Chapter 1

1. CHAPTER1: TRANSPORT
1
Living organisms require substances like o……………and n……………..for cell activities and produce waste products that
must be removed.
2
Complex multicellular organisms face problems to acquire useful substances and remove toxic substances because
a)
Size of body is l………………….
b)
TSA/V ratio is s………………………
i)
The bigger the size of body the more o…….. …. And n…………….is required
and more w………………..have to be removed from cells..
ii) Cells are located far in the body.
iii) Therefore d………………………..alone not enough for all cell activities.
3
A circulatory system involves
•
Flow of fluid through ..........................and ................................
•
Allow exchange of……………………,………………………..and………………………..
4
Components of the human circulatory system are……………………..,…………………………and………………………
5
Medium of transport in humans is………………………. and in insects is………………………………….
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2. 6
Human
blood
Erythrocytes
Leucocytes
Shape
Shape
Produced by
………….. and
destroyed at
Produced by and
…………………..d
estroyed at
Survive for
…………….days
Platelet
Water
Shape
Survive for
……………….
days
Survive for
………………..
days
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2

3. Blood
function
Circulatory System in Insects
1 In insects haemolymph is found in the …………………………………………..
2 Nutrient in the haemolymph ………………………. into cells and excretory product is transported by
haemolymph into the excretory system.
Blood circulatory system in humans
1
Human circulatory system = __________________________________ because blood flows inside
tubes(blood vessels)
2 Types of blood vessels = _________________, _________________and ____________________
a)Artery
Thick
muscular
wall
Small
lumen
Function:
Function:
b) Vein
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4. Valve
Function:
c) Capillary
One cell thick wall
3
4
5
6
Function;
Bllod flows throgh the heart __________ in one cycle..This type of circulation is known as
_________________________________
Oxygenated and deoxgenated blood do not mix in the human heart because of the …………….in the
heart.
The advantage of the mammal heart compared to amphibians and reptiles is that the ……………….. and
the ………………….. do not mix. This ensures all body cells receive sufficient ………………….and
……………………………. Animals with ……………..chambered heart can grow bigger.
The human blood circulatory system is made of the …….. ………..and………………systems.
Human blood
circulatory
system
………………
circulatory
system
…………..
…………
…
…………………..
circulatory system
……………
……………
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5. 7
Blood circulatory
system
Fish
Amphibian
Closed …………………. circulatory
system
…….atrium,…….. ventricle
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Insects
Closed ………………….
circulatory system
Breathe using …….and
…………..
………………….
circulatory system
Blood in the veins flow under …………….pressure because
•
the blood flow from the ………………..to the veins
•
the blood in veins flow against…………………………………..
Blood pressure in the veins increase when………………….muscles around veins contract and
relax. Back flow of blood is prevented by ………………………in the veins
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How Blood is Propelled Through the Human Circulatory System:
a)
Sino-atrial
Node or
…………...
Pumping of the Heart
impulse
Both
……………
Atria …………….
impulse
Both………….......
contract
Bundle of ………
and ………………
Atrioventricular
node
-
Left ventricle wall of heart is ………….. than the right ventricle wall. This enables the left
ventricle to pump blood under high pressure.
Valves.inside the heart prevents ……………………….of blood.
The right ventricle is smaller and not as muscular as the left ventricle. Why? Because it only
has to generate sufficient pressure to pump blood a short diatance from the …………to the
……….
Heart muscle is made up of …………………………cardiac muscles. This means the
contraction of the muscles are not controlled by the………………………..system.
One cardiac cycle = one…………………………..
Average heartbeats per minute is…………………
Regulatory Mechanism of Blood Pressure
5

