing
GDP –High
GDP – Declining
GDP – Low
Consumer spending – Growing
Consumer spending – High
Consumer spending – Declining
Consumer spending – Low
Employment – Growing
Employment – High
Employment – Declining
Employment – Low
Unemployment – Declining
Unemployment – Low

Unemployment – Growing
Unemployment – High
Inflation – Growing
Inflation – High
Inflation – Declining
Inflation – Low
Investment – Growing
Investment – High
Investment – Declining
Investment – Low
Analyse the personal characteristics you believe are important for the operating of a business.
In order to run a business you need to do the following:
Do what you enjoy – If you enjoy what you 're doing you will put in 100% effort to your business
resulting in success and profit. If you don 't enjoy what you do it will be shown in your lack of
success.
Take what you do seriously – If you take what you do seriously then you will believe in the goods
and services you are providing and you will be effective and successful.
Plan everything – Business planning is important because it requires

Cyber Security And The Digital Age
Introduction
In summer of 2013, numerous global surveillance programs were widely acknowledged by the
public and media, because Edward Snowden leaked thousands of classified documents of them from
National Security Agency (NSA), triggering a global debate about national security and citizens'
rights to privacy on the Internet (Philippens, 2013). The development of Internet provides great
convenience for the companies and consumers, such as e–commerce and social networking.
Meanwhile, it poses certain risks to some extent, such as leakage of corporate secrets and personal
privacy. Thus, multinational companies should find their ways to respond to the problem of cyber
security in the digital age.
Perspective of multinational companies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Blyth (2008) explains that the purpose of the cyber crime related to companies is commercial gain,
whose forms include unauthorized use of the system and cloud computing to steal confidential data
and release malicious programs to damage system and data. Based on the source of the risk on the
network, firstly, companies should contract an accountable Internet Service Provider (ISP) to protect
their systems. ISP could prevent the release of malicious viruses on the network to some extent
(Blyth, 2008).
Secondly, advanced planning and crisis management could be adopted to reduce impacts when the
crisis occurs. Specifically, the education of employees should be included in the process of
planning. Based on the transnational strategy of multinational companies, they give more power and
freedom to the subsidiaries and employees to enhance the efficiency (Bartlett and Beamish, 2014).
For example, certain companies are putting forward flexible work programs including Bring Your
Own Device (BYOD) policy (Dell, 2014). Companies permit employees to use personal owned
devices, such as laptops, tablets and smart phones, to access the organization's network. According
to the survey of Siponen, Mahmood and Pahnila (2009), employees would put their system and
network of companies at risk if they do not follow security policies and operation specification of
organizational network.

Transnational Corporation (TNC) Networks
The term of Transnational Corporation (TNC), as its name suggests, is a reference to a firm whose
influence is not limited to a single nation. "A transnational corporation is a firm that has the power
to coordinate and control operations in more than one country" (Dicken, 2011, p. 110). This
influence can take many forms such as subsidiaries or production facilities in other countries, but
ownership is not mandatory for a corporation to have sway in another country. A TNC could gain
power in a country other than its home through connections to suppliers or through the act of
outsourcing (Stevis, Transnational Corporations, 2013). These connections also hint at an idea,
suggested by Dicken, that in many ways TNCs are "Networks within ... Show more content on
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There are multitudes of roles that states can fill; which they are called upon to undertake can depend
on the type of capitalism and the wishes of the administration currently in power. One of the most
common roles of a state is to function as a regulator over the economy. Under this role, states can
provide structure to help support stable and functioning markets, such as providing the means to
protect property rights; regulations can also be used to restrict certain forms of trade, or to see that a
certain issue that is important to the population of the country is addressed (Stevis, Roles of Sates,
2013). Beyond this basic role, states can also act as both Collaborators and Competitors towards
private firms. States can collaborate to help bring a certain firm to the country, or to help others
compete in a certain market in the world political economy through subsidies and other benefits
(Stevis, Roles of Sates, 2013). States, however, can play the reverse role by competing against a
firm or market. This can take the form of both direct competition, such as through state–owned
enterprises, or more indirect methods, subsidizing an opposing industry (Stevis, State Capitalism,
2013). Relationship of States and TNCs Like the variance in the roles many states take on, the
interactions of states and TNCs can differ greatly. While it depends significantly on the form of
capitalism the state adheres to, the

Dora, By Jhumpa Lahiri Essay
At the beginning of the passage, "When Mr. Pirzada came to dine," Lilia says, "I didn't mean they
were missing. I meant he misses them. They live in a different country, and he hasn't seen them in a
while, that's all." Even though she has had multiple chances to talk to Dora and her parents about the
war in Pakistan and the impacts it had on Mr.Pirzada, she doesn't bring up the issue or try to inform
them about it. This is because Lilia didn't try to history of her motherland until she met Mr. Pirzada,
thus she knows Dora won't be interested or can relate to the issue as Dora is an American. Jhumpa
Lahiri critiques both modern contemporary Americans and immigrants for their ignorant, privileged
life by getting the readers to view the world through the eyes of first generation Indian–American,
Lilia.
Halloween is one of the most celebrated and the most marketed holidays in America; therefore,
Americans buys costumes, decorations, and confectioneries which one can't afford in war zone
countries. In Halloween, children and teenagers get dressed up in their costumes and go from "house
to house, walking along pathways and pressing doorbells." When the door opens, children and
teenagers would scream "trick–or–treat" and they receive candies, chocolates, and other
confectioneries from their neighbours. This tradition has increasingly become more popular and
sensational as more people decorated their house by stringing "rubber bats in windows," and
"turning off lights for effect."

