1. Describe physical security threats to the United States as a result of the breakdown of SCADA control systems.
2. What are the physical security threats to the United States, your state, and your hometown?
3. In your opinion, is the United States prepared for such a critical infrastructure collapse?
Think of a time that you felt you
were not being heard. What made
you feel that way?
Listening and Critical
Thinking
Communication Skills
LISTENING IS
IMPORTANT
• CEOs, politicians, teachers
• +60% errors
• Practice listening
• 44% of time listening
Objectives
• Understand listening is a process
• Barriers to listening
• The 4 types of listening
• Become a better listener
Listening is
a process
Stage 1: Receiving
Physiological Mental
Stage 1: Receiving/Hear and Attend
Automatic/Selective Attention
Stage 2: Understanding
Working Memory: Makes sense of the stimuli
Stage 3:
Remembering
Short-term: temporary
Long-term: schemas
Remembering
We remember 50% immediately after hearing it
We remember 35% after eight hours
We remember 25% after two months
Stages 4 and 5
Interpreting/Evaluating
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpaOjMXyJGk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpaOjMXyJGk
Stage 6:
Responding
What are your two strongest areas of the listening
stages? Why?
Barriers to Listening
Physical
Mental
Multi-tasking
Noise
Barriers to Listening
Factual distractions
Semantic distractions
Noise
120-150 WPM
400-800 WPM
Barriers to Listening
Perception of others
Status
Stereotypes
Jumping to conclusions
Barriers to Listening
Yourself
Egocentrism
Defensiveness
Superiority
Personal bias
Psuedolistening
Four types of Listening
• Appreciative
• Empathic
• Comprehensive
• Critical
Become a
better
listener
BY
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
https://www.ted.com/talks/julian_treasure_5_ways_to_listen_better
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
http://coutequecoute.blogspot.com/2012/08/odeur-ss2013-plain.html
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
https://www.ted.com/talks/julian_treasure_5_ways_to_listen_better
Recognize differences in listening
WOMEN
• To understand
• Like complex
• Highly perceptive
• Attentive, eye contact
• Signals agreement
MEN
• To take action
• Like concise, unambiguous
• Don’t recognize
• Less, glances,
• Switch topics
Purpose
Preferences
List. Awareness
NV
Interrupt
Listen and think critically
• Analyzing the speaker, the situation, and the speaker’s ideas to make
critical judgments about the message being presented
• Situation: staff meeting after a huge layoff
• Source credibility: perception of competence
• Message
• Data: facts and evidence
• Claim: Overall point
• Warrant: Reasoning made for bridge b/w data and claim
Use nonverbal communication effectively
• Demonstrate bodily responsiveness (head nods, etc.)
• Lean forward
• Use direct body orientation and open po ...
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1. Describe physical security threats to the United States as a re.docx
1. 1. Describe physical security threats to the United States as a
result of the breakdown of SCADA control systems.
2. What are the physical security threats to the United States,
your state, and your hometown?
3. In your opinion, is the United States prepared for such a
critical infrastructure collapse?
Think of a time that you felt you
were not being heard. What made
you feel that way?
Listening and Critical
Thinking
Communication Skills
LISTENING IS
IMPORTANT
• CEOs, politicians, teachers
• +60% errors
2. • Practice listening
• 44% of time listening
Objectives
• Understand listening is a process
• Barriers to listening
• The 4 types of listening
• Become a better listener
Listening is
a process
Stage 1: Receiving
Physiological Mental
Stage 1: Receiving/Hear and Attend
Automatic/Selective Attention
Stage 2: Understanding
3. Working Memory: Makes sense of the stimuli
Stage 3:
Remembering
Short-term: temporary
Long-term: schemas
Remembering
We remember 50% immediately after hearing it
We remember 35% after eight hours
We remember 25% after two months
Stages 4 and 5
Interpreting/Evaluating
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpaOjMXyJGk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpaOjMXyJGk
Stage 6:
Responding
What are your two strongest areas of the listening
stages? Why?
