The document summarizes a study on Lamban Tuha, a type of traditional house in South Sumatra, Indonesia. It discusses the following key points:
1. Lamban Tuha has demonstrated local wisdom in its construction techniques, which provide flexibility and help the structures withstand earthquakes. Notable elements include the use of nail-less timber joinery and a separation of the house into lower, middle, and upper parts.
2. A phenomenological study examined the physical characteristics and construction of two surviving Lamban Tuha houses. These houses date back over 100 years and were the only structures left standing after a devastating 1933 earthquake.
3. The simple and symmetrical design of Lamban Tuha, use
The document discusses sustainability in architecture from traditional and modern perspectives. It summarizes that traditional architecture was more sustainable due to use of local materials, passive design techniques, joint family structures, and production of own resources. However, modern architecture focuses more on artificial comfort through advanced technologies and materials with high embodied energy, leading to less sustainability. While technology is important, traditional principles of simplicity, resource efficiency and climate responsiveness provide lessons for creating sustainable modern architecture.
The paper analyzes the architecture of two regions in South-East Asia namely Kashmir, a state in Northern India, and Bhutan, a country located on the southern slopes of the Eastern Himalayas to challenge the uncritical adoption of values and building techniques associated with Western architecture, often inappropriate for climate and local labor, to question the notion of benefit from the perspective of sustainability. In doing so it seeks to support the cause of vernacular Architecture and also further its incorporation in contemporary sustainable building design.
House Design Architecture Based on Bugis Ethnic the Local Wisdom of the Envir...Premier Publishers
The research method used in this study is qualitative research. The location of this reserach at the Bone, Soppeng, and wajo Regencies, located in South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia we choses the tree area because this area is a central of the Bugis tribe. Data collection by open interview for 150 people were still understand design of house based on the Bugis ethnic's local wisdom, understanding the supporting factors and obstacles for the development of visible designs, and the method used to implement design appearing to the stakeholders. A qualitative descriptive analysis technique, conducted to analyzing each variables, consisting of front of their houses, the contour of the land facing the direction higher and flat, the position facing the main road and second road, and the slope and shape of the roof, that is data selection, data presentation, analysis of interpretation, and conclusion. The results of the study showed that they built the front of their houses according to the local wisdom of the Bugis ethnic, the houses were built in such a way that the position of the house should be facing east, the contour of the land facing the direction higher and flat, the position facing the main road and second road, the slope of the roof should be 27 to 35 degrees, the shape of the roof should be saddle and shield.
This document discusses Ethiopian vernacular bamboo architecture and its potential for adaptation in modern urban housing. It provides details on bamboo resources in Ethiopia, traditional Sidama housing construction processes and materials, and socio-cultural and environmental aspects of vernacular architecture. While vernacular architecture is adapted to the local climate and uses sustainable resources, challenges to its wider adoption include a lack of bamboo recognition in building codes, limited markets and awareness, and disconnect between stakeholders. Adapting vernacular approaches could help reduce the construction industry's environmental footprint.
Importance of climate to architectural designs in nigeriaAgboola Paul
This paper reiterates the need for
architects/designers to design in relation to climate, in order to achieve pleasantly,
comfortable and conducive structures that ensure physiological and psychological
the comfort of the occupants. As a result of which, there will be a reduction in
the substantial amount expended by people to achieve thermal comfort within and
around the building, through the use of mechanically controlled measures
The Changing Face of a Village’s Architecture in Southeast NigeriaYogeshIJTSRD
Architecture in a Nigerian town, Adazi Nnukwu, Anambra State has gone from Neolithic to International Style, from the use of clay products to concrete, steel and glass. The small town’s architecture that was predominantly mud buildings in the 1980s are today, covered with concrete and steel buildings and appeared International style. The term International Style covers buildings and architects of the formative decades of modernism. The unguided growth and explosion in the architecture of the small town has resulted in a confused architectural modules and difficult to classify by any standards. This paper aims to indicate the new trend and shift in the architecture of the small town from Neolithic to International Style or an undetermined style. It adopted content base analysis where the authors laid emphasis on the works of previous authors in the field. Adazi Nnukwu struggles with different styles of architecture for her post modern, urban to suburban architectural growth and has not embraced a particular architectural style, but the architecture of different historic periods including, but not limited to neoclassical architecture. The confusion in the classification of the town’s architecture has led to different opinions especially, with the fragmentation, non liner process of design, interest in manipulating ideas of a structure’s surface or skin, and apparent non Euclidean geometry non rectilinear shapes which serve to distort and dislocate some of the elements of their architecture that some considered, deconstructivism and has stuck and has now, in fact, come to embrace a general trend within their contemporary architecture. Bons Obiadi N | Vitalis Irouke | H. I. Ivoke | Emmanuel Kikanme | Chinwe I. Mgbajiaka "The Changing Face of a Village’s Architecture in Southeast Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41195.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/41195/the-changing-face-of-a-village’s-architecture-in-southeast-nigeria/bons-obiadi-n
This document discusses traditional bamboo housing construction techniques in Ethiopia, with a case study on the Sidama house. It notes that Ethiopia has a growing urban population and need for sustainable construction materials. It describes two species of indigenous bamboo used traditionally for housing, tools, storage, and other purposes. The Sidama house is highlighted as a traditional roundhouse constructed using split bamboo plaited techniques, with details on its domed roof and other bamboo elements. The document proposes adopting these traditional bamboo construction methods more widely to address housing needs in a sustainable, socially acceptable way, though initial costs may be higher.
Domestic Possessions and Space Adequacy in Urban Homes drboon
As economies and societies transform, housing models need to be modified accordingly to reflect the changes in demand and the shifts in living standards. This study seeks to ascertain whether the recently built private housing schemes provide adequate amount of space to meet the requirements of present-day living, considering the importance of domestic materials as instruments for domestic organization in modern homes. Data was collected by a questionnaire survey designed to elicit information on residents’ attitudes towards the adequacy of the available space in their homes with regard to their belongings. Result from 179 residents of medium cost housing in the Klang Valley area of Malaysia indicates that the available home space seems inadequate. The provision of storage and circulation is also a cause for concern. The findings may be used to enhance urban housing design by incorporating the contemporary understanding of beliefs and ideologies attached to the home.
