This document discusses occupational marks and their forensic significance in personal identification. It defines occupational marks as physical marks produced on a person's body from the type of work they do. Temporary marks include paint or chemical residues, while permanent marks include thickened skin or calluses. Occupational marks can indicate a person's profession and help identify unknown victims, especially when other identifying features are damaged or missing. They provide clues to narrow the search for a victim's identity in disasters. While useful for forensics, workplace health surveillance collecting such data is still limited in India compared to other countries.

2. Occupation Marks
Presented By-
P.Revathy
AFRS Volunteers

3. Contents-
•Introduction
•Definition-Occupational marks
•Identification of occupational marks
•Forensic significance
•Conclusion

4. Introduction
• Personal identification is defined as establishing the identity
of an individual. The need for personal identification arises in
natural mass disasters like earth quakes, tsunamis, landslides,
floods etc., and in man-made disasters such as terrorist
attacks, bomb blasts, mass murders, and in cases when the
body is highly decomposed or dismembered to deliberately
conceal the identity of the individual.

5. Occupational Hazards
• Physical
• Chemical
• Biological
Study
• Occupational Toxicological
• Occupational Epidemiology
• Workplace Health Surveillance(The National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health)

6. Definition –Occupational marks
• Occupation marks are produced on the skin of a person
in response to the particular type of occupation. These
marks are attained during their line of work which will
be dependent upon the type of work people they do.
These occupation marks assist the investigators in
personal identification of the unknown victim

7. Occupational marks
• Working in chemical hazards • Climbing in coconut tress

8. Identification By Occupational Marks-
• These marks offer help in identification as certain occupation or trade leaves
mark. These marks may be temporary or permanent
• Temporary marks: Paints, dyes or chemical of greases etc. at fingertips in
case of painters, dyers, engineers or mechanic represents. Microscopic
examination of dust or debris under nails beds or in clothes in air wax, may
also aid in identification.
• Permanent marks: Heavy and rough hands are seen in manual laborer.
Tailors may have needle puncture on the left index finger. Thickening of
palmer of fingers is seen on hands of butcher. Certain occupation may
impart color changes hair.
• Eg: Copper smelters have greenish hair, indigo and cobalt miners have
bluish hairs

9. Forensic Significance
• Occupation marks are significant in forensic investigation for
identifying the deceased of mass disasters like earthquake, building
collapse, aircraft crash, explosion etc. when the identification cannot
be done due to facial damage and dismemberment of body parts. They
can be developed on any part of the body depending upon the type of
their occupation, like, in hands, foot, bones, teeth etc.
• DNA analysis helps in identification but sometimes DNA analysis is
not feasible therefore occupation marks help in the identification
process.

10. Occupation marks
• Marks of guitarists(callus
formation)
• Marks of consuming cola in teeth

11. Conclusion
• Occupational marks are an important clue in forensic science,
especially in establishing the identity of unidentified body.
Occupational marks will help in narrowing down the search to
establish the identity. Compared to U.S is the ongoing systematic
collection, analysis, and dissemination of exposure and health data on
groups of workers, according to India there is less members are
working in workplace health surveillance it is lacking in forensics
aspects.

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