1. SMK SERI KERAMAT
RANCANGAN PELAJARAN TAHUNAN
BIOLOGI
TINGKATAN 4
MONTH/
WEEK
THEME &
LEARNING AREA
JAN
THEME : INTRODUCING
BIOLOGY
1
LEARNING AREA:
1.0. INTRODUCTION TO
BIOLOGY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES/LEARNING
OUTCOMES
1.1. Memahami kajian Biologi
• Nyatakan apakah kajian Biologi
• Terangkan kepentingan biologi
• Senaraikan bidang pengajian yang berbeza dalam Biologi
• Senaraikan kerjaya yang berkaitan dengan Biologi
1.2. Mengaplikasikan penyiasatan saintifik
•  mengenal pasti pembolehubah dalam keadaan tertentu ,
• mengenal pasti hubungan antara
dua pembolehubah untuk membentuk hipotesis,
• Reka bentuk dan menjalankan eksperimen mudah untuk
menguji hipotesis,
•  rekod dan persembahkan data dalam bentuk yang sesuai ,
•  mentafsir data untuk membuat kesimpulan ,
• menulis laporan mengenai eksperimen
•  mengamalkan sikap saintifik dan nilai murni.
2
THEME :
INVESTIGATING THE
CELL AS A BASIC UNIT
OF LIVING THINGS
LEARNING AREA.
1.0. CELLSTRUCTURE
AND CELL
ORGANISATION
3
1.1. Memahami struktur sel dan fungsi
• Lukis dan labelkan satu sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan
• Mengenal pasti komponen sel haiwan dan tumbuhan sel
• Nyatakan fungsi komponen bagi sel haiwan dan tumbuhan
• Bandingkan dan bezakan haiwan dan tumbuhan sel
• Kaitkan kepadatan organel tertentu dengan fungsi specific
sel
N
OT
ES

2. 1.1. Understanding cell structure and functions
Draw and label an animal cell and a plant cell
Identify cell components of animal and plant cell
State function of cell components if animal and plant cell
Compare and contrast animal and plant cell
Relate the density of certain organelles with the functions of
specific cell
1.2. Memahami organisasi sel
• Nyatakan keperluan untuk pengkhususan sel dalam
organisma multisel berbanding organisma unisel
• Terangkan pengkhususan sel dalam organisma multisel
• Terangkan organisasi sel dalam pembentukan tisu, organ ,
dan sistem dalam organisma multisel
• Nyatakan maksud persekitaran dalaman
• Mengenal pasti faktor yang mempengaruhi persekitaran
dalaman
• Terangkan kepentingan untuk mengekalkan persekitaran
dalaman yang optimum
• Terangkan penglibatan pelbagai sistem dalam mengekalkan
persekitaran dalaman yang optimum
1.3. Menghargai keunikan sel
• Meramalkan keadaan sel-sel tertentu tanpa komponen sel
tertentu
• Menggambarkan bahawa kebanyakan sel-sel adalah spesifik
bagi tugas yang dilakukan
4
FEB
5
LEARNING AREA :
2.0. MOVEMENT OF
SUBSTANCES
ACROSS THE
PLASMA
MEMBRANE
2.1. Menganalisa pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma
•  menyatakan bahan-bahan yang perlu disingkirkan daripada
sel-sel,
•  menerangkankan kepentingan bagi pergerakan bahan merentasi
membran plasma ,
•  menjelaskan struktur membran plasma ,
•  menjelaskan ketelapan membran plasma ,
• menerangkan pergerakan bahan larutan merentasi membran
plasma melalui proses pengangkutan pasif,
•  menerangkan pergerakan molekul air merentasi membran
plasma melalui osmosis ,
menerangkankan pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma
melalui proses pengangkutan aktif ,
• menerangkan proses pengangkutan pasif dalam organisma hidup
menggunakan contoh-contoh ,
•  terangkan proses pengangkutan aktif dalam organisma hidup
menggunakan contoh bandingkan dan bezakan pengangkutan
pasif dan pengangkutan aktif.
2.2. Understanding the movement of substances across the plasma
membrane in everyday life