The Causes And Impacts Of Transnational Corporations
Transnational Corporations (TNCs), also known as Multinational corporations (MNCs), are
businesses that have subsidiaries in at least one other state other than their home state (Jackson,
2013) Due to their reach they have a fairly significant role on global politics. They control the mass
of the economy and GDP of many states, place pressure on policy makers through their decisions
and influence the decisions of citizens through media. They, however, would not be able to function
without the rules and economic control states have to create a market place and media channels.
This limits their power to an extent but they still retain a position of power within the global
political scene.
TNCs have had a massive growth post World War II with America dominating the international
market well into the 1960's until Europe and Japan began to compete against them. In the modern
global market changes in political regimes and ideologies have allowed for a diverse market with
Eastern Europe and many other Asian countries finding their way in. China has made itself a super
power in international trade, manufacturing and export due to the cheap costs. Many Transnational
corporations have more worth than some states with Wal–Mart being worth more than Israel, Poland
and many others. There is an estimated sixty–one thousand TNCs that make up two thirds of the
global trade with a third coming from inter–firm transactions (Raghavan, 1996). The states
themselves take advantage of the reach

Nature of Business Topic Notes
iThe Nature Of Business: TOPIC 1 Business | The organized effort of individuals to produce and
sell goods for a profit that satisfies individuals needs and wants | Product | Is a good or service that
can be bought or sold | Goods | Are items that can be seen and touched. | Services | Are things done
for you by others | Finished product | Is something that is ready for customers to buy and use |
Production | Are activities that are undertaken by the business. They combine resorsed to create
products that satisfy the customers needs and wants | Revenue | Is the money the business receives
as payment for its products | Operating expenses | Are all the costs of a running business except the
costs of the goods sold. | Profit | ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can be divided into two broad categories: internal and external | External Environment | Includes
those factors which that business has very little control | Internal environment | Includes those
factors over which the business has some degree of control | Economic Cycle | Are periods of
growth(bloom) and ressesion(bust) that occurs as a result of fluctuations in the general level of
economic activity | Deregulation | Is the removal of government regulation from industry, with the
aim of increasing efficiency and improving competition | Globalisation????????!!!!!!!1 | Is the
process that sells peoples goods, money and ideas moving around the world more cheaply than
before | Goods And

The Downsides to Globalization
Does your friend that lives across the globe have the same branded shirt as you? Does she drink
Starbucks every morning like you? Does she watch the same videos on YouTube like you? How
does your friend have the same things as you but she is halfway across Earth? This is happening
because the world has aided in the homogenization of people and culture. Through internet and
other advancing technology and social media interaction among people has become easier. This
process is known as cultural globalization because the whole world is leading to a single culture.
Globalization should be stopped since it is making cultures lose their identity and significance in
this world, and allows technology – todays manufacture and global media to gain control over small
business and many different aspects of people's life.
Cultural globalization has its own pros and cons. Cultures and societies can be brought together
through globalization. Because of the Revolution in Information Technology it has become easier to
communicate and connect with people of different cultures across the global. Through this cultural
diffusion societies are feeling similar and will become united. People from all of these different
nations will feel together rather than an outcast and eventually eradicate racism and discrimination
(Sofree). Globalization can lead to freedom from custom and have "exposure to alternative ways of
life and thought will help increase global awareness and appreciate to humankind in

The Transnational Capitalist Class
The rise of the corporation follows the path of the rise of Western capitalist society. When industrial
societies expanded, the birth of many corporations formed to consolidate power, market share and
ultimately, profit. In the last century, the emergence of large multinational corporations (MNC)* has
brought both benefits and numerous problems to our global society. The documentary film The
Corporation has left an indelible mark on my perception on how globalization has affected poor
countries. The film provides a critical review on the rise of MNC and its current corporate practices.
The study of multinational corporations have led to the emergence of several academic approaches
that question the merits and consequences of globalization. ... Show more content on
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In the "Birth" segment, the film shows how the modern corporation began from the rise of the
industrial revolution in the United Kingdom and slowly spread to America. The film shows the early
concepts of a legal business corporation began as a government–chartered institution to assist in
specific public projects with specific stipulations and liabilities. Influenced by corporate and
banking lawyers, the U.S. Supreme Court came down with several controversial decisions
expanding the personhood status of a corporation. In the "A Legal 'Person'" segment, the film shows
how American corporations are allowed to legal operate as a person, having rights to purchase other
businesses and shield investors and its management from losses and sanctions by the corporations'
actions. Since the United States legal system concluded that a corporation should be legally
considered a "person," the producers chose to psychoanalyze this person and formulate a diagnosis
based on their behavior in the corporate world. And this is the central point of this film: the modern
corporation is diagnosed as a psychopath since it numerous actions are amoral, deceitful, incapable
of guilt and failure to conform to social norms and respect the law (Achbar, 2003) By having
personhood status, the American corporation was allowed to grow and take advantage of expanding
their markets domestically and ultimately into

Transnational Corporation And What Impacts Do They Have On...
What is a Transnational Corporation and what impacts do they have on society? Before we can
discuss the impacts these types of corporations have on society, we must first have a basic
knowledge of exactly what a Transnational Corporation is and how they are formed. Then we can
begin to comprehend how these corporations' impact things such as international trade and the
effects they have on cultures throughout the world. Let's begin by defining a Transnational
Corporations. Most of individuals draw there meaning of a term from how it is used in a sentence
and from our own background, but we all know that can change the meaning of the word. We also
know that this can be close or way of base as to the actual meaning. So, let's see what the definition
is for Transnational Corporation. According to West's Encyclopedia of American Law, "A
Transnational, or multinational, corporation has its headquarters in one country and operates wholly
or partially owned subsidiaries in one or more other countries." (Lehman and Phelps, 2008) Here is
another definition of the topic "Multinational corporations are corporations whose home offices are
in one country but have significant fixed investments in other countries. These investments might be
in factories or warehouses, transportation or telecommunications, mining or agriculture." (Burton,
2002) Now you have two different version of what this type of corporation is. However, my
interpretation is, this is a company that