The document discusses sustainability in architecture from traditional and modern perspectives. It summarizes that traditional architecture was more sustainable due to use of local materials, passive design techniques, joint family structures, and production of own resources. However, modern architecture focuses more on artificial comfort through advanced technologies and materials with high embodied energy, leading to less sustainability. While technology is important, traditional principles of simplicity, resource efficiency and climate responsiveness provide lessons for creating sustainable modern architecture.
The paper analyzes the architecture of two regions in South-East Asia namely Kashmir, a state in Northern India, and Bhutan, a country located on the southern slopes of the Eastern Himalayas to challenge the uncritical adoption of values and building techniques associated with Western architecture, often inappropriate for climate and local labor, to question the notion of benefit from the perspective of sustainability. In doing so it seeks to support the cause of vernacular Architecture and also further its incorporation in contemporary sustainable building design.
House Design Architecture Based on Bugis Ethnic the Local Wisdom of the Envir...Premier Publishers
The research method used in this study is qualitative research. The location of this reserach at the Bone, Soppeng, and wajo Regencies, located in South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia we choses the tree area because this area is a central of the Bugis tribe. Data collection by open interview for 150 people were still understand design of house based on the Bugis ethnic's local wisdom, understanding the supporting factors and obstacles for the development of visible designs, and the method used to implement design appearing to the stakeholders. A qualitative descriptive analysis technique, conducted to analyzing each variables, consisting of front of their houses, the contour of the land facing the direction higher and flat, the position facing the main road and second road, and the slope and shape of the roof, that is data selection, data presentation, analysis of interpretation, and conclusion. The results of the study showed that they built the front of their houses according to the local wisdom of the Bugis ethnic, the houses were built in such a way that the position of the house should be facing east, the contour of the land facing the direction higher and flat, the position facing the main road and second road, the slope of the roof should be 27 to 35 degrees, the shape of the roof should be saddle and shield.
This document discusses Ethiopian vernacular bamboo architecture and its potential for adaptation in modern urban housing. It provides details on bamboo resources in Ethiopia, traditional Sidama housing construction processes and materials, and socio-cultural and environmental aspects of vernacular architecture. While vernacular architecture is adapted to the local climate and uses sustainable resources, challenges to its wider adoption include a lack of bamboo recognition in building codes, limited markets and awareness, and disconnect between stakeholders. Adapting vernacular approaches could help reduce the construction industry's environmental footprint.
Importance of climate to architectural designs in nigeriaAgboola Paul
This paper reiterates the need for
architects/designers to design in relation to climate, in order to achieve pleasantly,
comfortable and conducive structures that ensure physiological and psychological
the comfort of the occupants. As a result of which, there will be a reduction in
the substantial amount expended by people to achieve thermal comfort within and
around the building, through the use of mechanically controlled measures
The Changing Face of a Village’s Architecture in Southeast NigeriaYogeshIJTSRD
Architecture in a Nigerian town, Adazi Nnukwu, Anambra State has gone from Neolithic to International Style, from the use of clay products to concrete, steel and glass. The small town’s architecture that was predominantly mud buildings in the 1980s are today, covered with concrete and steel buildings and appeared International style. The term International Style covers buildings and architects of the formative decades of modernism. The unguided growth and explosion in the architecture of the small town has resulted in a confused architectural modules and difficult to classify by any standards. This paper aims to indicate the new trend and shift in the architecture of the small town from Neolithic to International Style or an undetermined style. It adopted content base analysis where the authors laid emphasis on the works of previous authors in the field. Adazi Nnukwu struggles with different styles of architecture for her post modern, urban to suburban architectural growth and has not embraced a particular architectural style, but the architecture of different historic periods including, but not limited to neoclassical architecture. The confusion in the classification of the town’s architecture has led to different opinions especially, with the fragmentation, non liner process of design, interest in manipulating ideas of a structure’s surface or skin, and apparent non Euclidean geometry non rectilinear shapes which serve to distort and dislocate some of the elements of their architecture that some considered, deconstructivism and has stuck and has now, in fact, come to embrace a general trend within their contemporary architecture. Bons Obiadi N | Vitalis Irouke | H. I. Ivoke | Emmanuel Kikanme | Chinwe I. Mgbajiaka "The Changing Face of a Village’s Architecture in Southeast Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41195.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/41195/the-changing-face-of-a-village’s-architecture-in-southeast-nigeria/bons-obiadi-n
This document discusses traditional bamboo housing construction techniques in Ethiopia, with a case study on the Sidama house. It notes that Ethiopia has a growing urban population and need for sustainable construction materials. It describes two species of indigenous bamboo used traditionally for housing, tools, storage, and other purposes. The Sidama house is highlighted as a traditional roundhouse constructed using split bamboo plaited techniques, with details on its domed roof and other bamboo elements. The document proposes adopting these traditional bamboo construction methods more widely to address housing needs in a sustainable, socially acceptable way, though initial costs may be higher.
Domestic Possessions and Space Adequacy in Urban Homes drboon
As economies and societies transform, housing models need to be modified accordingly to reflect the changes in demand and the shifts in living standards. This study seeks to ascertain whether the recently built private housing schemes provide adequate amount of space to meet the requirements of present-day living, considering the importance of domestic materials as instruments for domestic organization in modern homes. Data was collected by a questionnaire survey designed to elicit information on residents’ attitudes towards the adequacy of the available space in their homes with regard to their belongings. Result from 179 residents of medium cost housing in the Klang Valley area of Malaysia indicates that the available home space seems inadequate. The provision of storage and circulation is also a cause for concern. The findings may be used to enhance urban housing design by incorporating the contemporary understanding of beliefs and ideologies attached to the home.
vernacular architecture in context to Climate ChangeJanmejoy Gupta
The document discusses vernacular architecture and its importance for climate-responsive design. It explores examples of vernacular architecture from regions of India like Kerala and Kutch. Key determinants of vernacular design identified are climate, locally available materials, construction techniques, and socio-cultural influences. Lessons from traditional structures like use of thermal mass, ventilation, shading and passive cooling principles need to be understood and incorporated in modern construction to fight climate change.
