This document provides details about Zoo Negara, the first national zoo in Malaysia. It discusses the history and founding of the zoo, with key facts like its opening in 1963. It also profiles the architect, Kington Loo, who designed many of the zoo's original buildings in a modernist style. The document then analyzes specific buildings at the zoo through sections on site context, architectural style, construction materials, and elements. It identifies the styles as modern, postmodern and traditional Malaysian, and notes materials like steel, glass, concrete and stone.
The National Zoo of Malaysia located in Kuala Lumpur has undergone significant changes and improvements guided by a new master plan. The zoo is reorganizing its facilities and exhibits into coherent zones with clear themes to improve the visitor experience and animal welfare. A new entry plaza and ticketing system have been implemented to better accommodate the zoo's large visitor numbers, which exceed 1 million people annually. The master plan provides a vision and guidelines to evolve the zoo in a coordinated manner over time through planned construction projects.
The key aspects of Islamic architecture in the National Mosque are:
- Mihrab - indicates the qibla wall facing Mecca for prayers
- Minaret - used to call people to prayer
- Domes and arched entrances - common features inspired by Middle Eastern mosques
- Open verandas - provide shade and ventilation suited for Malaysia's climate
- Calligraphy and floral designs - decorative elements emphasizing Sunni beliefs
Overall, the National Mosque incorporates classical Islamic elements like the mihrab, minaret and domes, while adapting to local needs through features like open verandas. Its design reflects Malaysia's predominantly Sunni Islamic traditions.
Jalan Raja Chulan in Kuala Lumpur has historical significance as it was renamed after an important Malay figure and links busy areas of the city. An abandoned building along the road consisting of 8 shophouses from the 1930s originally housed the Eurasian community. A proposal recommends adapting the building into a visitor center to showcase the culture and history of the area through exhibits, performances, and galleries. This would capitalize on the growing number of visitors in the developing commercial district and create a new landmark.
Menara Maybank is a 50-story skyscraper located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia that serves as the headquarters for Malayan Banking Berhad. When completed in 1987, it was the tallest building in Kuala Lumpur. The building is situated in a dense urban area with various transportation options and is well-connected to the surrounding commercial and civic buildings. Landscaping around the building incorporates trees, shrubs, and sculptures that blend it with the sloping topography and integrate it with the pedestrian areas below.
National Mosque Malaysia Precedent Studies Tay Jit Ying
Masjid Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Table Content:
1. Introduction
2. Site Context
3. Architectural Layout and Plan
4. Architectural Style Analysis
5. Construction Process
6. Architectural Elements
This document provides an analysis of the townscapes of Malacca and Georgetown in four parts:
Part 1 examines the colonial histories and key similarities between Malacca and Georgetown, noting their grid urban plans, segregation of races, and "Harmony Streets" cutting through.
Part 2 theorizes the urban development of Kuala Lumpur, comparing its colonialism to the other cities and examining keywords related to a street in Kuala Lumpur.
Part 3 describes Kuala Lumpur as a "collage city" through its demographics, vibrant townscapes, dominance of certain areas, representation of functions, and connectivity.
Part 4 briefly
The document provides an overview of Jalan Sultan in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the history and origins of Jalan Sultan as one of the earliest Chinese immigrant settlements in KL. The architectural style of traditional shophouses that line the street are described. The document also explores the sociocultural aspects of Jalan Sultan, including the diversity of its community and how traditional Chinese culture is preserved. Several traditional trades still operating on Jalan Sultan are highlighted, such as restaurants, florists, herbal shops, and bird and pet stores.
The document provides details on a case study of the acoustic design of the Kuala Lumpur Performing Art Center auditorium. It includes an introduction to the site and objectives of the study. Plans and sections of the auditorium are shown. The methodology section outlines the equipment used to collect data on site, including measurements of dimensions and sound level readings. An analysis of the auditorium design discusses aspects like its rectangular shape, inclined seating layout, and fan-shaped seating arrangement. Acoustic properties of the materials used and sound propagation phenomena are also examined.
The National Zoo of Malaysia located in Kuala Lumpur has undergone significant changes and improvements guided by a new master plan. The zoo is reorganizing its facilities and exhibits into coherent zones with clear themes to improve the visitor experience and animal welfare. A new entry plaza and ticketing system have been implemented to better accommodate the zoo's large visitor numbers, which exceed 1 million people annually. The master plan provides a vision and guidelines to evolve the zoo in a coordinated manner over time through planned construction projects.
The key aspects of Islamic architecture in the National Mosque are:
- Mihrab - indicates the qibla wall facing Mecca for prayers
- Minaret - used to call people to prayer
- Domes and arched entrances - common features inspired by Middle Eastern mosques
- Open verandas - provide shade and ventilation suited for Malaysia's climate
- Calligraphy and floral designs - decorative elements emphasizing Sunni beliefs
Overall, the National Mosque incorporates classical Islamic elements like the mihrab, minaret and domes, while adapting to local needs through features like open verandas. Its design reflects Malaysia's predominantly Sunni Islamic traditions.
Jalan Raja Chulan in Kuala Lumpur has historical significance as it was renamed after an important Malay figure and links busy areas of the city. An abandoned building along the road consisting of 8 shophouses from the 1930s originally housed the Eurasian community. A proposal recommends adapting the building into a visitor center to showcase the culture and history of the area through exhibits, performances, and galleries. This would capitalize on the growing number of visitors in the developing commercial district and create a new landmark.
Menara Maybank is a 50-story skyscraper located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia that serves as the headquarters for Malayan Banking Berhad. When completed in 1987, it was the tallest building in Kuala Lumpur. The building is situated in a dense urban area with various transportation options and is well-connected to the surrounding commercial and civic buildings. Landscaping around the building incorporates trees, shrubs, and sculptures that blend it with the sloping topography and integrate it with the pedestrian areas below.
National Mosque Malaysia Precedent Studies Tay Jit Ying
Masjid Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Table Content:
1. Introduction
2. Site Context
3. Architectural Layout and Plan
4. Architectural Style Analysis
5. Construction Process
6. Architectural Elements
This document provides an analysis of the townscapes of Malacca and Georgetown in four parts:
Part 1 examines the colonial histories and key similarities between Malacca and Georgetown, noting their grid urban plans, segregation of races, and "Harmony Streets" cutting through.