Globalization And The Economy : Globalization
Globalization and the Economy "It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing
against the laws of gravity."(Annan). Throughout humanities existence culture and valuable items
have always been exchanged through trade between various groups and tribes that are located near
one another, today is no different. In the modern world the exchange of those goods and cultural
values have started to be traded at a much faster rate, this can be attributed to the increased role that
globalization and technology has played in the development of the global economy. As a result of
globalization businesses have been able to become more profitable than ever. However, many
believe that even thought the economy has been able to grow at unprecedented speed globalization
still posses a negative overall effect on the world as a whole. The people who tend to agree with this
viewpoint often point to the undesirable effects that are taken out on the environment and also the
increasing income gap between the rich and the poor. However, these people fail to see that periods
of rapid trade have been happening multiple times in the last one thousand years. They also aren't
aware of the benefits that come along with using globalization to its full potential. If used properly
globalization can increase the economic outlook for a country while also increasing trade, which
allows capital to flow freely between businesses. Overall, globalization is worth the negative
impacts because of

Monsanto: American Transnational Corporation
Monsanto is an American Transnational Corporation which supplies agrochemical and agriculture.
In 1901, John Francis Queeny, a 30‑year old veteran of the pharmaceutical industry, established
Monsanto with his own money. John named the Company after his wife's maiden name.
Monsanto's headquarters are now held in Creve coeur, Missouri, US. It is a leader in genetically
engineered crop which repel insects and make crops immune to herbicides. The company is
estimated to be worth $44 billion. The company's first products were food additives, such as
artificial sweetener saccharin, caffeine, vanillin (artificial vanilla) and coumarin (artificial
cinnamon). Then the moved into chemicals, and later agriculture. It currently has a market share of
more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though Monsanto made a very bad representation for itself, the company were the first in
history to create genetically modified plants. As the new discovery was made this started the era of
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs).
Creating employment in India and other developing countries brings money into economies by
producing and exporting products. According to the India Committee of the Netherlands and the
International Labor Rights Fund, there has been criticism over monsanto's use of child labor. It is
estimated there are more than 20 million acres of cotton in India, which an estimated 12,375
children work in the cottonseed production for farmers paid by Indian and Monsanto.
Monsanto's is very well known for it weed killing product, Roundup. Yet again, Monsanto's was
criticised as Roundup would kill butterflies or have other negative impacts on the environment.
Monsanto's also was involved in some pharmaceutical products which contained seeds however this
was not a successful money making

Developing Personal Computer Software Systems
Introduction
Transnational corporations refer to "corporations that have their home base in one country and
branches, or affiliates, in other countries" (Mooney 2015, 213). An example of such corporation is
Microsoft. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975 (Microsoft, 2016). It is "the
worldwide leader in software, services, devices and solutions that help people and businesses realize
their full potential" (Microsoft, 2016).
In addition to developing personal–computer software systems and applications, it "publishes books
and multimedia titles, offers e–mail services, and sells electronic game systems, computer
peripherals, and portable media players" as well (Zachary, 2016). The company has sales offices
worldwide. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2015, the company workforce was 59.2 percent Caucasian, 29.3 percent Asian, 5.4 percent
Hispanic or Latino, 3.5 percent American African, 1.3 percent multi–racial, 0.5 percent American
Indian or Alaskan native, and 0.3 percent Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (Microsoft, 2015).
Males occupied 73.1 percent of the total company workforce, while females occupied 26.8 percent
(Microsoft, 2015).
Microsoft has 4 main operation centers located differently: (1) Licensing, Manufacturing,
Operations and Logistics in Dublin, Ireland; (2) Manufacturing in Humacao, Puerto Rico; (3)
Licensing and Operations in Reno, Nevada; and (4) Operations and Logistics in Singapore
(Microsoft, 2016). There are production facilities, for manufacturing of phones for instance, in
Masan, South Korea (1984), Beijing, China (1995), Dongguan, China (1995), Manaus, Brazil
(1998), Komárom, Hungary (1999), Chennai, India (2006), Reynosa, Mexico (1996), and Hanoi,
Vietnam (2013) (Microsoft, 2016). There has been a debate on the effects of transnational
corporations. This brings about the question: should Microsoft and other transnational corporations
continue to operate the way they have been? Using the conflict perspective, Microsoft needs to
address the negative impacts it brings upon as a transnational corporation.
Effects on Other Countries Microsoft, as a transnational corporation, can certainly bring about
different effects on the countries in which it has offices or plants. This can be

Globalisation And Globalization
In what ways have Globalisation and Neo–Liberalism impacted upon Transnational Organised
Crime?
Globalisation is subject that has been well discuss over the years and there have been many different
definitions of it. for example, some describe it as "a process by which the world is becoming
increasingly interconnected because of massively increased trade and cultural exchange" (BBC).
Another definition is that "a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies,
and governments of different nations" (Globalization 101). However, globalisation is not a new
phenomenon or something that has just been happening for a few years, people have been trading
for thousands of years, one example is the famous Silk Road which runs across Central China and
connected China and Europe in the Middle Ages (globalization 101), but it is in the last century that
this globalisation phenomenon has been growing at a fast pace (Nassar 2007:2). Therefore, we can
all agree that the term Globalisation has been use to describe the integration of different topics such
as the market, values, environmental and political concerns that different nation may have across the
globe, for example the technological and economic development which help western manufacture
companies to produce their goods using cheap labour from Asia, or the political issues which helps
to regulate "international corporations and the privatization of state assets in order to meet the
requirements of the IMF and World Bank" (Aas, Katja Franko. 2013:3, Nassar 2007:2). One of the
main reason for globalization or global integration is to generate higher profits and the desire for
greater economic success and better future for everyone. (Nassar 2007:2)
Many people have different view of what neo liberalism is, some describe it as an updated version
of the classical liberal economic thought that before the Great Depression dominated the US and the
UK (Kotz 2002:64). Other describe it as a set of political and economic policies and even religious
ideas, which seems to be supported by the ideology of promoting economic growth, human
wellbeing and technological progress by limiting or reducing government role to a minimum (Kotz
2002:64)
This are some of the