Several factors influenced traditional house forms, including climate, materials, technology, culture and site conditions. While climate initially drove early shelters, culture became more influential over time as societies evolved. Houses came to symbolize cultural practices and beliefs, with spaces organized according to social hierarchies and religious symbols incorporated. Site constraints like flooding or earthquakes also directly shaped house designs in some areas. Overall, houses reflected and reinforced the collective understanding and identity of their communities.
Urban Courtyard Housing Form as a Response to Human Need, Culture and Environ...IJERA Editor
Courtyard housing is an important dwelling type in human history. It was founded in many ancient histories of
different countries and climate zones. Many factors influenced certain types and forms of urban courtyard
houses in order to create better living environments. This study try to explore some criticize points about basic
human needs of courtyards. Which it refers to environmental and social backgrounds during past times, which it
selected to analyze two contemporary types of traditional sample work in Baghdad.
Drawings and framework used to understand the ideology of courtyards as well as other factors related to
territory, society, psychology, culture and environment. Religion and traditions of Baghdad have played a
special role. Through time and across cultures, territorial and environmental factors were found to be highly
relevant to almost all the courtyard-housing forms. This study might be helpful for architects where they
undertake contemporary design works
This document summarizes a study of traditional courtyard houses in Babul, Iran. It finds that most houses are two-sided with a north-south orientation. Living spaces are arranged around a central courtyard, providing privacy. Massing includes two-story main buildings and one-story service areas. Courtyards include ponds, trees, and balconies facing inward (older houses) or outward (newer houses). The design promotes cross ventilation and utilizes courtyards, balconies, and verandas to adapt to the moderate climate throughout the year. Occupants frequently use different spaces seasonally to maintain thermal comfort.
This document provides an introduction to vernacular architecture, including its definition and key characteristics. Vernacular architecture evolves over time based on the local environmental, cultural, and historical context. It utilizes indigenous building materials and methods. The document discusses the origins and various approaches to studying vernacular architecture, including aesthetic, anthropological, and architectural approaches. Climate, culture, materials, and construction techniques are some of the main influences on vernacular building forms. The importance of studying vernacular architecture for insights into sustainable design principles is also highlighted.
This document compares a traditional Sherpa house in Nepal to a modern sustainable building called the Himalesque. Both buildings are constructed primarily of locally sourced stone and are located at high altitudes near mountain ranges. While the Sherpa house relies on vernacular methods using materials like wood and clay, the Himalesque incorporates modern elements like glass to improve ventilation and lighting. However, it also respects vernacular values by using local labor and stone, and blending into the environment. The document concludes that in this case, the Himalesque successfully incorporated vernacular principles into a contemporary sustainable design.
Identifying the Sustainable Practices from the Vernacular Architecture of Tri...drboon
This document summarizes a study on the sustainable practices of tribal settlements in Central India.
The study identifies three main typologies of tribal settlements based on size and structure: 1) Larger villages of 1000-1500 houses located on plains where tribes live on the outskirts, 2) Smaller linear settlements of 150 houses located near larger villages, and 3) Scattered clusters of 3-4 houses in hilly forested areas.
The study also identifies four main typologies of tribal housing based on spatial configuration: 1) Larger farmhouse style with enclosed yards, 2) Elongated houses arranged linearly along streets, 3) Clustered rectangular structures with internal partitions, and 4) Elongated structures under a
This document provides details about Zoo Negara, the first national zoo in Malaysia. It discusses the history and founding of the zoo, with key facts like its opening in 1963. It also profiles the architect, Kington Loo, who designed many of the zoo's original buildings in a modernist style. The document then analyzes specific buildings at the zoo through sections on site context, architectural style, construction materials, and elements. It identifies the styles as modern, postmodern and traditional Malaysian, and notes materials like steel, glass, concrete and stone.
A GUIDE PROPOSAL FOR RELOCATION PRACTICES IN CONSERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HE...Renee Lewis
This document discusses guidelines for relocating architectural heritage structures to preserve cultural identity. It outlines the decision making, preparation, implementation, and post-implementation processes involved in relocating historical buildings. Examples from history show structures being moved through various techniques as technology advanced. Creating standardized relocation guidelines can help make more informed decisions to minimize damage and better conserve cultural heritage structures.
The document provides details about a technical seminar presentation on vernacular architecture in civil engineering. The presentation covers the introduction to vernacular architecture, literature review on previous papers about the topic, an overview of vernacular architecture including its influences and construction materials used. It also discusses vernacular elements and examples of vernacular architecture seen in different regions of India, specifically highlighting architecture in hot and dry climate zones.
DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF HAUSA HOU...Agboola Paul
Traditional buildings across Nigeria’s geographical zones are known to have demonstrated a thorough response to the climate, local technology and socio-economic milieu in which they evolved. The origin of these different traditional building body associates with the natural materials availability to the local builders as well as religious belief, cultural and taboos. The advent of colonialism in Nigeria changed the traditional life and culture of Nigerian which creates a weak connection between traditional architecture and contemporary architecture in Nigeria. Most recent buildings designs across Hausa regions in Nigeria have been built with imported materials and the construction techniques tailored to satisfy the modernity self-ego and aspirations. Thus, traditional architecture ought not to be abandoned and forgotten, hence; experts’ awareness should be tailored to the understanding of its original essence.