Part 2 theorizes the urban development of Kuala Lumpur, comparing its colonialism to the other cities and examining keywords related to a street in Kuala Lumpur.
Part 3 describes Kuala Lumpur as a "collage city" through its demographics, vibrant townscapes, dominance of certain areas, representation of functions, and connectivity.
Part 4 briefly
The document provides an overview of Jalan Sultan in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the history and origins of Jalan Sultan as one of the earliest Chinese immigrant settlements in KL. The architectural style of traditional shophouses that line the street are described. The document also explores the sociocultural aspects of Jalan Sultan, including the diversity of its community and how traditional Chinese culture is preserved. Several traditional trades still operating on Jalan Sultan are highlighted, such as restaurants, florists, herbal shops, and bird and pet stores.
The document provides details on a case study of the acoustic design of the Kuala Lumpur Performing Art Center auditorium. It includes an introduction to the site and objectives of the study. Plans and sections of the auditorium are shown. The methodology section outlines the equipment used to collect data on site, including measurements of dimensions and sound level readings. An analysis of the auditorium design discusses aspects like its rectangular shape, inclined seating layout, and fan-shaped seating arrangement. Acoustic properties of the materials used and sound propagation phenomena are also examined.
Petaling Street in Kuala Lumpur, also known as Chinatown, is facing threats to its cultural heritage from urbanization. As the area modernizes and develops economically, it is losing many aspects of its traditional Chinese culture and the architectural integrity of its historic buildings. Foreign workers now outnumber Chinese residents and traditional trades are being replaced. The area's designation as a heritage zone has not stopped deterioration of building facades and loss of cultural practices. There is debate around the construction of MRT stations, as some see it as the beginning of the end for Chinatown. Solutions are needed to manage development while preserving cultural heritage for future generations.
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Architecture Design Project (ARC 60108)
The document provides details about the Petaling Jaya Civic Centre building in Malaysia. Some key points:
- The building was constructed from 1973-1978 at a cost of RM 4 million and covers 2.5 acres with a built up area of 49,113 square feet.
- It was designed in the Brutalist style and originally contained 6 badminton courts, a theater, conference rooms, and other recreation facilities.
- In 2001, the badminton courts were renovated into a 16,692 square foot banquet hall and the main lobby was redesigned.
- The building serves civic functions for Petaling Jaya like musicals, exhibitions, and community gatherings. It
The document provides information about the National Mosque of Malaysia located in Kuala Lumpur. It discusses the site context and surrounding buildings, including the Daya Bumi Complex, National Planetarium, and Islamic Art Museum. The document also describes the mosque's architectural layout including its floor plan, site plan, and elevation plan. Key features of the mosque design include its umbrella-shaped main dome, minaret, and screening walls that manipulate natural light.
The document provides information about the refurbishment of Wisma Lee Rubber, a 29-story office tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Key details include:
- The original building from 1980 was refurbished in 2008 to give it a more contemporary look with a new glass and stainless steel curtain wall facade.
- Vertical sun shading fins and a fully glazed facade accentuate the height of the building. The top floors are designed as a light box at night.
- At street level, the former car porch was extended with a glass canopy to create a semi-outdoor space with a sidewalk cafe.
- The building is located in the heart of the business district
HOW CONSERVATION WORKS TAKE PLACE IN MALAYSIAFakhrul Afifi
Conservation works is the most complex method in restoring the element and facade of the old building. Without conservation, the heritage building cannot long last until the expected age.
This document provides a project report for the proposed Ekspresireka Art Training Centre to be built at Taman Tasik Titiwangsa in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The project aims to bridge the gap between art skills/experiences and students in the area by providing exposure and educational programs in various art fields. It will serve as a venue for extracurricular activities, art exhibitions, and art residency programs. The site is currently vacant government land near educational institutes and art hubs like the Istana Budaya, but they are disconnected. The design will aim to complement the existing skyline and preserve views of landmarks while connecting programs and activating the area.
This document is an architectural design project report for a proposed Food Discovery Centre in Taman Tasik Titiwangsa, Kuala Lumpur. It includes an introduction to the project, site analysis, design intentions and strategies. The project aims to create a platform for the local community to rediscover food cultures and slow down their pace of life. The report outlines the site context, program requirements, spatial layout, and environmental strategies including orientation, shading and sustainability concepts. The design intends to tell the story of the place through interconnected spaces and revive the history of the lake through exhibitions on tin mining.
The document provides details about a proposed design project for the Malaysia Food Cultural Centre located on Jalan P. Ramlee in Kuala Lumpur. The centre aims to preserve, research, promote and distribute both traditional and modern Malaysian food culture. It will include facilities such as a festival hall, incubator kitchen, wholefood market and food library. The centre seeks to educate people about Malaysian food culture and support local food businesses. It aims to be a place that brings different user groups together and celebrates the unique food culture of the area.
The document discusses the dualist urban character of Jalan Petaling and Jalan Tun HS Lee in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for the purpose of strategic urban infill intervention. It analyzes the urban morphology of the areas, including the historical development of the road networks from 1895 to 2016, key districts, edges, landmarks, nodes, and paths. The document then focuses on two microsites for design - Jalan Tun HS Lee and Jalan Petaling - and provides design recommendations, alongside precedent studies.
This document outlines a proposal for the adaptive reuse of the Mingle Shop House located in Petaling Street, Kuala Lumpur. It begins with an acknowledgement and historical background sections describing the origins and evolution of Petaling Street and the building. Drawings of the site plan and floor plans are included. The proposal is to convert the heritage hostel into a local gallery. The ground floor cafe would remain while the courtyard would showcase local arts. The first floor would be adapted to attract visitors and tourists by displaying the locality and identity of Petaling Street through a local gallery. The proposal aims to preserve original elements of the building while injecting new uses to attract more public interest.
The deaf, hard-to-hearing and the hearing impaired persons inhibit a rich sensory world where vision and touch are the primary means of spatial awareness and orientation. They, therefore, require a special design concept that has already been established as Deafspace. Deafspace is guided by five guidelines referred to as The Deafspace Design guidelines. They are Light and colour, Sensory reach, Space and proximity, Mobility and proximity and Acoustics. (Architect Hansel Bauman, hbhm architects, 2005).