Transnational Corporations Influence On Modern Sports
The power of transnational corporations control modern sports by manufacturing sport related
items, made by huge corporations around the world, while influencing our society (Maguire, Jarvie,
Mansfield, & Bradley, 2002). These corporations manufacture items, not only worn by the team
players, but also their fans. Fans have favorite team players and want to show their support by
purchasing related items. For instance a manufacturer like Adias sponsors a player or team with logo
wear, equipment, and clothing. By having the team wear their merchandise, this helps increase their
sales to the public, making a huge profit from the sporting world.
Global flows have several dimensions: migrant, technology, economic, media, and ideological, that
makes this global flow into a multibillion dollar business. The migrant dimension involves people
like the tourist and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The global sports industry features corporations that will manufacture clothing, shoes, equipment,
logo items and so on, for cheap labor and cost from overseas. Using media of various sorts all over
the world promotes their items to spectators, by showing their product being proudly displayed by
famous players and teams. In reaction, the fans will want to obtain items just like their favorite
teams wear, therefore making these corporations millions. This is very apparent with the Ohio State
Buckeyes. Loyal fans have numerous logo items such as: shirts, coats, flags, bumper stickers and so
on. However, the sponsored corporation for any particular team could possibly pull their
sponsorship due to the person or team not upholding their end of the deal. Sometimes they pull
sponsorships due to bad publicity, scandals, or allegations. These financial decisions show how all
of the dimensions flow and work together to create the industry with the corporations being in
control in my

Tppa Pros And Cons
The Trans–Pacific Partnership Agreement is a free–trade agreement between 44 different countries
controlling 40% of the world's economic output. It spans over 4 continents, comprising of 800
million people, and $28.5 trillion of combined gross domestic product between the 12–pact
countries. The TPPA is the world's largest free–trade agreement to ever exist. This partnership
agreement achieves its power by implementing new rules and regulations in their attempt to
improve the global economy. However, if the agreement is passed, the new laws introduced will
negatively impact the Canadian economy because it strips away basic human rights and needs or
make them harder to obtain by restraining government powers. The 6000–page contract targets
government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the Trans–Pacific Partnership has been secretly conducting the Intellectual Property
Protection Provision (IPPP) to counteract the purpose of the OHIP. Instead of providing medication
and free health services, the agreement makes access to health care more expensive and less
accessible. Leaked documents found by Stephen Cornish, director of Docrtors Without
Boarders/Médecins Sans Frontiéres, wrote an article entitled "Trans–Pacific Partnership" which
reveal the Patent Extension Provision law –part of the IPPP– allowing a 20–year extended patent
guarantee for modifications on existing drugs. The effect of this will increase drug costs, lengthen
the time period needed to put new medication on shelves, and delay generic competitions from
producing less expensive versions of drugs which are vital to global health. The U.S.A is also
pushing for stringent intellectual property protections on drugs to give dominant pharmaceutical
companies longer monopolies over generic brand name drugs. According to Scott Sinclair and
Stuart Trew from The National Observer, they stated in their article "Implications for Canada of a
Fast–Tracked TPP" that patent extensions will add at least $800 million annually to Canadian drug
costs, which is already the second highest in the world.

Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval: Workers Of The World Unite
As I continued my research, I found an article written by Ralph Armbruster–Sandoval, a professor
in the Latin American and Iberian Studies program at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
The article, "Workers of the World Unite? The Contemporary Anti–Sweatshop Movement and the
Struggle for Social Justice in the Americas," examines and discusses the ascendancy of clothing
corporations, such as Polo Ralph Lauren. This ascendancy allows them to surmount the human
rights campaigns directed at their nefarious mistreatment of sweatshop workers in Central America.
According to Armbruster–Sandoval, "Transnational Corporations (TNCs)...hold the upper hand
because they can simply cut and run when they are confronted with labor–organizing campaigns..."

Transnational Corporations Essay
Transnational corporations are companies who's business activities have an influence on economic,
social, and environmental outcomes in more than one country. There are some similarities in
principles, expectations, and motives between countries regarding these matters, however there are
also some differences too. This makes it vital for companies to consider these issues, in order to be
socially responsible on an international scale as well as a national scale. (Boddy 2012) states that
corporate social responsibility "refers to the awareness, acceptance and management of the wider
responsibilities of organisations". Producers and suppliers to transnational corporations are in some
cases regarded as a wider responsibility of transnational corporations, as it is the dealings between
the two parties that lights up a variety of topics to review. The aim of this piece of work is to talk
about the main factors that transnational corporations need to consider when dealing with producers
and suppliers, and their respective communities, in order to be socially responsible, by reviewing
previous literature of accredited scholars and researchers. This involves the fairness of how
transnational corporations deal with producers and suppliers, and also, the thoughts towards
exploitation of labour by suppliers in poor countries.
Treating producers in a fair way is a topic, which many believe is a responsibility of transnational
corporations. The coffee sector is an example, where

The Impact Of Lundbeck As A Global Pharmaceutical Company
History Lundbeck is a global pharmaceutical company highly committed to improving the quality of
life for people with mental illness and neurological disorders people . To this end , Lundbeck is
engaged in the research, development, production, marketing and sale of drugs around the world.
The company 's products in the areas of disease , such as depression , schizophrenia , Parkinson 's
disease and Alzheimer 's disease target, (About us, 2016) . The company Founded by Hans
Lundbeck was founded in 1915 , it was originally a trading company of various commodities
Danish market , including machinery manufacturing, aluminum foil , artificial sweeteners , and
photographic equipment, (Lundbeck, 2016) . Lundbeck entered the pharmaceutical market in 1924 ,
imports from Europe and other countries, with headquarters in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic
companies . By the late 1930s , Lundbeck has started producing its own pharmaceutical products,
andset up their own R & D department . During the Second World War , production continued ,
although it is limited due to lack of raw materials, (Lundbeck, 2016) . After the war , Lundbeck
company continued to grow and in 1957 the company introduced Truxal used to treat schizophrenia,
brain diseases to enter the market . In 1954 , the company Lundbeck Foundation was established to
maintain and expand its activities Lundbeck 's groups , and provide the highest quality of research
funding . From the late 1970s through the 1980s , Lundbeck