The document discusses using bamboo panels as a sustainable building material for cultural heritage buildings. It notes several issues with maintaining cultural heritage buildings in Indonesia, including damage from the humid tropical climate, lack of attention and funding, and shortage of skilled preservation workers. Bamboo is presented as a potential solution as it grows quickly, is sustainable, and was traditionally used in Indonesian architecture. The discussion argues bamboo can help preserve cultural heritage buildings through adaptive reuse, maintaining the structures while giving them new functions that benefit the community.
A review of the House, Form and Culture by Amos Rapoport Prasad Thanthratey
A presentation on review of the book "House, Form, and Culture" by Amos Rapoport from students of 6th Semester of architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (Jan-March 2016)
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies interms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential shortcomings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies in terms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential short comings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
The document summarizes the construction technology and materials used in traditional Malla houses in Nepal. It discusses that Malla houses are typically 3 stories tall, made of locally available materials like brick, mud, timber and stone. Brick is used for walls, timber for columns, rafters and roof structure. Mud is used along with brick. Notable features include the ornate carved wooden doors and windows, and the large living room window called Sajhya. The ground floor is not used for living due to dampness. Symmetry is emphasized in the facade design. The construction techniques demonstrate skillful use of materials like timber to create pitched roofs.
The document summarizes the construction technology and materials used in traditional Malla houses in Nepal. It discusses that Malla houses are typically 3 stories tall, made of locally available materials like brick, mud, timber and stone. Brick is used for walls, timber for columns, rafters and roof structure. Mud is used along with brick. Notable features include the ornate carved wooden doors and windows, and the large living room window called Sajhya. The ground floor is not used for living due to dampness. Symmetry is emphasized in the facade design. The construction techniques demonstrate skillful use of materials like timber to create pitched roofs.
The Master of Architecture in Collective Housing program is a postgraduate program presented by Universidad Politécnica of Madrid and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology that focuses on advanced design of collective housing through workshops led by international architects and specialties in related topics; the program includes 7 workshops, 7 specialties, and a research module to elevate housing design through scientific analysis of projects around the world.
11(7) 2020 ITJEMAST's published research articlesdrboon
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between positivity, positive affect, negative affect, and perceived stress among cardiac patients. The study hypothesized that perceived stress would mediate the relationship between positivity and positive/negative affect. Researchers surveyed 519 cardiac patients, assessing positivity, perceived stress, and positive/negative affect. The results found that perceived stress mediated the relationship between positive affect and positivity, as well as between negative affect and positivity. Specifically, positivity was negatively correlated with negative affect and perceived stress, while perceived stress was positively correlated with negative affect. The findings suggest that reducing stress and increasing positive emotions can help reduce negative feelings in cardiac patients.
vernacular architecture in context to Climate ChangeJanmejoy Gupta
The document discusses vernacular architecture and its importance for climate-responsive design. It explores examples of vernacular architecture from regions of India like Kerala and Kutch. Key determinants of vernacular design identified are climate, locally available materials, construction techniques, and socio-cultural influences. Lessons from traditional structures like use of thermal mass, ventilation, shading and passive cooling principles need to be understood and incorporated in modern construction to fight climate change.
Several factors influenced traditional house forms, including climate, materials, technology, culture and site conditions. While climate initially drove early shelters, culture became more influential over time as societies evolved. Houses came to symbolize cultural practices and beliefs, with spaces organized according to social hierarchies and religious symbols incorporated. Site constraints like flooding or earthquakes also directly shaped house designs in some areas. Overall, houses reflected and reinforced the collective understanding and identity of their communities.
Urban Courtyard Housing Form as a Response to Human Need, Culture and Environ...IJERA Editor
Courtyard housing is an important dwelling type in human history. It was founded in many ancient histories of
different countries and climate zones. Many factors influenced certain types and forms of urban courtyard
houses in order to create better living environments. This study try to explore some criticize points about basic
human needs of courtyards. Which it refers to environmental and social backgrounds during past times, which it
selected to analyze two contemporary types of traditional sample work in Baghdad.
Drawings and framework used to understand the ideology of courtyards as well as other factors related to
territory, society, psychology, culture and environment. Religion and traditions of Baghdad have played a
special role. Through time and across cultures, territorial and environmental factors were found to be highly
relevant to almost all the courtyard-housing forms. This study might be helpful for architects where they
undertake contemporary design works
This document summarizes a study of traditional courtyard houses in Babul, Iran. It finds that most houses are two-sided with a north-south orientation. Living spaces are arranged around a central courtyard, providing privacy. Massing includes two-story main buildings and one-story service areas. Courtyards include ponds, trees, and balconies facing inward (older houses) or outward (newer houses). The design promotes cross ventilation and utilizes courtyards, balconies, and verandas to adapt to the moderate climate throughout the year. Occupants frequently use different spaces seasonally to maintain thermal comfort.
This document provides an introduction to vernacular architecture, including its definition and key characteristics. Vernacular architecture evolves over time based on the local environmental, cultural, and historical context. It utilizes indigenous building materials and methods. The document discusses the origins and various approaches to studying vernacular architecture, including aesthetic, anthropological, and architectural approaches. Climate, culture, materials, and construction techniques are some of the main influences on vernacular building forms. The importance of studying vernacular architecture for insights into sustainable design principles is also highlighted.
This document compares a traditional Sherpa house in Nepal to a modern sustainable building called the Himalesque. Both buildings are constructed primarily of locally sourced stone and are located at high altitudes near mountain ranges. While the Sherpa house relies on vernacular methods using materials like wood and clay, the Himalesque incorporates modern elements like glass to improve ventilation and lighting. However, it also respects vernacular values by using local labor and stone, and blending into the environment. The document concludes that in this case, the Himalesque successfully incorporated vernacular principles into a contemporary sustainable design.
Identifying the Sustainable Practices from the Vernacular Architecture of Tri...drboon
This document summarizes a study on the sustainable practices of tribal settlements in Central India.
The study identifies three main typologies of tribal settlements based on size and structure: 1) Larger villages of 1000-1500 houses located on plains where tribes live on the outskirts, 2) Smaller linear settlements of 150 houses located near larger villages, and 3) Scattered clusters of 3-4 houses in hilly forested areas.