Case Study of Deyang School for Deaf & Intellectually Disabled Children, China.Sadaf Siddiqui
Case Study of Deyang School for Deaf & Intellectually Disabled Children, China. A School of Special Kids. Trying to make the world INCLUSIVE, a better place.
The National Mosque of Malaysia was designed in a modern Islamic architectural style with influences from traditional Malay and Islamic architecture. It features a 73-meter high minaret inspired by a folded umbrella and an 18-pointed star concrete dome resembling an open umbrella, both alluding to traditional Malay motifs. The mosque was designed by a team of architects to represent Malaysia's unity and independence in a bold modern structure made entirely of reinforced concrete.
The document provides an analysis of the site context and climate considerations for Chin Woo Stadium in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It notes that the stadium is located on a hillside with only one road for access and has a large parking lot near the main entrance. The tropical climate is hot and humid, with minimal trees around the isolated building providing little shading. In response, the building uses cantilevered awnings, ventilation openings, and a glass roof to allow light penetration while mitigating heat and sun exposure.
This document discusses architectural conservation efforts in the historical city of Malacca, Malaysia. It begins with background on Malacca's history as a trading port dating back to 1403. It then outlines some of the key historical buildings and structures found in Malacca today, including churches, palaces, temples, and ruins of forts from the Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese, and Malay periods. The document goes on to discuss several issues challenging conservation efforts, such as lack of awareness, limitations on studies, and insufficient protection of buildings not yet 100 years old. It also covers approaches used in Malacca like adaptive reuse, restoration, and urban infill. The document concludes with two case studies analyzing the conservation of the
The document provides background information on the Pejabat Agama Islam Daerah Klang building in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. It details that the building was originally constructed in 1912 as a palace for the Sultan of Selangor. Over the past 100+ years, the building has changed ownership and functions, having been used as a Japanese soldiers' quarters, the Klang Municipal Building, and most recently the Klang Islamic Religious Office, until being abandoned. The document outlines the historical context of Klang and Selangor and provides preliminary investigation into adapting the dilapidated building for a new use as a performing arts center through conservation efforts.
Jalan Pudu is a historic district in Kuala Lumpur that dates back to the 1880s. It was originally a village but grew rapidly in the early 1900s as the neighboring Petaling Street became overcrowded. Jalan Pudu is known for its wet market, shops selling electronics, and traditional businesses. However, in recent decades some historical buildings have been demolished and gentrification has changed the community as newer commercial developments moved in. Efforts are needed to preserve the cultural heritage and unique character of Jalan Pudu.
NATIONAL MOSQUE - CULTURE AND HISTORY 2 REPORTAtiqah Ghazali
The National Mosque of Malaysia was designed in a modern Islamic architectural style using reinforced concrete. It draws inspiration from traditional mosques in various Islamic countries as well as traditional Malay architecture. Specifically, its 73-meter high minaret and 16-pointed star concrete dome were designed to resemble an open umbrella, representing shelter and protection, key aspects of Malaysian culture. The mosque balances modern design influences with traditional Islamic and Malay architectural elements and symbolism.
This document is an individual assignment report for a community service initiative at an orphanage home called Ti-Ratana Welfare Society. The objectives were to nurture respect and care for the community and inspire dreams in the orphanage kids. Activities included role-playing games like a hospital game and construction game that taught professions, as well as a fashion show with recycled materials. The report describes setting up and running the games, contributions like assisting with the construction game, and conclusions that the experience helped develop patience and gratitude while bringing joy to the kids.
Biodiversity in Malaysia - Zoo Negara report with 6 animalsJoe Onn Lim
background on zoo negara
importance of zoo negara in sustaining biodiversity
6 different species of animals and their status
policies to conserve these animals
Petaling Street in Kuala Lumpur, also known as Chinatown, is facing threats to its cultural heritage from urbanization. As the area modernizes and develops economically, it is losing many aspects of its traditional Chinese culture and the architectural integrity of its historic buildings. Foreign workers now outnumber Chinese residents and traditional trades are being replaced. The area's designation as a heritage zone has not stopped deterioration of building facades and loss of cultural practices. There is debate around the construction of MRT stations, as some see it as the beginning of the end for Chinatown. Solutions are needed to manage development while preserving cultural heritage for future generations.
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Architecture Design Project (ARC 60108)
The document provides details about the Petaling Jaya Civic Centre building in Malaysia. Some key points:
- The building was constructed from 1973-1978 at a cost of RM 4 million and covers 2.5 acres with a built up area of 49,113 square feet.
- It was designed in the Brutalist style and originally contained 6 badminton courts, a theater, conference rooms, and other recreation facilities.
- In 2001, the badminton courts were renovated into a 16,692 square foot banquet hall and the main lobby was redesigned.
- The building serves civic functions for Petaling Jaya like musicals, exhibitions, and community gatherings. It
The document provides information about the National Mosque of Malaysia located in Kuala Lumpur. It discusses the site context and surrounding buildings, including the Daya Bumi Complex, National Planetarium, and Islamic Art Museum. The document also describes the mosque's architectural layout including its floor plan, site plan, and elevation plan. Key features of the mosque design include its umbrella-shaped main dome, minaret, and screening walls that manipulate natural light.
The document provides information about the refurbishment of Wisma Lee Rubber, a 29-story office tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Key details include:
- The original building from 1980 was refurbished in 2008 to give it a more contemporary look with a new glass and stainless steel curtain wall facade.
- Vertical sun shading fins and a fully glazed facade accentuate the height of the building. The top floors are designed as a light box at night.
- At street level, the former car porch was extended with a glass canopy to create a semi-outdoor space with a sidewalk cafe.
- The building is located in the heart of the business district
HOW CONSERVATION WORKS TAKE PLACE IN MALAYSIAFakhrul Afifi
Conservation works is the most complex method in restoring the element and facade of the old building. Without conservation, the heritage building cannot long last until the expected age.
