More Related Content Similar to chapter5.ppt (20) More from ssuserbea996 (20) chapter5.ppt2. Consider this …
Aspects of nonverbal communication
make it possible . . . For receivers to be
mistaken in interpreting a message,
especially if the receiver perceives that
message as having been sent on purpose.
A shrug meant to convey “I don’t know”
may have been interpreted as “I don’t
care.”
Hickson, Stacks, & Moore, Nonverbal Communication, Roxbury, 2004, p. 15
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3. Non-Verbal Misunderstanding
Read or describe the case study
Answer the following questions:
Who was most responsible for the misunderstanding?
Which type of gesture best describes the hook ‘em horns
sign?
How important a role a misunderstanding over a gesture
such as this one would play in international affairs.
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Hook ‘em Horns Case Study
5. Culture & Nonverbal Behavior
Technical Level —Rules are
openly and knowingly stated
Formal Level—rules known;
reasons not known
Informal Level—neither rules nor
reasons known; behaviors
unconsciously learned
Three levels of culture . . .
NOVA
Development
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6. Nonverbal Communication
Facial expressions & eye contact
Body movements & gestures
Clothing & personal appearance
Distance & personal space
Physical environment
Time
Types include . . .
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7. Facial Expression
Face is responsible for most meaning
Basic expressions (happiness, surprise,
fear) are fairly universal
Subtle expressions difficult to interpret
Expressions differ across cultures
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Which face is showing
elation? Dread? Fear?
8. Eye Contact
Shows interest and attentiveness
Signals wish to participate
Controls & persuades others
In American culture . . .
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9. Movements & Gestures
Emblems
Illustrators
Regulators
Adaptors
Types include . . .
Which type of gesture is
this Police Officer
using?
Ronald
Martinez/Getty
Images
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10. Clothing & Appearance
Determines credibility, persuasiveness,
status & hiring decisions
Affects public perception of organizations
Is problematic (i.e., Casual Confusion
Syndrome)
Dress-down basics recommended
Appropriate business & professional clothing . . .
Christopher
Robbins
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11. Distance & Personal Space
Intimate Distance: Contact – 18 inches
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Hall’s distance categories . . .
12. Distance & Personal Space
Intimate Distance: Contact – 18 inches
Personal Distance: 18 inches to 4 feet
Copyright Cengage © 2011 12
Hall’s distance categories . . .
13. Distance & Personal Space
Intimate Distance: Contact to 18 inches
Personal Distance: 18 inches to 4 feet
Social Distance: 4 to 12 feet
Public Distance: 12 Feet or more
Copyright Cengage © 2011 13
Hall’s distance categories . . .
14. Physical Environment
Reveals the characteristics of the owner
Color affects emotional response
Lighting and room size alter
communication
Odor can stir emotions
Ergonomics can affect
physical well-being
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15. Time
Most business conducted on
informal level
Status determines sequences of
lateness
Time spent signals significance
Perceptions of time depend on
cultural background
NOVA
Development
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16. Revising the Case Study
What specific types of
non-verbal
communication could
have helped President
Bush and the government
officials defuse the
misunderstanding over
Bush’s use of the hook
‘em horns gesture?
Copyright Cengage © 2011 16
17. Nonverbal Status Symbols
Include . . .
Clothing (i.e., tie & jacket)
Darker colors
Office size, location, & interior
arrangement
Powerful nonverbal behaviors
Time
Gestures What gives this office status?
NOVA
Development
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18. Nonverbal Signs of Power
Expansive, confident movements
Tall, upright standing posture
Relaxed, affable, familiar behavior
Ability to turn one’s back
on others
Comfortable, relaxed seated
positions
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Carr-Ruffino 1997
19. Nonverbal Signs of Weakness
Small controlled movements
Bowed posture; hands covering face
Tenseness, vigilance
Hesitantly standing or sitting
forward
Playing with an object or nervous
foot or leg shaking
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Carr-Ruffino 1997
20. Culture Shock
International cultures often use
unexpected nonverbal symbols and
meanings.
Inadequate training given to expatriates:
--65% companies provide no training
--40% return home before scheduled time
Result: Culture shock!
And international business transactions . . .
AP/Wide
World
Photos
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21. Expectancy Violations Theory
How people respond when nonverbal
expectations are not met
Involved all nonverbal behaviors
Expectations are violated more when
people come from a culture we are not
familiar with
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According to Burgoon’s theory . . .
22. Immediacy Behaviors
Verbal behaviors – humor, personal
examples, using “we” & “our”
Vocal behaviors – good volume,
pitch, & vocal expressiveness
Visual behaviors – smiles,
eye contact, relaxed
posture, moving around
“Promoting a feeling of closeness” by . . .
©
Jason
Harr
is
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23. Improving Nonverbal Skills
Develop awareness of nonverbal differences
Do not judge others according to own
nonverbal meanings
Do not assign nonverbal meanings out of
context
Observe your nonverbal behavior on
videotape or ask others for feedback
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