The study also identifies four main typologies of tribal housing based on spatial configuration: 1) Larger farmhouse style with enclosed yards, 2) Elongated houses arranged linearly along streets, 3) Clustered rectangular structures with internal partitions, and 4) Elongated structures under a
This document provides details about Zoo Negara, the first national zoo in Malaysia. It discusses the history and founding of the zoo, with key facts like its opening in 1963. It also profiles the architect, Kington Loo, who designed many of the zoo's original buildings in a modernist style. The document then analyzes specific buildings at the zoo through sections on site context, architectural style, construction materials, and elements. It identifies the styles as modern, postmodern and traditional Malaysian, and notes materials like steel, glass, concrete and stone.
A GUIDE PROPOSAL FOR RELOCATION PRACTICES IN CONSERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HE...Renee Lewis
This document discusses guidelines for relocating architectural heritage structures to preserve cultural identity. It outlines the decision making, preparation, implementation, and post-implementation processes involved in relocating historical buildings. Examples from history show structures being moved through various techniques as technology advanced. Creating standardized relocation guidelines can help make more informed decisions to minimize damage and better conserve cultural heritage structures.
The document provides details about a technical seminar presentation on vernacular architecture in civil engineering. The presentation covers the introduction to vernacular architecture, literature review on previous papers about the topic, an overview of vernacular architecture including its influences and construction materials used. It also discusses vernacular elements and examples of vernacular architecture seen in different regions of India, specifically highlighting architecture in hot and dry climate zones.
DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF HAUSA HOU...Agboola Paul
Traditional buildings across Nigeria’s geographical zones are known to have demonstrated a thorough response to the climate, local technology and socio-economic milieu in which they evolved. The origin of these different traditional building body associates with the natural materials availability to the local builders as well as religious belief, cultural and taboos. The advent of colonialism in Nigeria changed the traditional life and culture of Nigerian which creates a weak connection between traditional architecture and contemporary architecture in Nigeria. Most recent buildings designs across Hausa regions in Nigeria have been built with imported materials and the construction techniques tailored to satisfy the modernity self-ego and aspirations. Thus, traditional architecture ought not to be abandoned and forgotten, hence; experts’ awareness should be tailored to the understanding of its original essence.
The document discusses using bamboo panels as a sustainable building material for cultural heritage buildings. It notes several issues with maintaining cultural heritage buildings in Indonesia, including damage from the humid tropical climate, lack of attention and funding, and shortage of skilled preservation workers. Bamboo is presented as a potential solution as it grows quickly, is sustainable, and was traditionally used in Indonesian architecture. The discussion argues bamboo can help preserve cultural heritage buildings through adaptive reuse, maintaining the structures while giving them new functions that benefit the community.
A review of the House, Form and Culture by Amos Rapoport Prasad Thanthratey
A presentation on review of the book "House, Form, and Culture" by Amos Rapoport from students of 6th Semester of architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (Jan-March 2016)
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies interms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential shortcomings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies in terms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential short comings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
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The Phenomenology of Lamban Tuha: The Local Wisdom of South Sumatra Traditional Architecture
1. 2013 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies.
International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies
http://TuEngr.com
The Phenomenology of Lamban Tuha: The Local
Wisdom of South Sumatra Traditional Architecture
a,b*
Ari Siswanto
Ahmad Hariza
b
b
, Azizah Salim Binti Syed Salim , Nur Dalilah Dahlan ,
c
a
Faculty of Engineering, University of Sriwijaya, INDONESIA
Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, MALAYSIA
c
Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, MALAYSIA
b
ARTICLEINFO
A B S T RA C T
Article history:
Received 20 July 2012
Received in revised form
23 January 2013
Accepted 08 February 2013
Available online
14 February 2013
Local wisdom of traditional architecture is towards
extinction along with the existence an increasingly neglected
traditional house, including the one who understands it reduced
drastically. Lamban Tuha in South Sumatra has demonstrated the
ability to adapt to its environment and able to withstand natural
catastrophes. The study used phenomenological method to reveal
information from the first person who is considered experts on the
local wisdom of Lamban Tuha. This study shows the construction
of kalindang provide an excellence effect of providing high
flexibility in case of earthquakes. The separation structure
between lower, middle and upper parts is done to give building
more flexible. Local wisdom is reflections of valuable experience
which can be utilized as the concept of a sustainable housing
development in the context of anticipate natural disasters. The
existence of Lamban Tuha is an interesting experience that can be
used as thoughts on designing earthquake resistant buildings.
Keywords:
Phenomenology;
Local wisdom;
Traditional architecture;
Lamban tuha,
Earthquake resistant
structures.
2013 INT TRANS J ENG MANAG SCI TECH.
1. Introduction
South Sumatra has a rich history of diverse culture that is very stunning in architectural
treasures. Culture is an expression of society in adapting to an environment adapted to the
*Corresponding
author
(A.
Siswanto).
Tel.
+60173167312
Email
address:
ari_sisw58@yahoo.co.id
2013. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 4 No.2 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN
1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V04/157-170.pdf
157
2. necessities of life. One of the cultural heritages in architecture is traditional ulu house type
called lamban tuha. Lamban tuha which means ancient house reflects the traditional house
which resist to earthquake. Typical houses in Surabaya village are ulu house and gudang
house. Ulu house is the common term for a traditional house outside the city of Palembang
while gudang house types can be found in all areas in South Sumatra (Barendregt, 2003;
Siregar and Abu, 1985). Ulu house recognized by the local community and are classified as
lamban tuha, currently amounted two houses. The existence of lamban tuha 1 very impressive
considering the house has been occupied for 11 generations. According to the heirs, lamban
tuha 1 was founded first in the hamlet of Canti (now a forest), then it moved to Surabaya Talang
village and finally lamban tuha moved to Surabaya village in Banding Agung sub district
which closes to Lake Ranau.