The Poverty Of Capitalism, And Food Production
Part 1: Hilary's book, 'The Poverty of Capitalism,' questions capitalism in modern day societies and
focuses on the three economic sectors of extraction, garments, and food production. The
accumulation of capital has led to the impoverishment of millions of people around the world and
corporations have even gained enough power to outmaneuver states (ie Vattenfall sues Germany).
Capitalism is about ambition, and the wheels of production need to keep turning to keep pace with
the demand for more profit. However, the cost of making the wealthy more prosperous is that half of
the global south now lives in poverty. Furthermore, after the 2008 financial crisis, the G20 gave
more power to the World Bank, the IMF, and the WTO to police world trade, despite how those
institutions were responsible for economic crashes to begin with. Corporate Social Responsibility is
also criticized by Hilary, who explains how large corporations use this hegemonic strategy as a
mechanism for expanding their reach by aligning themselves with NGOs so they can continue their
exploitation of people and resources under the protection of a philanthropic name. Inequality is
increasing both between and within countries and Hilary proposes that the solidarity created by the
struggle for alternatives to capitalism (ie Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, La Via Campesina) shows
that there is hope for a new future.
Part 2: Capitalism: After the 2008 financial crisis, hope for economic recovery was

The Story of a First Forbes Billionaire from a Least...
The Story of a First Forbes Billionaire from a least Developed Country: Nepal Background The
news in Forbes that the small Himalayan nation of Nepal (with the population of 30 million), among
the poorest countries in the world, has produced its first billionaire in Binod Chaudhary, chairman of
the Cinnovation/Chaudhary Group made Nepalese jubilant. In a country where businesses were
failing due to political conflict, one man and his team successfully made a mark in the nation's
economic history. This case exemplifies how right strategies can help businesses succeed even in a
nation engulfed by political stagnation, civil war and economic problems. Winning Aspirations With
the vision of "Touching Life Everyday" Chaudhary Group is now a business conglomerate including
forty businesses, and its operations cover across all five continents. However, the story begins with
a humble background. Mr. Chaudhary's family started a business in Kathmandu, the capital city of
Nepal, in the year 1934 by leasing a shop at $3 per month. Starting as an importer of textiles from
India, they opened up a flour mill in the year 1974. The business boomed after the introduction of
"Wai Wai" (ไวไว) in Nepal. The name of Binod Chaudhary is synonymous to "Wai Wai" for many
Nepalese consumers. During one visit to Thailand, Mr. Chaudhary observed that loads of "Wai Wai"
noodles were exported to Nepal from Thailand. Noticing the popularity he started producing "Wai
Wai" in Nepal. The partnership with

Examine Why Multinational Corporations Seek to Transfer...
The HRM policy of a firm is looked as a most important strength which needs to be taken care of all
the time to have a competitive advantage within the industry they operating in. Multinational
corporations (MNCs) seek to transfer their home–country human resource management (HRM)
practices to their overseas subsidiary as to them it is just another approach towards globalisation. It
can be an element of success for MNCs if they manage to transfer these HRM practices across their
subsidiaries in an effective manner. An effective transition of these policies depends on the
organisational, cultural, social and relational factors (Bartlett & Ghoshal 1998; Evans, Pucik
& Barsoux 2002; Poedenphant 2002). The transition of these policies ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The whole procedure of international strategy is from adopting the policies implemented from the
parent company to the enhancement of the competencies developed at the subsidiary, which will
complement the organization on the whole.
International experience is also one of the factors that push a MNC to implement the home–country
HRM policies across their subsidiaries. It depends on how long a MNC has been active in their
international operations that impact the nature of their decision while implementing HR policies
across their subsidiaries. Having a lack of international experience, a MNC will make their
subsidiaries adopt their home–country policies (The effect of corporate–level organisational factors
on the transfer of human resource management practices: European and US MNCs and their Greek
subsidiaries, Barbara Myloni,July 2006). A MNC with more international experience is less likely to
adapt their home–country policies as the more a firm gains international experience, the less
dominant their home–country HR policies become.
Looking from the dependency theory's point of view, the need for control also pushes a MNC to
implement their home–based policies. The stronger the need is, the more the necessity of integrating
these policies will grow, and hence there is a probability that the HR practice will resemble the
home–country practices. The more dependent a subsidiary is to their parent, the more the firm will
try

Transnational IT Operations
�PAGE � �PAGE �1� Running head: TRANSNATIONAL IT OPERATIONS
TRANSNATIONAL IT OPERATIONS
University of Phoenix
CMGT/578 CIS Strategic Planning
February 7, 2011
�
TRANSNATIONAL IT OPERATIONS
A transnational company is a corporation that is registered and operates in more than one country at
the same time (West's Encyclopedia of American La., n.d.). A transnational corporation has its
headquarters in one country and operates wholly or partially owned subsidiaries in one other, or
many other countries. Some companies will outsource a portion or sometimes all of their
Information Technology (IT) functions to a foreign country for a verity of reason. Companies that
move a portion of their operations, such as IT, need to investigate the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
_�_
_DISADVANTAGES_
There are also disadvantages for transnational companies as well as advantages. Many times these
can be one and the same depending on the perspective. As the Multilanguage abilities can be a
benefit, they can also be a challenge. Even though people can speak a foreign language, they
sometimes do not understand all the inflections or the meaning of some idioms that may be common
to an area that the company serves. This can cause some annoyance and even offensive for some
customers.
Another hurdle can be the lack of infrastructure in the desired area. This includes everything from
the desired quantity and quality of phone lines, OC3 or T1 lines or capability, necessary workspace
for the desired employees, or the availability of hardware or ability to obtain it where it needs to go

because of the potential host nation's legal restrictions or other challenges. These obstacles can
usually be met and defeated but there are time and cost considerations in meeting these.
There are also the potential for a difficult or even hostile political climate. This consideration is one
that can change rapidly in many areas of the world, and can be quite unexpected. Conditions in
Egypt, for the last few weeks can be used as an example of how a seemingly stable country can have
civil unrest quickly and unexpectedly.
The limited ability or inability to find and