This document provides a project report for the proposed Ekspresireka Art Training Centre to be built at Taman Tasik Titiwangsa in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The project aims to bridge the gap between art skills/experiences and students in the area by providing exposure and educational programs in various art fields. It will serve as a venue for extracurricular activities, art exhibitions, and art residency programs. The site is currently vacant government land near educational institutes and art hubs like the Istana Budaya, but they are disconnected. The design will aim to complement the existing skyline and preserve views of landmarks while connecting programs and activating the area.
This document is an architectural design project report for a proposed Food Discovery Centre in Taman Tasik Titiwangsa, Kuala Lumpur. It includes an introduction to the project, site analysis, design intentions and strategies. The project aims to create a platform for the local community to rediscover food cultures and slow down their pace of life. The report outlines the site context, program requirements, spatial layout, and environmental strategies including orientation, shading and sustainability concepts. The design intends to tell the story of the place through interconnected spaces and revive the history of the lake through exhibitions on tin mining.
The document provides details about a proposed design project for the Malaysia Food Cultural Centre located on Jalan P. Ramlee in Kuala Lumpur. The centre aims to preserve, research, promote and distribute both traditional and modern Malaysian food culture. It will include facilities such as a festival hall, incubator kitchen, wholefood market and food library. The centre seeks to educate people about Malaysian food culture and support local food businesses. It aims to be a place that brings different user groups together and celebrates the unique food culture of the area.
The document discusses the dualist urban character of Jalan Petaling and Jalan Tun HS Lee in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for the purpose of strategic urban infill intervention. It analyzes the urban morphology of the areas, including the historical development of the road networks from 1895 to 2016, key districts, edges, landmarks, nodes, and paths. The document then focuses on two microsites for design - Jalan Tun HS Lee and Jalan Petaling - and provides design recommendations, alongside precedent studies.
This document outlines a proposal for the adaptive reuse of the Mingle Shop House located in Petaling Street, Kuala Lumpur. It begins with an acknowledgement and historical background sections describing the origins and evolution of Petaling Street and the building. Drawings of the site plan and floor plans are included. The proposal is to convert the heritage hostel into a local gallery. The ground floor cafe would remain while the courtyard would showcase local arts. The first floor would be adapted to attract visitors and tourists by displaying the locality and identity of Petaling Street through a local gallery. The proposal aims to preserve original elements of the building while injecting new uses to attract more public interest.
The deaf, hard-to-hearing and the hearing impaired persons inhibit a rich sensory world where vision and touch are the primary means of spatial awareness and orientation. They, therefore, require a special design concept that has already been established as Deafspace. Deafspace is guided by five guidelines referred to as The Deafspace Design guidelines. They are Light and colour, Sensory reach, Space and proximity, Mobility and proximity and Acoustics. (Architect Hansel Bauman, hbhm architects, 2005).
Case Study of Deyang School for Deaf & Intellectually Disabled Children, China.Sadaf Siddiqui
Case Study of Deyang School for Deaf & Intellectually Disabled Children, China. A School of Special Kids. Trying to make the world INCLUSIVE, a better place.
The National Mosque of Malaysia was designed in a modern Islamic architectural style with influences from traditional Malay and Islamic architecture. It features a 73-meter high minaret inspired by a folded umbrella and an 18-pointed star concrete dome resembling an open umbrella, both alluding to traditional Malay motifs. The mosque was designed by a team of architects to represent Malaysia's unity and independence in a bold modern structure made entirely of reinforced concrete.
The document provides an analysis of the site context and climate considerations for Chin Woo Stadium in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It notes that the stadium is located on a hillside with only one road for access and has a large parking lot near the main entrance. The tropical climate is hot and humid, with minimal trees around the isolated building providing little shading. In response, the building uses cantilevered awnings, ventilation openings, and a glass roof to allow light penetration while mitigating heat and sun exposure.
This document discusses architectural conservation efforts in the historical city of Malacca, Malaysia. It begins with background on Malacca's history as a trading port dating back to 1403. It then outlines some of the key historical buildings and structures found in Malacca today, including churches, palaces, temples, and ruins of forts from the Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese, and Malay periods. The document goes on to discuss several issues challenging conservation efforts, such as lack of awareness, limitations on studies, and insufficient protection of buildings not yet 100 years old. It also covers approaches used in Malacca like adaptive reuse, restoration, and urban infill. The document concludes with two case studies analyzing the conservation of the
The document provides background information on the Pejabat Agama Islam Daerah Klang building in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. It details that the building was originally constructed in 1912 as a palace for the Sultan of Selangor. Over the past 100+ years, the building has changed ownership and functions, having been used as a Japanese soldiers' quarters, the Klang Municipal Building, and most recently the Klang Islamic Religious Office, until being abandoned. The document outlines the historical context of Klang and Selangor and provides preliminary investigation into adapting the dilapidated building for a new use as a performing arts center through conservation efforts.
Jalan Pudu is a historic district in Kuala Lumpur that dates back to the 1880s. It was originally a village but grew rapidly in the early 1900s as the neighboring Petaling Street became overcrowded. Jalan Pudu is known for its wet market, shops selling electronics, and traditional businesses. However, in recent decades some historical buildings have been demolished and gentrification has changed the community as newer commercial developments moved in. Efforts are needed to preserve the cultural heritage and unique character of Jalan Pudu.
NATIONAL MOSQUE - CULTURE AND HISTORY 2 REPORTAtiqah Ghazali
The National Mosque of Malaysia was designed in a modern Islamic architectural style using reinforced concrete. It draws inspiration from traditional mosques in various Islamic countries as well as traditional Malay architecture. Specifically, its 73-meter high minaret and 16-pointed star concrete dome were designed to resemble an open umbrella, representing shelter and protection, key aspects of Malaysian culture. The mosque balances modern design influences with traditional Islamic and Malay architectural elements and symbolism.
This document is an individual assignment report for a community service initiative at an orphanage home called Ti-Ratana Welfare Society. The objectives were to nurture respect and care for the community and inspire dreams in the orphanage kids. Activities included role-playing games like a hospital game and construction game that taught professions, as well as a fashion show with recycled materials. The report describes setting up and running the games, contributions like assisting with the construction game, and conclusions that the experience helped develop patience and gratitude while bringing joy to the kids.