One exceptional of lamban tuhas are the elastic ability of those traditional buildings
against earthquake that happen in Liwa, Lampung province in 1933. Both lamban tuhas are
the only building that remained standing despite the devastating earthquake in 1933, while the
other buildings in the village of Surabaya collapsed and mostly flattened to the ground. Typical
system of traditional construction similar to lamban tuha is only about four houses including
the new ones.
Lack of attention from the public and local government and the financial inability of
lamban tuha’s owners will caused the loss of assets in term of local wisdom (Oliver, 2006).
Traditional houses in South Sumatra have demonstrated exceptional indigenous knowledge of
our ancestors in shaping the quality of their lives. This indigenous knowledge will regain its
meaning and value in the society, we should aware of the glory of the inherited tradition. The
bearers of indigenous knowledge might be developed in recent and future for sustainable
housing development.
2. Methodology
Phenomenological approach is an attempt to reveal a phenomenology of the experience
from a person in everyday life in the context of the time, place and consciousness (Creswell,
1998). Context of time has to do with history, important events, technology and character.
Context of place has to do with users, objects, physical space, the atmosphere and the
158
Ari Siswanto, Azizah Salim Binti Syed Salim, Nur Dalilah Dahlan and Ahmad Hariza
3. environment of human life. While the context of feeling have to do with experience, awareness
and knowledge visible and invisible. Based on the objectives, this research used
phenomenological method. In addition to in-depth interviews were carried out against the
respondents, this research will also see the relevance of the information provided with the
environmental conditions around it, the existence of traditional houses and history of the
houses. The first information obtained by previous research, community leaders, the owner or
tenant on the basis of their advices, and then traced the people who have a relationship with
traditional houses such as local builders, carpenters, local leaders and experts (Satori and
Komariah, 2009). Data collection will be primary data which consists of in-depth interview,
physical traditional houses and secondary data which consists of literature, journal and
research.
3. Analysis
Three analyses are used in this research: a description, a comparison, and an evaluation.
The description is about architecture style, system structure and detail of structures which are
related to the environment, philosophy and their indigenous techniques. Interpretation of local
wisdom of traditional architecture would be conducted as a part of description with sources of
the owners / users, local community leaders, experts and local carpenters. The comparison is
between the people experiences in applying local wisdom.
4. Discussion
4.1 Physical Characteristic of Lamban Tuha
Traditional knowledge, indigenous knowledge, and local knowledge refer to the
long-standing traditions and practices of certain regional, indigenous, or local communities.
Therefore, traditional knowledge also encompasses the wisdom, knowledge, and teachings of
these communities. Traditional knowledge has been orally accepted for generations from
person to person. The wisdom in creating natural system of thermal comfort is often found in
traditional architecture (Hardiman, 2000). Slightly different, lamban tuha has shown evidence
of local wisdom in the traditional house in anticipation of natural disasters such as earthquake.
Meanwhile, result from collective local wisdom of the contextual been able to adjust over time
and was attuned with nature and local lifestyle (Limthongsakul et al, 2005).
*Corresponding
author
(A.
Siswanto).
Tel.
+60173167312
Email
address:
ari_sisw58@yahoo.co.id
2013. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 4 No.2 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN
1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V04/157-170.pdf
159
4. Vernacular that related to the process of designed and built it usually close relation
between the form and the culture. Vernacular architecture has limitation in delivering a variety
of expression however, at the same time in accordance with the characteristics of different
situations can create their respective places (Rapoport, 1969). Similar to the traditional
buildings in most parts of Indonesia, the South Sumatra traditional house shows characteristics
of timber buildings on stilts in different system structure based on the geography while others is
a kind of raft house. Due to different environment and culture, indigenous knowledge creates
traditional architecture which is adaptive with their environments. South Sumatra traditional
houses could be dismantled and rebuild in another location with mostly reusing of origin
housing materials. The typical construction of traditional house is with flexible nail-less joints,
and non-load bearing walls.
Lamban tuha has saddle-shaped roof that rise high and put the tiber angin (gable end) on
front and rear parts of the roof (Figure 1). The high rise roof has rake cross at the top as other ulu
house type. Distinctive roof form, relatively high and in accordance with the dimensions of the
house can create the beauty that is easily recognizable from a distance (Zumthor, 1998). The
construction of roof related to large span, wind and rain in specific areas. In different
geography, dwellings including roof, reflect the local knowledge, local technology and
environment (Ohno and Xihui, 2008). It explained very detail about roof structure, roof layer
construction and support systems for pitched roof. Conventional construction systems of
pitched roof in many countries always related to environmental conditions, cultural aspects and
local knowledge, it is typically seen in traditional houses such as lamban tuha. In general, the
roof truss structure of lamban tuha is very simple. Minimized the weight of steep roof of
traditional houses is an important issue for smart construction (Gruber and Herbig, 2007).
Expenses due to own weight, the wind and earthquake can reduce the risk of severe damage to
the roof.
Lower construction part of lamban tuha is a series of pillars that have stone footings
combined with a pile of round logs in rectangular shaped without finishing. Stacks of logs with
a square form support the building load known as the kalindang. Kalindang which has 7 – 11
layers of logs uses the notch on each layer as connection (Figure 5). However, not all parts of
the house supported by kalindang. Lamban tuha has a stair for entrance on the front side to
toward the garang/porch and the other in the rear for services. Porch is a transition space before
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Ari Siswanto, Azizah Salim Binti Syed Salim, Nur Dalilah Dahlan and Ahmad Hariza
5. entering the house and serves for guests or a place to sit on an informal basis. The floor surface
in different rooms in lamban tuha has no height difference.
Figure 1: Lamban tuha 1 (left) and lamban tuha 2 (right).
The composition of rooms in lamban tuha is very simple and tends to be symmetrical.