Globalization : As Transnational Corporations ( Mncs )
As transnational corporations (TNCs) grow more powerful than some nations and dominate the
world market, governments favor neoliberal policies. Neoliberalism, a movement toward less
government involvement in the regulation of markets, illustrates the push for open markets and free
trade by core countries. (Knox, 299) Since the core countries already gained wealth and power, they
possess the means to adopt neoliberal policies without the fear of being exploited. Without state
intervention, the TNCs form monopolies and outsource labor to the cheapest bidder without concern
for the factory conditions. Therefore, many argue abandoning social goals and standards leads to
profitability for businesses. (Knox, 299). Others claim making the markets open and free improves
political and social relations between nations. Although businesses are able to make a larger profit
without governmental standards, neoliberalism causes deregulation of industry and factories,
creating problems for the future generations. Furthermore, neoliberalism exemplifies the goals of
capitalism, for private industries strive to control every aspect of a product to make the most
revenue. In order to generate a profit and undercut the competition, companies find the cheapest
way to produce their goods. Therefore, many corporations subcontract their factories, making it
difficult to know who should be responsible for the rights of the workers. Subsequently, with
neoliberal policies, the blame for the safety and

Ebay Is An American Transnational Corporation
EBay is an American transnational corporation that utilizes an online interface to transmit its
business globally. To become a transnational corporation your business must facilitate its operations
in more than one country. EBay hosts an online marketplace where consumers and merchants can
trade new and used goods for discounted prices. EBay has made it easier to shop from other
countries through the process of deterritorialization. The website is also a good example of
globalizing culture; which will be discussed later in the paper. EBay has not only transformed the
online marketplace, but has been especially successful doing so. In an interview conducted with
Entrepreneur.com, a former Fortune 500 company IT consultant stated that, "EBay became a $10
billion company selling something used cheaper than new," (Girard, 2011.) This emphasizes how
successful this business has become and what the future may hold for EBay as well as companies
alike.
EBay hosts an online marketplace where consumers and merchants can come together to trade
goods in a variety of ways. One way this can occur is through Auction–type listings. This process
consist of listing an item that is available for others to bid on for a specified amount of time; the
person to bid the highest wins at the end of the allotted time. There is also a "buy–it–now" option
where an individual can immediately purchase the desired item directly from the seller. There is an
array of categories you can shop from and consist

Tackling The War On Drugs ( Cd ) And Combating...
INTRODUCTION
Tackling the War on Drugs (CD) and Combating Transnational Crime Organizations (TCO) is an
important national security problem. While addressing this issue in a scholastic forum, I immersed
myself into this problem set using the guidance of assuming the role of Colonel Tim Killian.
Utilizing the provided case and the ADIA framework and course concepts, I reviewed and assessed
the information presented. The goal of Joint Task Force North (JTFN) J–5 is to develop a "strategy
for military support to counter drug efforts and more broadly fight transnational organized crime."
In this paper, I have negotiated the decision cycle and reviewed implementation choices, which
leads to another analysis process in grading the progress. Keeping with the examination's pretext,
my approach employs each of the four framework pieces, which essentially ask five straightforward
queries. In the "Assess" step, "Who am I and where are we?" In the "Decide" step, "Where should
we go?" In the "Implement" step, "How do we get there?" And finally, in the "Assure" step, "Are we
getting there?" These questions formed the template that assisted in traversing the problem set,
seeing the fullness of the situation, and to formulate plans toward addressing the problems of CD
and TCOs.
"WHO AM I and WHERE ARE WE?"
Personal Assessment: I have assumed the role of Colonel Tim Killian as the Joint Task Force North,
J–5, Director of Policy and Plans. Firstly, how would Colonel Killian fit

How Transnational Corporations Affect the Sovereignty of a...
How Transnational Corporations Affect the Sovereignty of a Nation
Analysts agree that TNCs have altered the international relations principles that were once
dominated by nation–state relations (Kline, 2005).Transnational Corporations have in many ways
exploited the weaknesses in the territorially guarded national laws. In many developing countries,
organizations affiliated to external control have challenged and in some instances threatened
government sovereignty. Economically stable countries such as the United States of America, have
attempted to extend their influence to other countries of the world through TNC. This situation is
what led to governments endorsing the non–interference policy in national political affairs (United
Nations, 2003). Interesting to note is the role that non–governmental organizations played in this
debate. Nongovernmental organizations have been known to not only exert political pressure on
governments with little democratic space, but also collaborate with TNCs in this quest. (Heinrich,
2001). For example, many NGOs sort the active involvement of TNC in removal of the apartheid
regime in South Africa. This in return, has created tension between these governments and the
NGOs with the NGOs calling for the increased political involvement of the TNCs.
Transnational Corporations have been steadfast in calling for respect, support and promotion of
human rights (Kline, 2005). This has been done in reference to the United Nations Universal

The Transnational Corporations Must Account For Much Wider...
Molleda (2009) stated that the truly transnational corporations must account for much wider
complexities compared to the smaller and locally focused companies. Various aspects, such as
mergers and acquisitions, new product introductions, technological changes, layoffs, and
globalisations could create opportunities and challenges for these organisations while
communicating with their key publics or stakeholders (Lattimore et al. 2009). Consequently, these
truly transactional entities, maintaining a global reach and presence, are required to know the means
of organising and operating their public relations (PR) programs on a truly global basis (Wakefield,
2011), where PR is viewed as a distinctive management function that establishes and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As one of the world's most valuable brand names, The Coca–Cola Company (Coca–Cola or 'the
company') has normally outclassed as business over its long history (Ferrell et al. 2011). However,
in recent decades Coca–Cola has had problems to meet its financial goals and has been related to a
number of ethical crises like product safeties, pollutions, depletions of natural resources,
intimidations of union workers, anti–competitiveness, distributor conflicts, channel stuffing, and
racial discriminations (Ferrell et al. 2011). This case study analyses Coca–Cola's crisis management
in relation to PR activities.
2. Business background of Coca–Cola
Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, the USA, the Coca–Cola Company is the largest beverage
company in the world, owning, manufacturing, distributing, and marketing of more than 500 non–
alcoholic beverage brands, mainly sparkling beverages and more than 3,500 beverage products like
waters, enhanced waters, energy and sports drinks, ready–to–drink teas and coffees, and juices and
juice drinks (Coca–Cola, 2014). The company owns and markets 4 of the globe's top 5 non–
alcoholic sparkling beverage brands, such as Coca–Cola (or Coke), Diet Coke, Fanta, and Sprite.
The company's finished beverage products bearing its trademarks, sold in the USA since 1886, are
now consumed in more than two hundred countries (Coca–Cola, 2014). According to Coca–Cola
(2014), the company makes its branded beverage products available to its