Biodiversity in Malaysia - Zoo Negara report with 6 animalsJoe Onn Lim
background on zoo negara
importance of zoo negara in sustaining biodiversity
6 different species of animals and their status
policies to conserve these animals
This presentation introduces Skyjet's synchro-double side printer. The printer can print the same image on both sides of a substrate simultaneously, with the back side print being a mirrored version of the front. This allows objects printed with this technique to retain their color identity when viewed from both the front and back, such as in the examples of Coca-Cola and Pepsi products maintaining brand recognition. The presentation describes the printer's proprietary technology and printing process.
With a view of engaging in a social cause on the eve of Engineer’s Day, we wish to visit to Anjuman-E-Mufidul Yatama Orphanage on the 6th of October, 2016.
It is also part of our S. P. M. assignment; it is like a small project for us which focuses on social area.
For this excursion, we have planned to distribute snacks, clothes, books along with some stationary things that can be useful for them, and conduct fun activities for the kids. A motivational lecture for the kids is also in our itinerary.
Xennia's Tim Phillips describes the markets for digital product and surface decoration, including laminates and furnishing, ceramic tiles, wall coverings and glass. He then describes the challenges and opportunies for digital printing of these products. This talk was presented at the Decorative Surfaces Conference, Munich, Germany in April 2011.
The document proposes a horror film set in a haunted orphanage where children mysteriously disappear. The film would follow a girl, Elsie, searching for her missing sister. Elsie discovers a secret room in the orphanage and uncovers files about missing children dating back to the 1970s. The evil housekeeper, Mildred, attacks the children and reveals the house demands sacrifices to remain standing. Elsie and her friends attempt to burn down the orphanage but it is later shown still intact on the news, with Mildred implying the house can never be destroyed. The film aims for a October release date and budget of $10 million.
AirAsia was established in 2001 in Malaysia with a vision of "Now Everyone Can Fly" by offering low-cost airfares. It began with only two Boeing 737-300 aircraft on point-to-point routes between cities. AirAsia has since grown significantly and now has routes spanning over 20 countries in Asia, challenging norms in the airline industry. Through strategies like focusing on customers and cost-leadership, AirAsia aims to serve the billions of people in Asia currently underserved by air travel.
The document acknowledges and thanks several individuals for their support during the completion of the nursing case study. It dedicates the case study to enhancing nursing education for students and providing a reference for future researchers. Finally, it includes a nursing student's prayer thanking God for helping with the challenges of nursing school and asking for guidance in developing compassion and serving others through nursing.
The document provides information about Istana Budaya, a cultural center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the building's history, site context, architectural layout, style, construction materials, and elements. Key points include:
- Istana Budaya was established in 1999 with a cost of RM210 million. It hosts theater, opera, and other performing arts events.
- The building was designed by a Malaysian architect to incorporate Malay cultural symbols. It has sophisticated stage mechanisms.
- The building is located in a central area of Kuala Lumpur near public transportation for easy access. It has parking and is sheltered from weather.
- The architectural design
Architectural Design Project (Project 1C- Final Executive Report)Tan Jaden
This document provides an executive report for a project to design a traditional games and recreation park in Taman Tasik Titiwangsa, Kuala Lumpur. It includes an introduction to the project, aims and objectives, site context analysis, and environmental and design strategies. The project aims to revive traditional Malaysian games, add more activities to the park, and improve community recreation. Site analyses identify opportunities and issues, such as a lack of connectivity between residential and institutional areas. Design strategies will incorporate site studies, programming, sustainability concepts, and technological resolutions.
This document provides an analysis of the Dewan Tunku Canselor building located at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the building's history, architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction, structure and materials. The building was constructed between 1965-1966 and designed in the Brutalist architectural style by Malaysian architect Kington Loo. Key aspects of the building analyzed include its central location in the university, natural light and ventilation strategies, and use of concrete in its structure and design.
Titiwangsa Cultural Centre Project Management Reportdouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Project Management (MGT60403 / ARC 3612 / ARC 3614)
DEWAN TUNKU CANSELOR, UNIVERSITI MALAYAJoe Onn Lim
Dewan Tunku Canselor is an iconic building at University Malaya designed in the Brutalist style by Datuk Kington Loo. The building uses reinforced concrete as its primary material and features exposed concrete surfaces that reveal the wooden forms used in construction. It has a symmetrical layout and uses geometry like rectangles and circles. Natural light penetrates through windows and skylights. The building was inspired by Le Corbusier's works and uses similar concrete louvers to aid ventilation in Malaysia's tropical climate.
Project Management (Project 2 - Documentation of a medium-sized project)Tan Jaden
The document provides details of a project proposal for a Traditional Games and Recreation Park in Taman Tasik Titiwangsa, Kuala Lumpur. It includes a project introduction outlining the project brief, site context, objectives and goals. A design analysis through SWOT and PESTLE is presented. The proposed programme includes a mix of traditional, present and future recreational activities. Stakeholders include the Ministry of Youth and Sports, Tourism Malaysia and Kuala Lumpur City Hall. Design sustainability strategies incorporate activities within the landscape, a green roof, and a feature wall. The massing and layout maximize green space while minimizing building footprint.
La Salle, Klang Building Report AnalysisCharlene Chan
The document provides a building analysis report for La Salle School in Klang, Malaysia. It summarizes the school's history, founding in 1940 as a primary school and subsequent expansions. It describes the school's Art Deco architectural style, characterized by geometric shapes, ribbon windows, and ornamentation. The report includes an inventory of the building elements, such as the pitched roof, fenestration, facade design, and decorative features that exemplify its Art Deco design.
This document provides a final design report for an Art Expression and Performing Training Center project located at Titiwangsa Lake Garden in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes an introduction to the site context and objectives of the project, which are to create a space for exploring and understanding performing arts. The report then covers site analysis, precedent studies, conceptual design strategies focusing on interaction and curiosity, and diagrams of the proposed spatial programming and layout. Sustainability strategies discussed include natural ventilation, daylighting, green roofs, and vegetation.