3. explain what hypotonic,hypertonic and isotonic
solutions are,
explain the effects of hypotonic,hypertonic and
isotonic solutions on plant cell and animal cell,
explain plasmolysis, deplasmolysis, haemolysis and
crenation,
design an experiment to determine the concentration
of external solution which is isotonic to cell sap make
an inference on the concentration of cell sap in plant
tissues,
relate the movement of substances across plasma
membrane with concentration gradient,
explain the phenomenon of wilting in plants using
examples,
explain the preservation of food using examples.
2.3. Appreciating the movement of substances across the plasma
membrane
explain the necessity of movement of substances
across the plasma membrane which occurs in a
continuous and controlled manner for survival of a
cell.
6
LEARNING AREA:
2.0. CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
OF THE CELL
3.1. Understanding the chemical composition of the cell
state the elements in the cell,
list the chemical compounds in the cell,
explain the importance of organic compounds in the
cell, explain the importance of water in the cell.
3.2. Understanding carbohydrates
state the elements in carbohydrates,
state the types of carbohydrates,
explain the formation and breakdown of
disaccharides and polysaccharides.
3.3. Understanding proteins
state the elements in proteins,
state the various structures of proteins,
explain the formation and breakdown of dipeptides
and polypeptides,
explain the meaning of essential amino acids and
non-essential amino acids.
3.4. Understanding lipids
state the elements in lipids,
state the main types of lipids,
7
3.5. Understanding enzymes

4. state what enzymes are,
explain why enzymes are needed in life processes,
list the general characteristics of enzymes,
relate the name of enzyme to substrate,
state sites where enzymes are synthesised,
state the meaning of intracellular enzymes and
extracellular enzymes,
explain the involvement of specific organelles in the
production of extracellular enzymes,
explain the effects of pH, temperature, enzyme
concentration, and substrate concentration on
enzyme activity,
explain the mechanism of enzyme action,
relate the mechanism of enzyme action with pH,
temperature, enzyme concentration and substrate
concentration,
explain the uses of enzymes in daily life and industry
using examples.
8
3.6. Realising the importance of the chemical composition in cells
predict the consequences of deficiency in
carbohydrates, protein, lipids or enzymes in the cell
MAC
9
10
Penilaian Kurikulum 1
LEARNING AREA:
4.0. CELL DIVISION
11
12
Cuti Peretengahan Penggal 1
4.1. Understanding mitosis
state the necessity for the production of new cells in
organisms,
explain the necessity for the production of new cells
identical to parent cells,
state the significance of mitosis,
identify the phases in the cell cycle,
explain the process of mitosis and cytokinesis,
arrange the various stages of mitosis in the correct
sequence,
compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis in
animal cell and plant cell explain the importance of
controlled mitosis,
explain the effects of uncontrolled mitosis in living
things,
describe the application of knowledge on mitosis in
cloning,
explain the advantages and disadvantages of
cloning.
4.2. Understanding meiosis
state the necessity of trait inheritance in offspring for
continuation of life,
state the necessity to maintain diploid chromosomal

5. number from generation to generation,
state the necessity for production of haploid gametes
in sexual reproduction,
state the significance of meiosis,
identify the type of cell that
undergoes meiosis,
explain the process of meiosis,
arrange the various stages of meiosis in the correct
order,
compare and contrast meiosis Iand meiosis II,
compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis.
4.3. Appreciating the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and
meiosis
describe what will happen when the movement of
chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis do not
occur in an orderly manner, know and avoid things
that maybe harmful.
APRIL
13
THEME :
INVESTIGATING THE
PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING
THINGS
LEARNING AREA:
1.0. NUTRITION
14
15
16
1.1. Understanding types of nutrition
explain autotrophic nutrition,
explain heterotrophic nutrition,
classify organisms according to the types of
nutrition.
1.2. Applying the concept of balanced diet
explain the necessity for a balanced diet,
explain the factors affecting the daily energy
requirement of the human body,
determine the energy value in food samples,
determine the nutrient content in different food
samples,
explain the functions and sources of vitamins in a
diet to maintain health,
explain the functions and sources of minerals in a
diet to maintain health,
explain the functions and sources of roughage /
dietary fibre in a diet,
explain the functions of water in the body,
justify the selection of an appropriate balanced diet
for a target group.
1.3. Understanding malnutrition
Mei
17
explain what malnutrition is,
explain the effects of malnutrition using examples,
describe ways to reduce the chance of contracting
certain health problems due to one’s diet,
describe ways to reduce the effects of certain health
problems.

6. 1.4. Analyzing food digestion
state the substances required by the cell to carry out
metabolic processes,
list the complex substances that need to be digested,
explain the necessity for digestion of complex
substances,
draw and label the human digestive system,
18
1.5. Understanding the processes of absorption and assimilation of
digested food
19-20
Peperiksaan Pertengahan
Tahun
identify the parts of the digestive system involved in
absorption of digested food,
explain the adaptive characteristic of the digestive
system related to absorption,
draw and label the structure of a villus,
explain the process of absorption in the villus,
make an analogy on the process of absorption in the
small intestine,
explain the absorption of water and minerals in the
colon,
describe the transport of nutrients by the circulatory
system for assimilation,
1.6. Understanding the formation of faeces and defecation
identify the part of the digestive system where the
formation of faeces takes place,
describe the formation of faeces,
explain the role of microorganisms in the colon and
the effect of antibiotics on them,
explain what defecation is,
explain the importance of defecation,
explain the importance of high fibre diets,
describe the problems related to defecation.
1.7. Evaluating eating habits
relate eating habits with health problems,
evaluate critically whether a particular eating habit is
good or bad.
1.8. Realizing the importance of a healthy digestive system
predict the effects of a defective digestive system on
health,
take care of the digestive system for one’s wellbeing.
JUN