Transnational Corporations And Human Rights Violations Essay
Introduction
This essay's thesis is that there is currently a lack legal apparatuses that can be used to hold
transnational corporations liable for human rights violations; specifically violation of labour rights.
This paper seeks to discuss various legal instruments that are applicable to transnational
corporations and human rights violations. It will also provide theoretical framework for
understanding the nature of human rights and legal framework of labour laws. This essay will
address the following questions: What is the legal status of transnational corporations? How can
current legal apparatuses be used to hold transnational corporations accountable for human rights
violations? This essay will also consider the case of human right violations by Nike Corporation in
order to show that external pressures can produce development and accountability.
2. Transnational Corporations
Current legal mechanisms of accountability fail to account for the fluid nature and power of
influence that transnational corporations possess. Transnational Corporations are not static in nature
and have tremendous economic and political influence over government policies. These factors
result in a lack of due diligence for transnational corporations to uphold human rights. TNCs are
economic and legal entities. In theory, TNCs are subject to the law of a country, to the jurisdiction of
its courts, but often this is abandoned by the government of countries. TNCs have tremendous
influence

Two Negative Impacts Of Transnational Corporations On...
Explain TWO negative impacts of transnational corporations on developing countries.
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to explain why the impacts of transnational corporations on developing
countries are important to understand. Transnational corporations are large companies that have a
head office in one country and subsidiary offices in other countries. They affect all countries;
however, they affect developing countries on a much larger and damaging level. This is because
developing countries are poorer, many people have a lower standard of living, and the resources
available and the amount to hire an employee is significantly lower that one of a developed country.
The two negative impacts caused by transnational corporations that will be discussed in this report
are sweatshops and life expectancy. These impacts are important to understand because they educate
us on how the world of trade is influenced by sweatshops, and how sweatshops effect an individual's
life.
Globalisation
The impacts of globalisation are happening around us every day, with or without us realising it.
Globalisation is the breakdown of traditional barriers between nations, and a trend towards faster
and cheaper movement around the world of people, goods, money and information.
As shown in the figure, many different factors are impacted and impact globalisation. Economic
globalisation consists of the growth and development of international trade. This is the process of

Environmental Impacts Of Environmental Disasters
Introduction Environmental damage that is caused by just one individual is exclusively minor which
causes it to be unnoticed, whereas a major group of people, such as a large corporation harming the
environment at once causes major harm to society. More than a century of industrial development
has caused negative environmental impacts such as global warming, ozone depletion, and air and
water pollution. These are recognized as global environmental problems that need immediate
solutions. Climate change, as an international environmental issue, is getting a great deal of
attention as it has become a global issue. In the last few decades, there has been a heightened
awareness of environmental issues by governments, policy makers, advocacy groups, business
firms, and the public all over the world. The corporate role in this, the potentially most severe and
all–encompassing of environmental disasters, is quite clear as business activities are effecting
climate change negatively. This paper will argue that in order to minimize the negative effect of
environmental harm and climate change, the undertakings of corporations should be structured and
encouraged to perform in a socially responsible manner. This will be examined through the
discussion on the legal structure of corporations and the desire of regulators and victims looking to
hold them accountable for their environmental harm. It will be followed with a description of the
importance of corporate social responsibility. This

The Importance Od Ethics And Social Responsibility
Ethics and social responsibility are very important irrespective of the community in which you
conduct business in. All stakeholder groups are benefited from the use of ethical behavior. For one,
stock holders benefit as the financial numbers used to evaluate and engage in business activities are
legitimate. These numbers will therefore provide a solid foundation in which to evaluate the merits
of a particular activity such as a merger, acquisition, dividend, stock buy back and so forth.
Consumers benefit as they are not mislead in regards to purchasing decisions. These builds trust as
the brand will become synonymous with ethics further expanding the market share of the company.
This will then benefit the shareholders even further as more consumers purchase products from this
trusted company. The community benefits as the company contributes to the community through the
profits garnered from sales (Business, 2011). As such, all stakeholder groups benefit and flourish.
Social responsibility is no different in this regard. Companies, especially during tough economic
circumstances want to demonstrate their commitment to the communities in which they operate.
Usually, these commitments translate into high sales figures and better customer loyalty. Social
responsibility also engages associates on a personal level as they can volunteer and contribute to
causes pertinent to their beliefs. These increases employee satisfaction which ultimately helps
improve productivity.
In

Business And Human Rights : The Evolving International...
Article Reflection and Case Summary 2
Tong, Yiran (Nina) #3480572
University of New Brunswick, Saint John
MBA 7102
Deryk Stec
Jan 29, 2015
Article Reflections
Business and Human Rights: The Evolving International Agenda by John Gerard Ruggie
Summary and background
This paper analyzes the development of human rights and business in an international view, states
the factual issues, and provides strategies to improve the existing realities. The article explains the
conceptual challenges to let readers know the basic foundation of international human rights, such
as globalization, global value chains, transnational corporate networks, duties and rights.
Important Features and Reflections
Corporate Responsibility for International ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Different Perspectives
Individuals and corporations have different perspectives and standards. Some of the standards are
contrary, so the government and relevant corporations can act the bridge between individuals and
corporations. The national legal system gives criminal punishment and limitations for companies'
actions.
Rights and Duties
A corporation is an independent entity created through a legal process. A group of people put their
capital together and incorporate a company in which they subsequently own shares. The
shareholders and the corporation are separate entities, each having its own rights and duties. General
rights and duties exist that apply to all corporations. However, there are also specific legal
obligations that depend on whether the corporation is publicly or privately held. Corporations have a
right to own, rent, hire or lease property and where applicable to sell it. One of the duties of a
corporation is to pay tax, since it is engaged in profit–making activities.
Society needs successful businesses, but today business is taking over society. The unfettered rise of
corporate power that presents the biggest threat to free markets, and to the ability of free markets to
promote individual freedom, equality before the law and equitable prosperity. Limited liability
means power without responsibility and it is spreading fast. Originally a privilege only of publicly–
quoted corporations, it has recently been extended to partnerships