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1. TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY: SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING, AND DESIGN 0 | P a g e
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN, AND BUILDING
ARCHITECTURE CULTURE AND HISTORY 2 [ARC 60203]
PROJECT #2
Submitted: Wednesday, 18 November 2015
TUTOR: MS. NOR HAYATI RAMLI
Danny Tong 0323484
Evelin Devina 0322176
Foong Lih Wey 0322687
Jacinta Kabrina Majalap 0311339
2. TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY: SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING, AND DESIGN 1 | P a g e
CONTENT PAGE
CONTENT PAGE......................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................2
1.2 Fast Facts of Zoo Negara ...............................................................................................3
1.3 History of Zoo Negara ...................................................................................................4
1.4 The Architect of Zoo Negara .........................................................................................5
BUILDING ANALYSIS
2.1 Site Context Analysis.....................................................................................................6
2.2 Architectural Style Analysis...........................................................................................9
2.3 Building Construction, and Material .............................................................................12
2.4 Architectural Components/Elements ............................................................................18
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................24
REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................................26
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Zoo Negara is the first national zoo in Malaysia. Built on 110 acres of land in Ulu
Klang, near Taman Melawati, North-East Kuala Lumpur. It was officially opened on 14
November 1963, a project initiated by Malaysia’s first Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul
Rahman. Managed by a non-governmental organization known as the Malaysian
Zoological Society, Zoo Negara is a veteran in the zoo industry standing proudly for 52
years. It received certification in 2007, and a member of the South East Asian Zoos
Association (SEAZA).
Once set in virgin jungle, the place now stands like an oasis amidst a concrete jungle.
It emphasizes on four main areas: Conservation, Education, Research, and Recreation.
Zoo Negara is a popular family destination and a valuable resource for all visitors from
within Malaysia and overseas.
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1.2 FAST FACTS OF ZOO NEGARA
1.2.1 Zoo Negara is a non-governmental organization established to create the first local
zoo for Malaysian.
1.2.2 The National Zoological Park was built in 1961 and officiated by Y.T.M. Tunku
Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj on 14 November 1963.
1.2.3 Millionth Visitor
Zoo Negara got their millionth visitors on 14 November 1966 just three years after
its grand opening. Miss Juliana Chan, a 19 year old student was the millionth
person to walk through the turnstiles of the zoo. She was presented with a
commemorative plaque, a free pass for one year and some cartons of cigarettes
presented by Messrs. Rothmans of Pall Mall (M) Ltd.
1.2.3 Tourism Gold Award
Zoo Negara’s development throughout the years and its highly rated attendance
was honored as the premier recreational amenity in Malaysia and voted best
tourist attraction which earned it the ‘Tourism Gold Award’ for 1988. Well-known
for its breeding successes and conservation programs, Zoo Negara is held in high
esteem by zoos worldwide.
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1.2.4 First Giant Panda Conservation Centre in Malaysia
May 21, 2014, the arrival of the giant pandas to Malaysia represents peace and a
symbol diplomatic relationship between China and Malaysia for 40 years.
1.2.5 Oldest Aquarium in Malaysia
Tunku Abdul Rahman Aquarium was the biggest aquarium ever built in Malaysia,
displaying more than 130 species of aquatic animals of marine and freshwater
1.3 HISTORY OF ZOO NEGARA
Tan Sri Victor Massy Hutson was known as the Father of Zoo Negara because he
played an important role in setting-up Zoo Negara in 1963. He was the one
responsible for the miniature zoo set-up at the annual exhibition of the Malayan
Agri-Horticultural Association (MAHA) that got Malayan interested in Zoo.
The idea of proper zoo gradually gained momentum, and the federal government
chose a spot in Ulu Klang, Selangor next to the border of Kuala Lumpur.
In 1963, the first Prime Minister of Malaya (now Malaysia) Y.T.M Tunku Abdul
Rahman opened the zoo to the public. In the late 1970s as Kuala Lumpur underwent
an economic boom. The area was opened for large scale development as a planned
residential area in the 1980s. The development has caused the zoo's surrounding
areas and also increases the land value where the zoo is located.
In early 2000s, there were plans to move the zoo to other locations in Selangor.
However, the plans were largely unpopular among the public as it is seen as an effort
by some developers to capitalize on the value of the zoo's large land. With the
support from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and the Selangor
State Government, Zoo Negara will not be relocated.
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1.4 THE ARCHITECT OF ZOO NEGARA
Mr. Kington Loo (1930-2013), the Architect who managed
to bring Zoo Negara into reality in 1943 up until today, was
born in the year October 1930. He was a well-known Architect
in Malaysia who brought Modernism along with other group
of Architect to Southeast Asia during the period of the World
War II.
During his early life, he lived in various part of Southeast
Asia before he settled in Malaya. He was educated in Batu Road Kuala Lumpur. Before
the age of 13, Malaya was disrupted by The Japanese invasion. He moved from Kuala
Lumpur to Singapore and from there to India to avoid Japanese occupation.
He learned many skill traits including studding civil engineering course at Technology
College. He later went to Australia to study Architecture. After graduation, he returned
to Malaysia and joined the firm of Booty, Edwards & Partners (BEP) – BEP Akitek Sdn
Bhd.
During his years, he designed various iconic building that is still living up its
reputation till today. Some of the buildings that he designs are Rex Cinema,
Commonwealth Society Building, Subang International Airport, University Malaya's
Experimental Theater, Private residences Etc.
He was among the first generation of architects following the country’s
independence. His enthusiasm in joining and forming committees led to the formation
of many of the institutions of today.
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BUILDING ANALYSIS
2.1 SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
2.1.1 Building accessibility
Zoo Negara have 2 entrance. Entrance A can be seen from the main road whereas
Entrance B can only be seen when drove further in.
Entrance A/ Car Park A
Entrance A is the main entrance to the zoo so all main office is located there such
as: Administration Office; and Educational, Zoology and Public Affair Office
8. TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY: SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING, AND DESIGN 7 | P a g e
Entrance B/ Car Park B
The distances of Entrance A and B and the circulation of Zoo Negara can be seen
in the map below.
Zoo Negara MAP
2.1.2 Relationship of Building to Surrounding
Zoo Negara is called ‘Zoo in the Jungle’ when it was first open due to its
forested surrounding. It was built as such to accommodate the needs of the
animal and also to enhance the visitor’s experience towards the wildlife especially
those who came from the big city.
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The surrounding has changed along the years due the expansion of Zoo
Negara. The recent buildings built are the Giant Panda Conservation and
Exhibition Centre.