6. 1
2
3
3
Blood pressure= force of blood exerted on the walls of…………………….
Normal blood pressure is…………………..mmHg
Blood pressure can be measured using a……………………………………..
…………………..
center in medulla
oblongata
…………………..
nerve
Blood pressure
increase
Obesity,
…………..
……………. heartbeat
Normal blood
pressure
………..heartbeat
Blood loss,
…………..
Low blood
pressure
…………………..
center in medulla
oblongata
Blood Clotting
1
Blood clotting at the site of damaged blood vessel is important because:
a.
b.
c.
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7. 2. Complete the flow chart below:
Injury at
Platelets clump
blood vessel
together to……….
the wound
…………………….
released
Vitamin …
………………..forms
meshwork of threads
over wound to trap
………………….
Impaired Blood Clotting Mechanism
Haemophilia
Blood fails to clot because
…………………………………….
Thrombosis
Blood clot in………………………. . When
thrombus moves in blood vessels it is known as
………………… When it is trapped in artery it
blocks blood flow and known as……………….
If coronary artery partially blocked it is can
cause ……………….;
If total blockage
causes…………………………
Lymphatic System
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8. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Substances that diffuse out from the blood circulatory system into spaces between cells are
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
The fluid formed in (1) is called tissue fluid or…………………………
Tissue fluid acts as a ……………………….that provides substances to the cells and vice-versa.
Tissue fluid must be returned to the blood circulatory system to maintain blood
…………………………
If excess tissue fluid not returned to blood circulatory system, it will cause swelling or…………….
Tissue fluid is the ………………………………environment of the body.
Lymphatic system is made up of:
a …………………………….b………………………………c…………………………………
d……………………………...e………………………………f…………………………………
Left side body
Lymph in
capillary
8
Flow into
Right arm ,head
heart
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10
11
12
13
14
Lymph is the same as blood plasma but it has no……………………….,…………………….
and………………………………..
Lymph has more that ……………blood cells than plasma.
……………….%of tissue fluid returns to the blood capillary and …………% more return to
the…………………………….
The tissue fluid that enters the lymph capillary is known as…………………………
At the venules the ......................... pressure of blood is higher than the …………………
pressure of blood.. Therefore tissue fluid returns to capillaries
Function of lymphatic system is as follows:
a)
b)
c)
To return interstitial fluid to the ………………………...
Involved in body defense system because it has a lot of ………………………………….
Transports ...................................and ....................................... from the intestine to the blood
circulatory system
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9. Body’s Defense Mechanism
Body Defence System
………………….
line of defence
Prevents microbes from
entering the body
skin
…………………….
…………………..
…………………..
Barisan pertahanan pertama
Peluh, air liur dan air mata ada
enzim ………………….yg
memusnahkan bacteria
Sebum dirembes oleh kelenjar
minyak mengandungi
asid………………..yg
menghalang pertumbuhan kulat
dan ……………………..
………………….
line of defence
…………………
.line of defence
....................in lymphatic
system and blood
circulatory system
Immune reaction
Phagocytes
like………………………
and…………………….
attack by ……………….
………………….. are
produced by the
lymphocytes
Barisan pertahanan kedua
Leukosit dihasilkan oleh nodus
limfa dan ……………………..
Leukosit terlibat adalah
neutrofil dan …………………..
Leukosit memusnahkan
pathogen secara ………………
Barisan pertahanan ketiga
Keupayaan badan melawan
pathogen dgn. hasilkan
antibody disebut……………….
Protein bendasing dalam badan
disebut……………….
Limfosit bergerakbalas terhadap
antigen dgn hasilkan
………………
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9

10. Keimunan
Keimunan aktif
Keimunan pasif
Keimunan aktif
buatan
Keimunan pasif
buatan
Antibodi dalam badan
dihasilkan setelah
diberi ……………..
Antibodi dalm bentuk
……………..disuntik
kedalam badan pesakit
…
Keimunan aktif
…………………….
Keimunan pasif
…………………..
Antibodi diterima oleh
bayi semasa dalam
uterus dan melalui susu
ibu
Antibodi dalam badan
dihasilkan setelah
sembuh dari …………
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Perbezaan diantara keimunan pasif dan aktif:
Keimunan aktif
Aspek
Keimunan pasif
Tempoh keimunan
Masa untuk menunjukkan
kesan
Cara mendapat keimunan
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14
15
16
Pengimunan bermaksud……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Plasma –fibrinogen = …………………………..
Serum + antibody =………………………….
Antibodi bertindak melalui 3 cara iaitu:
Pengangkutan Dalam Tumbuhan
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11. 1.1 Sistem vascular tumbuhan
1.
2.
Sistem vascular tumbuhan :- …………………………..+………………………..
Peranan xylem i:…………………………………………………………………….
Ii:…………………………………………………………………….
3.
Penyesuaian pada xilem supaya dapat menjalankan fungsi:
i)
ii)
4.
5.
……………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………….
Peranan floem:………………………………………………………………………
Transpirasi bermaksud:……………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………..
6.
Peranan transpirasi:
a)………………………………………………………………………………………
b)………………………………………………………………………………………
7.
3 faktor yang membantu pergerakan air dari akar ke daun: …………………………..
…………………………………….. + …………………………………………
8.
Jelaskan tekanan akar: Daya …………………..yang menyebabkan …… memasuki ……….. dan
naik ke atas.
Air
osmosis
sel rambut akar
sel ……………
endodermis
…………………
9.
10
Jelaskan tindakan kapilari:Tindakan kapilari disebabkan oleh daya ……………+ ……………..
Tindakan kapilari memastikan aliran air yang ber…………………dalam xilem.
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Jelaskan tarikan transpirasi:Daya tarikan air sepanjang …………………….. akibat proses
………………… air daripada daun.
Wap air sejat dari daun
air ditarik dari sel mesofil
tekanan osmosis sel ………….
Sel mesofil berdekatan degn xilem menarik air secara ………………..
air ditarik
dari ………………..ke xilem.
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Pembukaan dan penutupan stoma:
Dua cirri penyasuaian pd sel pengawal:……………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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12. 13
Siang
glukosa dalam sel pengawal bertambah
…………………………meningkat
Molekul air dari sel sebelah meresap ke dalam sel pengawal
sel pengawal
menjadi…………………lalu melengkung. Ia melengkung kerana dinding dalam lebih
…………………..dari dinding luar.
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Faktor-faktor yang pengaruhi transpirasi:
a)
b)
c)
d)
14
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
Bagi setiap factor lakarkan graf
a)
c)
15
b)
d)
Berikan perbezaan antara gutasi dan transpirasi
Aspek
Bentuk
Bahan disingkir
Cara penyingkiran
Masa berlaku
Kesan penyejukan
Jenis tumbuhan
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Transpirasi
Wap air
Gutasi
cecair
Stoma, lentisel
Semua tumbuhan darat
Translokasi bermaksud:…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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