Arrangement of rooms on lamban tuha is as follows:
a. Garang (porch), a transition space.
b. Lapang unggak (living room)
c. Lapang doh (dining room)
d. Lapang tengah (bedroom)
e. Kebik (front porch)
f. Parogan (side porch), storage for goods or old coconuts.
g. Dapo (kitchen)
h. Pagu hantu (attic), a place to store the heirlooms and spears sacred objects.
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6. Figure 2: Floor plan of lamban tuha 1(left) and changing orientation of lamban tuha 2 (right).
Lamban tuha 1 is still the original shape as before; there has been no change in orientation
and buildings addition (Figure 2). In contrast to the lamban tuha 1, lamban tuha 2 has changed
the orientation of the building and built new stair due to consider the access road (Figure 2). At
first, lamban tuha 2 facing Qibla (west), then converted facing east because the road
consideration. As a result, the main entrance at the western is cut and moved to the east by
making entrance door facing the north.
4.2 Local Wisdom of Lamban Tuha Acting as Earthquake Resistant
Based on the identification of floor plan, indigenous building materials and timber
construction system, lamban tuha has local wisdom that can be proved by experience that is
quite convincing during occupied by 11 generations (lamban tuha 1) and 6 generations (lamban
tuha 2) until today. During that time, lamban tuha 1 has moved for three times and hit by a
severe earthquake in 1933 which had destroyed all the buildings except lamban tuhas in the
village of Surabaya. The site selection to establish lamban tuha based on the land that has good
carrying capacity, far from the possibility of landslides or flooding. While the orientation of
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Ari Siswanto, Azizah Salim Binti Syed Salim, Nur Dalilah Dahlan and Ahmad Hariza
7. lamban tuhas face the Qibla, or in this case is the west. Until know, lamban tuhas never hit by
floods and landslides struck.
According to the informants, people who sleep in lamban tuha should put the head and feet
directed west to the east, may not sleep in addition to that direction. They believe there are
certain rules of superstitious that apply to lamban tuhas (Fishwick and Vinning, 1982). Attic is
an important part of the house is believed to be a sacred place, so this place is respected and
used to store the heirlooms of their ancestral heritage. Believe in a supernatural or who has the
power associated with the presence of the house is something that is common in the past.
Lamban tuha has a simple floor plan without a rigid division of rooms and tends to
symmetrical. This indicates if the relationship between family members is very close, open and
has the nature of togetherness. Social life and communication between family members are
very close and communal. The simplicity of the floor plan and symmetrical shape is very
precise from that anticipates the influence of the earthquake. Symmetrical shapes can create a
balance of construction in every corner of the house when rocked by an earthquake.
The effect of earthquake was the collapse buildings because of bad reinforcement
structures, unreinforced masonry walls and brick walls. On the other hand, timber houses
performed relatively well compare to brick house during the earthquakes (Maidiawati. and
Sanada, 2008). Traditional houses still stand usually because of using timber structure, lighter
building material, and applying flexibility of structure. Furthermore, materials and structures
that are used in traditional houses have been made to reduce the effects that occur in the event of
earthquake (Audefroy, 2011). Lamban tuha, a typical traditional house in South Sumatra has
identifiable timber structure which resist to earthquake.
Most of the sufferers of the
earthquake are the victims of collapsed concrete structures (Gruber, 2007). Building of
traditional architecture has a symmetrical shape and express in the form of floor plan and
facade. The concept of the design through the axis of symmetry generally implies a balance of
organization and function space with macro cosmos. Emphasizes a balance by referring to the
axis is the most elementary concepts of earthquake resistant buildings. Floor plan of lamban
tuha is a simple open plan design while the physical form of the house tends to be symmetrical
*Corresponding
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(A.
Siswanto).
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+60173167312
Email
address:
ari_sisw58@yahoo.co.id
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163
8. and proportional. The horizontal load displacement characteristics of a traditional timber house
can be simulated fairly well by adapting a mud wall and hanging wall models. This model is
embodiment of Japanese culture that has so concern about their familiar natural disaster such as
earthquake and typhoon (Fujita et al, 2004.). Most traditional houses in South Sumatra are
timber houses, only a small part of the house with bamboo or a combination of both.
Figure 3: Fundamental timber construction of press, pivot, pinch and pull.
When lamban tuha 1 was built, indigenous building materials were collected in advance by
soaking in Lake Ranau. After the perceived amount sufficient, then the house was built with no
nails, just using timber connection that is fundamental of press, pivot, pinch, and pull (Figure
3). The construction of lamban tuha could be dismantled because it has nail-less timber
construction (Figure 4). This typical construction can provide excellent flexibility in case of
oscillation due to earthquakes.
Figure 4: Nail-less timber construction of lamban tuha.
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Ari Siswanto, Azizah Salim Binti Syed Salim, Nur Dalilah Dahlan and Ahmad Hariza
9. In addition to separating the construction of the house with lower construction, the
separation is also reinforced by the provision of ijuk (palm fibres) on the stone footing between
stilts with beams, kalindang with beams, kalindang with stone footing and stack wood blocks
on kalindang (Figure 7). Interestingly, the fibres can be seen by its presence at the bottom
construction of lamban tuha 1 (Figure 7). The informant strongly believes that the palm fibres
can serve as a sort of bearing on the structure in anticipation of earthquake. Lamban tuha 2 does
not use palm fibres in separation between structures. This difference indicate if an
understanding of fibres function of bearing structures have not understood more as a local
wisdom.
Figure 5: Kalindang of lamban tuha 1 (9 layers) and kalindang lamban tuha 2 (11 layers).
Lamban tuha has three important parts of construction that is the bottom, the middle and
the upper (Figure 6). Construction of the bottom part is the poles and kalindangs, construction
of the middle part is the framework of the house while construction of the upper part is the roof
truss. Further information mentioned that the owner of lamban tuha 1 had planned a strong and
sturdy timber construction system but also can be flexible during an earthquake. The area
around Lake Ranau is prone to earthquake disaster. Therefore, the construction lamban tuha 1’s
body is separated by lower structure, the construction of the house just rested on the structure;
this gives the effect of high flexibility. In the context of house construction, there are interesting
things, piles on the outer wall are not in a straight line with stilts or in other words, the outer
wall is cantilever, about 30 cm from the composition of stilts.