2.1.3 Respond to Climate
Zoo Negara was built to withstand the constant changing of our climate in
Malaysia especially on rainy season. Because of the zoo being in a forested area,
it reduces the urban heat island effect due to it being near the city.
Feeling of personal connection among zoo visitors may encourage concern about
climate change. Results show that feeling connected to animals at the zoo is
significantly associated with cognitive and emotional responses to climate change,
as well as with other social groupings and social responses. Overall, the zoo seems
to present a supportive social context for considering the topic.
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2.2 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Zoo Negara has several buildings in the area which
mainly are built in traditional Malaysian house, Mid
Century Modern, and Post-Modern architectural style.
2.2.1 Modern
Modern is an architectural style that
generally describes the mid-20th century design
development estimated from 1933 – 1965.
Most of the modern buildings utilized the
groundbreaking post and beam design that
eliminated bulky support walls in favor of walls
seemingly made of glass. Function and form
were equally noteworthy with emphasized
purposed for average American family. “Form
follows function”.
The large glass windows at the management
office is one of the evidences that post-modernism
was derived from modern style that Zoo Negara
building owns. Sliding glass doors and other
expansive panes of glass allow light to enter rooms
from multiple angles.
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2.2.2 Post-Modern
The first evidences of post-modern architecture
being an international style are cited from 1950s
although the movement was not made until 1970s.
It evolved from what is previously called Modern Functionalism, featured a wide
range of ideals and practices that are not normally perceived and accepted on
traditional philosophies.
Inspired from classic mechanism found in
umbrella, Frei Paul Otto – an architect and
structural engineer – juggled it into a piece of
lightweight architectural structure in 1950s
based on the minimum surface principle. The
tension loaded membrane of the funnel-
shaped umbrella is now stretched under the
compression-loaded bars. This construction made it technically and structurally
possible to build very large convertible umbrellas, which then inspired many
subsequent projects built all over the world, including Zoo Negara.
This structure is one of the prominent features in post-modern architecture
as it’s trying to go more than basic forms, and extending it into a more expressive
movement.
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It can be seen that the architect of Zoo
Negara was trying to avoid a simple flat, square
ceiling by pinching the edges to arches. Post-
modern architects tried to meld past aspects of
various buildings together even if in an
inharmonious manner to create a new means of
designing building.
Zoo Negara has unique post-modern features with a
pinch of elements found during the Roman period. The
basic exterior form of the Management Centre showcases
Rotunda element which defines the building with a
circular ground plan, covered by a dome. It also referred
to a round room within the building, taken as an example
is the Pantheon. Oculus at the middle part of the roof
creates warmer and aesthetic feel to the interior allowing the sun rays to
illuminate the room rather than artificial light.
Three entrance buildings have a similar
design language which the most notable one is
the structural barrel vault façade at the shop
lots and the entrance façade was carved
around the structural barrel vault form to
create a unique experience compared to
basics.
Both of the Rotunda and barrel vault are
the evidence of post-modernism as this era showcased the comeback of columns
and other elements of pre-modern designs, adapting some pieces of classical
Greek and Roman. The practical and formalized shapes and spaces of the
modernist style are replaced by diverse aesthetics.
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2.3 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, STRUCTURE, AND MATERIAL
During our visit there were many development were taking place in order to improve
the quality of the animal living in Zoo Negara and also the environment there. The only
modernist building can be found there were the administration office and also the Giant
panda Conservation Centre which was built in year 2013.
Building Construction
2.3.1 Columns
The columns on the façade were the wide
flange columns. These columns where used to
transfer the load of the barrel roof from the top to
the bottom foundation without stressing the
support thing material. The column is built on a
concrete foundation and a base plate to spread the
load of the building in a large surface area at the
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bottom ground to reduce the bearing pressure that is on the concrete foundation.
2.3.2 Beams
In the interior of the administrative building there are 12
beams which is located at the center interior of the façade.
The Beams act as a support system to hold the pavilion roof at
the top. This help to transfer the load of the roof to the
columns that support the façade.
2.3.3 Walls
The Walls that were constructed for most of the buildings were load bearing
wall.
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The bearing walls that are used in some of the façade like the administrative
office building and the main entrance were to support the large curtain wall and
the load of the flat roof. The types of walls that can be found at the Zoo Negara
are Masonry wall, Dry wall and Brick wall.
2.3.4 Roof
The roof of the administrative office was constructed in barrel roof with multi
transparent glass.
The education department roof was constructed in gable roof while the roof
at the entrance where constructed in different type of roof. There is also tensile
umbrella roof outside the entrance. Flat roof with vault at the entrance and also
pavilion roof for the administration office.
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Building Material
2.3.1 Steel
Steel can be found in most of the construction of
the façade. It plays a big role in construction and the
support of the building. It also helps to hold the building
in place and also helps to create different kinds of aesthetics design.
Galvanized Steel:
- Corrosion resistance
- Low cost and maintenance
- Long life and complete protection form surrounding
- Power coating for aesthetic use
Stainless Steel:
- Hard and tough
- Resistance to heat and oxidation
- Sufficient amount of chromium that prevents corrosion
- High durability
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2.3.2 Glass
Glass is widely used in modernist architecture building.
Glass provides a sense of openness that differentiates between
the interior and the exterior of the building. It allows light enter
into the building while preventing harsh weather conditions or
UV rays entering in the building.
2.3.3 Concrete
Concrete is a type of artificial stone that is widely used construction of a building.
The structure at the entrance of the Zoo Negara and also the Administrative office
are mainly made out of concrete.
2.3.4 Plastic
Polycarbonate
- A type of thermoplastic
- Dense, hard and tough properties
- Strongest transparent material
-Tensile strength and ductility similar to metal
- Uses in vandal resistant and glazing
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Polyvinyl Chloride
- Rigid in form or made flexible by adding
plasticizers
- Good weathering properties
- Suitable material for canopy
2.3.5 Stone
Stone marble floor:
- Tough, hard wearing properties as well as its attractive appearance.
- Comes in a variety of colors.
- Primarily used for roofing and floor tiles.
- Extremely durable.