4. Barriers to Listening
Physical
Mental
Multi-tasking
Noise
Barriers to Listening
Factual distractions
Semantic distractions
Noise
120-150 WPM
400-800 WPM
Barriers to Listening
Perception of others
Status
Stereotypes
Jumping to conclusions
Barriers to Listening
Yourself
Egocentrism
5. Defensiveness
Superiority
Personal bias
Psuedolistening
Four types of Listening
• Appreciative
• Empathic
• Comprehensive
• Critical
Become a
better
listener
BY
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-
ND
https://www.ted.com/talks/julian_treasure_5_ways_to_listen_be
tter
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
http://coutequecoute.blogspot.com/2012/08/odeur-ss2013-
plain.html
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
https://www.ted.com/talks/julian_treasure_5_ways_to_listen_be
tter
6. Recognize differences in listening
WOMEN
• To understand
• Like complex
• Highly perceptive
• Attentive, eye contact
• Signals agreement
MEN
• To take action
• Like concise, unambiguous
• Don’t recognize
• Less, glances,
• Switch topics
Purpose
Preferences
List. Awareness
NV
Interrupt
7. Listen and think critically
• Analyzing the speaker, the situation, and the speaker’s ideas
to make
critical judgments about the message being presented
• Situation: staff meeting after a huge layoff
• Source credibility: perception of competence
• Message
• Data: facts and evidence
• Claim: Overall point
• Warrant: Reasoning made for bridge b/w data and claim
Use nonverbal communication effectively
• Demonstrate bodily responsiveness (head nods, etc.)
• Lean forward
• Use direct body orientation and open positions
• Maintain relaxed but alert posture
• Establish direct eye contact
• Sit or stand close to speaker
• Be vocally responsive
• Provide supportive utterances
Use verbal communication effectively
• Invite additional comments
• Ask Questions
• Identify areas of commonality
8. • Vary verbal responses
• Provide clear, concrete responses
• Avoid complete silence
• Don’t interrupt
Check your understanding
• Ask questions for clarification
• Paraphrase the speaker’s message and intent
• Identify areas of confusion
• Invite clarification and correction
• Go back to the beginning
Effective listening in different situations
• Workplace
• Nuggets, Source, Slow down, Feedback
• Classroom
• Application, Openness, Practice, Main Ideas
• Media
• Information literacy (locate, evaluate, and effectively use
• Second language
• Vocabulary comprehension, metacognitive awareness
Ways to be an ethical listener
• Recognize the sources of your own conversational habits
9. • Recognize when you are engaging in poor listening behaviors
• Apply general ethical principles to how you respond
• Adapt to others
Can you?
• Identify different stages in the listening process
• Describe some of the barriers to listening
• Summarize 4 types of listening
• Demonstrate ways to improve your listening
When
people
talk, listen
completely
Slide Number 1Listening and Critical ThinkingListening is
ImportantObjectivesListening is a processSlide Number 6Slide
Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide
Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number
14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Become a
better listenerRecognize differences in listeningListen and think
criticallyUse nonverbal communication effectivelyUse verbal
communication effectivelyCheck your understandingEffective
listening in different situationsWays to be an ethical listenerCan
you?When people talk, listen completely
11. minutes each):
a. Standing far apart
b. Standing very close together, face to face (almost touching)
c. Both of you sitting down
d. One person standing up, the other person sitting down
(change
places so that each person fulfills both roles)
e. One person talking while the other person nonverbally
communicates that he/she is not listening (change places so that
each person fulfills both roles)
f. One person talking while the other person nonverbally
communicates that he/she is actively listening (change places so
that each person fulfills both roles)
1. Was there any position that you felt very uncomfortable
communicating
in? Why (or why not)?
2. Specifically, how did you feel when you were sitting down
while talking to
your partner, who was standing up? Do you think other people
would have
felt the same way? Why or why not?
3. When you tried to communicate that you were not listening to
your
partner, what nonverbal cues did you use? Do you think they
effectively
communicated your (feigned) disinterest? What did your partner
do during
this time that caused you to believe your nonverbal