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10. Earthquakes give bigger impact to reinforced concrete building than traditional building
(Dogangun et al, 2006). Relatively, most type of traditional building performed well during
earthquakes. Some tribes in Sumatera have local wisdom about timber construction which
resist to earthquake. Some type of traditional timber house construction which resist to
earthquake is not found in other areas such as traditional nias houses in North Sumatra, gadang
house in West Sumatra and lamban tuha in South Sumatra. Typical wood construction shows in
understanding the specific geographical conditions to adapt and survive. Lamban tuha 1 has
kalindang at four points while the lamban tuha 2 only has kalindang at two points. The number
of kalindang adapted to the dimensions of the house, the more spacious houses more kalindang
required.
Figure 6: The separation of structure into three parts (lower, middle and upper).
Lower construction of lamban tuha consists of stilts and wooden blocks shaped square
called kalindang (Figure 6). Poles and kalindangs as a whole bear lamban tuha. Poles and
kalindangs rested on stone footing, it also provides high flexibility in case of shaking during
earthquakes (Rautela and Joshi, 2008). This condition also can keep the timber from moisture
and termites influence.
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Ari Siswanto, Azizah Salim Binti Syed Salim, Nur Dalilah Dahlan and Ahmad Hariza
11. Based on the information, the main strength of the lamban tuha 1 is four pillars as main
structure inside the house that bear the beams, these beams become the basis for pillars in the
attic. Construction of lamban tuha 1 does not have a constant pillar intact from the bottom up to
the roof.
Figure 7: The lower structure of lamban tuha (kalindang and stone footings)
Traditional houses in Nias are based on the structure of vertical and slanted posts structures
placed on a stone footing. Vertical posts and X and V are strengthens the element of this
substructure. A three-dimensional structure offers greater resistance and has the elasticity
required for not sticking in the ground (Gruber, 2007). Based on the experience of local
communities, kalindang construction on the lamban tuha has a big role in anticipating the
effects of earthquakes.
South Sumatra traditional architecture belongs to the grand tradition and requires special
skills and expertise in indigenous knowledge. Traditional architecture is not only beautiful and
elegant but also has flexible nail-less construction that has been proven to be earthquake
resistant buildings. This technique adds to the flexibility of the house. Indigenous knowledge
there is representing local wisdom that people have developed for centuries. It is based on long
experience, adapted to local culture and environment.
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Siswanto).
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ari_sisw58@yahoo.co.id
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167
12. 5. Conclusion
In principle, lamban tuha have different lower construction system with other traditional
houses in South Sumatra. A series of stilts and kalindangs worked as a system that supports
the load of the house. The building is only supported by wooden pillars and beams as a
foundation and located above stone footing and the pile of timber logs (kalindang).
Besides kalindang, lamban tuha which has connections and details of timber without nails
believed to be powerful force able to withstand earthquake shaking. The timber connections are
very appropriate considering the tensile strength and shear caused by the earthquake. Placement
of kalindang to support the weight of the house is symmetrical and synergize with stilts resting
on stone footings. Overall, the timber connection practices form of press, pivot, pinch, and
pull with reinforced by the dowel.
Local wisdom is reflections of valuable experience from the South Sumatra traditional
architecture which can be utilized as the concept of a sustainable housing development in the
context of anticipate natural disasters such as floods, landslides and earthquakes.
The
existence of lamban tuha is an interesting experience of our ancestors that can be used as
thoughts on designing earthquake resistant buildings.
6. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to show gratitude to the respondents who took time and patience to
share their experience of phenomenology. Also the authors deliver high appreciation to the
University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia for providing financial support for field data collection.
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(A.
Siswanto).
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+60173167312
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address:
ari_sisw58@yahoo.co.id
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Ari Siswanto is a Ph.D. Student at the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Design and Architecture,
University Putra Malaysia. MALAYSIA. He is a lecturer at the Department of Architecture, Faculty of
Engineering, University of Sriwijaya. INDONESIA. He received a B.Sc. in Architecture from 10th
November Surabaya Institute of Technology, INDONESIA and Master of City & Regional Planning
from The Ohio State University, USA.
Dr. Azizah Salim is an Associate Professor of Department of Architecture at Universiti Putra Malaysia.
She received a B.Sc. in Architecture from Robert Gordon’s Institute of Technology, Aberdeen,
SCOTLAND and M.sc. from University College London. U.K. She holds a Ph.D. from University
Newcastle-upon-Tyne in U.K. Her interest is in research related to housing and development policies
Dr. Ahmad Hariza is an Associate Professor of Department of Architecture at Universiti Putra
Malaysia. MALAYSIA. He received a B.Sc. In Human Development from University Pertanian
Malaysia. MALAYSIA. He received M.Sc. and holds a Ph.D. from The University of Birmingham,
U.K. His research in housing involves person and environment relationship and housing studies.
Dr. Nur Dalilah Dahlan is a senior lecturer at the Department of Architecture at Universiti Putra
Malaysia. She received a B.Sc. in Architecture from University of Malaysia, MALAYSIA and M.sc.
In Architecture from Universiti Putra Malaysia. MALAYSIA. She holds a Ph.D. from Cardiff
University. U.K. Her interest is in studies how people behave in response to their sensual perceptions
when exposed to architectural ambiances developed using passive design approaches.
Peer Review: This article has been internationally peer-reviewed and accepted for publication
according to the guidelines given at the journal’s website. Note: The original of
this article was accepted and presented at the 2nd International
Conference-Workshop on Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design
(ICWSAUD) organized by School of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia from March 3rd -5th, 2012.
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Ari Siswanto, Azizah Salim Binti Syed Salim, Nur Dalilah Dahlan and Ahmad Hariza