** Due Saturday. Upload By Noon If Finished Them.. Maya
** due SATURDAY. Upload by NOON if finished them.
Maya Schneiderman
POLS 4505 H
Dr. Fanis
April 19, 2017
Draft 5 Research Proposal Draft
Research Question & Introduction:
What is the relationship between how a public health issue is framed and how efficiently a
Multinational Corporation can be held accountable? Using the case studies of the Tobacco Industry
and the case specific Fossil Fuel Industry, ExxonMobil, I intend to research the impacts of the
impact framing an issue framed has on the effectiveness of holding an industry accountable for their
violations. To determine how the issue was framed in the eyes of society, I will try to establish the
various actors involved in constructing a dialogue on the issue of public health and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Subsequently, the Tobacco Industry attempted to foster the belief there were health benefits to
smoking tobacco. In addition to not releasing the information, both corporations conducted denial
campaigns to cover–up the evidence they had secretly found in order to keep their businesses
unaffected. During the time of the denial of the poor health effects associated with smoking on
public health and of the denial of man–induced global warming, these two industries did not
properly communicate the health risks to consumers. These unique legal entities, as Multinational
Corporations, have the ability to dodge repercussions for their violations due to their locations in
various countries.
Multinational Corporations (or MNC's) are businesses with operations placed in various countries
other than the home country where all functions are managed. Traditionally, it is up to the federal
government to prevent these entities from abusing their power and violating International Law by
implementing regulations. However, because of their transnational status, MNC's are separate from
the government, the state, and society; giving them the ability to act outside of public standards.
This has caused problems in the international realm as it frees up opportunity for corporations to
abuse their power due to a serious

Aspects Of Transnational It Operations
Aspects of Transnational IT Operations
The social, economic, and technological market places are incorporating information technology
(IT) systems in many countries that support the activities of a business. Competition throughout
several industries have brought about many new changes, but specifically, a growth of transnational
opportunities. "A transnational business conducts operations in several countries with varying
degrees of coordination and integration of strategy and operations" (Basu, n.d., para. 1).
Transnational operations provide companies a way to establish activities that add value to its
business. These activities include various world markets with national similarities as well as
national differences. A strategic management plan should enhance the company's global vision,
sometimes with a modified effect for local markets. Transnational IT operations offer companies
many advantages, but with these rewards also come drawbacks.
Advantages
The following advantages of global networking can positively impact any company that is actively
involved in global marketing. These include:
Lower labor costs as the cost of living and labor are less expensive than in the United States
The use of external skill sets in other countries
Outsourcing repetitive and less challenging tasks to other countries
Business continuity across an entire network when potential issues arise
Continued support for customer service and satisfaction
Efficient network IT resources

Asymmetrical Relationship Between Government And...
In our reading of Illicit by Naim (2005), he suggests that the asymmetrical relationship between the
government and transnational crime groups create a struggle for the government to respond to these
transnational crimes at a decent rate (Naim,2005). On the other side our reading in McMafia: A
Journey Through the Global Criminal Underworld by Glenny (2009), suggest otherwise. Glenny
(2009) suggests that of a relationship between transnational crime groups, the public, the
government and this is a huge aspect to how the government responds to these factors. Both
perspectives contain their strengths and weaknesses, however the dependency theory by Glenny has
more valid points than that of the asymmetrical theory by Naim.
The asymmetrical theory by Naim says that the differences between the government and that of
transnational crime creates asymmetry (Naim,2005). Different government agencies are organized
in a hierarchical relationship that functions consistently from the top to the bottom (Naim,2005).
Governments must often follow legal processes that take up time and cost money. These
governments are forced to follow budget constraints, as well as legal and political reservation
(Naim,2005). These governments must operate within the control of their constitution. In
comparison, these transnational crime groups operate in less harsh structures, and are able to have
more flexibility in their decision–making, as well as have unlimited funds available to them. The
government's

Globalization and Corporate Social Responsibility
Globalization and Corporate Social Responsibility
Events in resent history have made a clear statement to the executives of the world that
Globalization and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are tightly linked in projecting a positive
brand image. Most of the negative publicity surrounding the globalization debate is directed at one
key area, the perceived lack of corporate social responsibility in the business culture of the
developed world. The European Commission defines Corporate Social Responsibility as, "a concept
whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in
their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis."(European) As the heat is turned up on
firms, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The overwhelming facts point to a shady underworld of self–dealing and opportunistic exploitation
of the poor and working class, which was until recently, well hidden from the commoner. The
executives of WorldCom and Enron provide real world examples of unethical business practices,
where the desire to make money for their shareholders transcended into an addiction to greed and
self–dealing that were displayed by their, "excessive pay, perks, and golden parachutes"(Carson
392) at the expense of all stakeholders. All is not lost, there are corporations that pride themselves in
their sound business model and commitment to ethical business practices. Such companies as Eaton
Corporation, and Weyerhaeuser, who according to Ethisphere.com, a business ethics watchdog, are
among the "2010 World`s most ethical companies." (Ethisphere)
Substandard working conditions in the less developed world are usually described as terrible places
where employees are subjected to both mental and physical abuse, near impossible quotas, long
hours, extremely low wages, and unsafe working conditions compared to western standards. All of
this within an uninhabitable environment that corporations knowingly force the world's
impoverished people to submit to. Through pure ignorance, complete disregard, or lack of moral
direction, many corporations have taken the concept of

The Theory Of Corporate Social Responsibility

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