7. 21-22
Cuti Pertengahan Tahun
23
1.9Understanding the importance of macronutrients and micronutrients in plants
list elements required by plants,
classify elements required by plants based on the
amount needed,
design an experiment to study the effects of
macronutrient deficiency in plants, relate the effects
of macronutrient deficiency with the function of
macronutrients,
24
1.10 Understanding photosynthesis
describe the development that leads to the discovery
of photosynthesis,
state the substances required for photosynthesis,
state the substances produced from photosynthesis,
draw and label the cross section of a leaf,
state the function of each part of the leaf with
respect to photosynthesis,
explain leaf adaptation to optimise photosynthesis,
explain how plants from different habitats are
adapted to carry out photosynthesis.
1.11 Understanding the mechanism of photosynthesis
July
25
identify the parts of chloroplast related to
photosynthesis,
explain the light reaction of photosynthesis, explain
the dark reaction of photosynthesis,
compare and contrast light reaction and dark
reaction in photosynthesis, relate light reaction with
dark reaction in photosynthesis,
write an equation to represent the process of
photosynthesis.
1.12 Synthesising factors
affecting photosynthesis
26
27
Monthly Test 2
identify the factors affecting the rate of
photosynthesis,
design an experiment to investigate the effect of
light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis, identify
the factor that limits the rate of photosynthesis at
different light intensity, explain the effects of
temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide on
the rate of photosynthesis,
explain the difference in the rate of photosynthesis in
plants throughout the day based on the changes in
light intensity and temperature,
identify some ways to meet the need of increasing
the productivity of crops based on factors affecting
the rate of photosynthesis.

8. 1.13 Practising a caring attitude towards plants
tell why we need to take good care of plants, identify
cases of mishandling or destruction of plants.
1.14 Understanding the technology used in food
production
explain the need for improving the quality and
quantity of food,
explain the effort to diversify food production,
explain ways to improve the quality and quantity of
food production in the country.
1.15 Evaluating the technological
development in food
processing
explain the necessity for food processing,
describe the development of food processing
technology,relate food processing methods with
factors causing food spoilage,
assess the methods of food processing to justify the
choice of consuming certain processed food.
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LEARNING AREA:
2.0 RESPIRATION
state that all living processes require energy,
identify the main substrate for producing energy,
state the two types of respiration,
explain what cell respiration is,
explain the energy production
from glucose during the process of aerobic
respiration,
state the conditions leading to anaerobic respiration
in cells,
explain the process of anaerobic respiration in
yeast,
explain the process of anaerobic
respiration in human muscles,
write the chemical equations for aerobic and
anaerobic respiration,
compare and contrast aerobic respiration with
anaerobic respiration.
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30
2.1 Understanding the respiratory
process in energy
production
Penilaian Kurikulum 2
2.2 Analysing the respiratory structures and breathing mechanisms in human and
animal
state the respiratory structures in human and some animals,
make an inference on the various adaptations of the
respiratory structures,
describe the characteristics of respiratory surfaces in

9. human and other organisms,
describe the breathing mechanism in human and other
organisms,
compare and contrast the human respiratory system with
that of other organisms.
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2.3 Understanding the concept of gaseous exchange across the respiratory surfaces
and transport and gases in human
32
describe the process of gaseous exchange across the
surface of the alveolus and blood capillaries in the lungs,
explain the transport of respiratory gases,
explain the process of gaseous exchange between the blood
and body cells,
distinguish the composition of inhaled and exhaled air.
Cuti Pertengahan Penggal 2
33
2.4 Understanding the regulatory mechanism in respiration
describe the change in rate of respiration after completing a
vigorous exercise,
correlate the rate of respiration with the oxygen and carbon
dioxide content in the body,
explain the regulatory mechanism of oxygen and carbon
dioxide content in the
body,
explain the human respiratory response and rate of
respiration in different situations,
correlate the rate of respiration with the rate of heart
beat.
2.5 Realising the importance of maintaining of healthy respiratory system
care and maintain efficient function of the respiratory
organs.
2.6 Understanding respiration in
Plants
describe the energy requirement in plants,
explain the intake of oxygen for respiration,
explain aerobic respiration in plants,
explain anaerobic respiration in plants under certain
conditions
compare and contrast the process of photosynthesis
and respiration,
explain what compensation point is,
relate light intensity with the
attainment of compensation point, predict the
situation when the rate of photosynthesis and rate of
respiration remains at compensation point.
THEME:
INVESTIGATING
1.1 Understanding the abiotic and biotic components of the environment
identify the abiotic components of an ecosystem,

10. THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN LIVING
THINGS AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
LEARNING AREA:
1.0 DYNAMIC
identify the biotic components of an ecosystem,
classify biotic components into trophic levels,
explain the interactions between biotic components
in relation to feeding, using examples,
explain the interaction between biotic components in
relation to competition, using examples.
ECOSYSTEM
1.2 Understanding the processes of colonisation and succession in an ecosystem
34
state what an ecosystem is,
identify the niche, habitat, community and population
of an ecosystem,
explain the process of colonisation,
explain the process of succession,
identify the pioneer species in an ecosystem,
identify the successors in an ecosystem,
identify the dominant species in an ecosystem,
identify the adaptive characteristics of pioneer species,
identify the adaptive characteristics of successors,
explain the changes in habitat caused by pioneer species,
explain the changes in habitat caused by successors at
every level of succession until a climax community is
reached,
relate the abiotic components with the biotic components in
an ecosystem during the processes of colonisation and
succession.adaptive characteristics –
1.3 Synthesising idea on population ecology
35
identify the appropriate sampling technique to study
the population size of an organism,
estimate the population size of an organism in a
habitat, determine the distribution of organisms in a
habitat based on the density, frequency and
percentage coverage of the species,
correlate the change in population distribution of an
organism with the changes in each of the abiotic
factors,
design an experiment to investigate the effect of
achange in any one of the abiotic factors on the
population growth rate of an organism.
1.4 Understanding the concept of Biodiversity
explain the meaning of biodiversity,
explain the need for classification of organisms,
state the five kingdoms used in the classification of
organisms,
identify the main characteristics of organisms in
each kingdom,
list examples of organisms in each kingdom,
state the hierarchy in the classification of organisms,

11. using examples,
explain through examples, the method of naming
organisms using the Linnaeus binomial system,
explain the importance of biodiversity.
1.5 Understanding the impact of microorganisms on life
classify various types of microorganisms based on
their basic characteristics,
state the abiotic components affecting the activity of
microorganisms,
explain the effect of a change in each abiotic
component on the activity of microorganisms,
explain the role of useful microorganisms,
explain the effect of harmful micro-organisms,
explain the meaning of pathogen,
identify the pathogen, vector and symptoms of one
particular disease,
explain how the disease spreads,
describe the methods for controlling pathogen,
explain the use of microorganisms in biotechnology,
using examples.
1.6 Appreciating biodiversity
justify the importance of preservation and
conservation of biodiversity.
preserve and conserve various living things around
him/her.
36
OKT
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38
LEARNING AREA:
2.0 ENDANGERED
ECOSYSTEM
2.1 Evaluating human activities that endanger an ecosystem
identify human activities that threaten the ecosystem,
explain the impact of human activities on the ecosystem,
evaluate critically the effects of unplanned development and
mismanagement of the ecosystem,
describe types of pollution and sources of pollution,
explain the effects of pollution on living things and the
environment,
compare and contrast pollutants in the air from different
environments,
state the sources of air pollution,
interpret data on the level of air pollution in some cities,
make an inference on the sources of air pollution in some
cities,
interpret data on the level of water pollution in some rivers,
make an inference on the sources of water pollution in some
rivers, predict the level of air and water pollution in a
particular location within the next ten years,
suggest strategies to solve problems related to air and water
pollution in a particular location within the next ten years.

12. 2.2 Understanding the green house effect and thinning of the ozone layer
explain what greenhouse effect is,
correlate the concentration of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere with global warming,
explain the thinning of the ozone layer,
explain the impact of thinning of the ozone layer and
global warming on the ecosystem.
2.3 Realizing the importance of proper management of development activities
and
the ecosystem
39
Peperiksaan Akhir Tahun
justify the need for development,
explain the effects of increase in population on the
ecosystem,
explain measures taken in the management of development
activities and the ecosystem to ensure a balance of nature is
maintained.
care for the ecosystem, participate in activities related to the
management of the ecosystem.
.1. Memahami kajian
Biologi
• Nyatakan kajian Biologi adalah
• Terangkan kepentingan biologi
• Senaraikan bidang pengajian yang berbeza dalam Biologi
• Senaraikan kerjaya yang berkaitan dengan Biologi
1.2. memohon saintifik
siasatan
•  mengenal pasti pemboleh ubah dalam keadaan tertentu ,
• mengenal pasti hubungan antara

13. • dua pembolehubah untuk membentuk hipotesis,
• Reka bentuk dan menjalankan eksperimen mudah untuk menguji hipotesis,
•  rekod dan data di dalam bentuk yang sesuai ,
•  mentafsir data untuk membuat kesimpulan ,
• menulis laporan mengenai percubaan,
•  mengamalkan sikap saintifik dan nilai murni.