- slip-resistant, non-porous and are resilient to fire and water
- heat-resistant
Cobblestone
- As a flooring system
- Oldest paving material
- Gives of different texture
- High toughness
- Maintenance-free
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2.4.6 Tiles
Ceramic Tiles
- Made from clay or a mixture of clay or other ceramic material
- Do not conduct heat or electricity
- Can withstand high temperature
- Different types of color and design
- Create an aesthetic appeal
2.5 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS
2.5.1 The Administration Office
Located next to the entrance, has a shape similar to a
rotunda. It is like a modern rotunda where instead of
using a dome which confine and shut the place up, it
uses glass roof, with the surrounding made by glass
wall.
Comparison between Rotunda and The Office
- Round building with a dome
- Thick brick and stone
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- Round building with a glass cone roof
- Glass wall
2.5.2 Glass Cone Roof
Glass Cone Roof is a conical shape roof made by glass. It gives an aesthetic
view and also allowing sunlight to enter the building. It also creates air ventilation
to the building and thus a better performance of work.
2.5.2 Skylight
Skylight is an opening in a roof which is gazed with
a transparent or translucent material used to admit
natural light into the space below. Skylight increases
the visual appeal to interiors, allowing daylight to shine
through the building also brightens and also reduces
the energy consumption.
2.5.3 Curvilinear-Like Canopy
Curvilinear-Like Canopy serves as a shading for sun and rain. It is surrounding
the main space inside which is made of glass.
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This helps to shade the building inside and at the same time it gives an
aesthetic design for the building. It is similar to Masjid Negara which is established
around the same time.
Comparison Between Masjid Negara And Zoo Negara
- Pointed edges
- Eyebrow dormer
- Not connected to pillar
- Curvilinear- like Canopy
- Provide shading for the interior
2.5.4 Glass Curtain wall
Glass Curtain Wall shows the openness and
the blur spatial division from inside to outside
2.5.5 Full Height Turnsile (Revolving Door)
Full height turnsile is applications where
an access control system is not used.
Typically, these turnstiles would be used in
an exit only application at stadiums, zoos
and theme parks to allow mass traffic to
exit.
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2.5.6 Steel and Glass Façade
In architecture, the façade of a building is often the most
important aspect from a design standpoint, as it sets the tone
for the rest of the building. When you first see the façade of
the building, you will notice its clean modern profile that
makes it so distinctive. The building uses large expanses of
glass in effect brings the building’s site into the building.
Large expanses of floor to ceiling glass providing dramatic views and
introducing natural light deep into the interior. The load is transferred to the
skeleton frame of the building.
2.5.7 Open Umbrella Roof
The open umbrella roof, a tensile
structure, is supported by some form of
compression rings or bending elements or
beams. The fabric structure has a strong
tensile strength, which will creep only a few
percent over 20 years.
The fabric roof element, usually made of PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), the
flexible nature of the roof, gives a simple, elegant stylistic theme that lends itself
to fabric roofing.
2.5.8 Vault
The vault is used to create a contemporary appeal in these
modern beautiful framework for the ceiling of the zoo. The
repetition of the vaults create a dynamic and flowing sensation
to the visitors who enter the space.
23. TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY: SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING, AND DESIGN 22 | P a g e
2.5.9 Flat roof
Flat roof provide the option for recreational or decorative finishes not
available with a pitched roof. The flat roof will not drain during raining days, it will
not as impressive a flow. The roof is versatile and durable, it allows the full height
of the rooms below to be utilized well.
2.5.10 Ceramic Quarry Tiles
The ceramic quarry tiles which made
from shale and fine clays have a large
coverage at the exterior of the building. It is
considered as the thickest and strongest
tiles. It is long lasting and excellent for floors
that receive a lot of abrasions, where large
crowded gathered at the entrance of the zoo. It is highly durable and relatively
inexpensive material.
2.5.11 Ceramic Glazed
The ceramic glazed tiles, in a large
format arrangement, cover the floor of the
entrance of the zoo. The advantages of using
ceramic glazed tiles is resistant to water and
stains, this type of tiles consist of wide
variety colors which permanence that leads
direct exposure of ceramic tiles to sunlight neither alters their color, nor causes
them to fade. Ceramic glazed tiles are treated to prevent slipping.
24. TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY: SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING, AND DESIGN 23 | P a g e
2.5.12 Gable
The gable along the entrance, are
made of iron. The vertical arrangement of
the iron bar gives the interpretations of the
cage in the zoo. The architectural
treatment of gable results from the effort
to find an aesthetically pleasing solution for the natural air ventilation and
circulation of the entrance of the zoo.
2.5.13 Stainless steel stairs
The stainless steel stairs of the
building besides allow users to access to
the highest building, it also act as
decorative element and is an impressive
part of a building. The stainless steel
staircase used outside the building is
100% recyclable and a maintenance free
material.
25. TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY: SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING, AND DESIGN 24 | P a g e
CONCLUSION
The most prominent buildings in Zoo Negara are at the main entrance area which
was designed in post-modern and mid-century architectural style. However, as a whole, Zoo
Negara was not only built in one era of architecture style, the buildings inside the area are
the evidence of the journey gone through by the zoo. Aside of the modern and post-modern
elements mentioned in the previous clarification, several buildings inside the zoo. Taken as
examples are: The Education Centre building is derived from Malaysian traditional
architecture, Rumah Melayu, featuring vertical balcony bars, Minangkabau roofs, Rumah
Panggung, usage of local timber for wall, etc.; The Panda Conservation Centre Building built
in 2013 is a contemporary building with flowing roof, full-height and frameless glass
window, simple and fine texture of the wall with several stripes of color.
To be concluded, Zoo Negara is a rich source of architectural heritage dated from
Malaysia post-independence until present. It shows the journey of architecture including
Malaysia’s own style, how it answers the architects’ different expressions from time to time.
Notwithstanding, the environment made for the animals being kept inside the zoo is not
genuinely proper and healthy as most of the cages are dirty, small, and not taken care well.
It will be greater if the government is to put more attention to the animals’ interests.
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REFERENCES
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Columbia University Press (2012). MOern Architecture. Accessed on 13 November 2015,
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Kramer, Douglas (2005). What is Modern?. Accessed on 13 November 2015, from
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L., Stanecy (2012). Barrel Vault Architecture: Where and How were Barrel Vaults Used?.
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