This document discusses architectural conservation efforts in the historical city of Malacca, Malaysia. It begins with background on Malacca's history as a trading port dating back to 1403. It then outlines some of the key historical buildings and structures found in Malacca today, including churches, palaces, temples, and ruins of forts from the Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese, and Malay periods. The document goes on to discuss several issues challenging conservation efforts, such as lack of awareness, limitations on studies, and insufficient protection of buildings not yet 100 years old. It also covers approaches used in Malacca like adaptive reuse, restoration, and urban infill. The document concludes with two case studies analyzing the conservation of the

1. ARCHITECTURE CONSERVATIONS
IMPACTS OF CONSERVATIONS
TOWARDS THE HISTORICAL CITY OF
MALACCA
GROUP MEMBER NAME:
1. Nik Afiq Amadi 0317749
2. Jacinta Kabrina Majalap 0311339
3. Tg Nabilah Diyana 0325657
4. Low Chi Yin 0329147
5. Ng Hong Bin 0319735
6. Song Sung Ho 0322100
7. Keshni devi sobarun 0323062
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND
DESIGN

2. You will find many historical buildings while roaming in Malacca like:
The Melaka administration has remarkably saved its heritage and apart from
destroyed centuries old forts, the Dutch, Chinese, Malay and Muslim
buildings are nicely preserved.
1.1 HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF MALACCA
Churches PalacesTemples GraveyardsRuins of Forts
1.0 MALACCA

3. 1403
Founded
by
Paramesw
ara
1405
Ambassador
of Chinese
Empire
Cheng Ho
15th century
The arrival of
Islam
Center of
trade
-new
maritime
power
-collecting
point for
spices
1511
Invasion of
Portuguese
The Malay Sultanate The Colonial
-prime location
-trading center
(spices, art &
statecraft)
Wooden
palaces, watch
towers and
palisades built
on the hill
Siege in
1641 by the
Dutch
1824, with the signing of
the Anglo-Dutch Treaty,
the British took over
Malacca

4. CORE ZONE
Comprises of two major areas:
- St. Paul’s Hill Civic Zone which has a number of
government buildings, museums, churches,
urban square and original fortress town from
the 16th century Portuguese and Dutch Period.
- The historic Residential and Commercial Zone
has more than 600 shop houses, commercial
and residential buildings, religious buildings and
rombs on four main streets: Jalan Tun Tan
Cheng Lock (Heeren Street), Jalan Hang Jebat
(Jonker Street), Jalan Tokong/Tukang
Emas/Tukang Besi and Jalan Kampung Pantai
as well as on four perpendicular streets of
Lorong hang Jebat, Jalan Hang Kasturi, Jalan
Hang Lekiu and Jalan Hang Lekir.
BUFFER ZONE
The buffer zone is encircling the core zone which
bounded by Jalan Munshi Abdullah, Jalan Ong Kim Wee,
Jalan Kota Laksamana, Jalan Merdeka, parts of Jalan
Chan Koon Cheng, the parts of Kampung Banda Kaba.

5. http://fairusmamat.blogspot.my/2011/06/kenapa-melaka-dan-george-town-diterima.html

6. 2.0 ISSUES & CHALLENGES
6
2.1 AWARENESS OF PUBLIC
Example 1:
Most of the contractor will not aware on the value of historical buildings and
uncared at dilapidation stage even stage to stage base approach on
conservation process is a standard process. The decision on conservation process
such as repairing on specific element on heritage building sometimes been
made without a proper dilapidation result or just based on assumption.
IMPACT:
Rushing on repairing will cause the damage on building fabric. The
chosen on wrong materials will cause lose of the values of that
particular historical building.
FIGURE 2.1,1: TERACOTTA TILES
FIGURE 2.1.2 & FIGURE 2.1.3: CUT AND PASTE TILES ART BOWL

7. 7
2.2 THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
Example 1:
Conservations guidelines “National Heritage Act 2005” served as an important
tool for the conservator and building contractors. It gives the emphasis to the car
of listed buildings and declaration of National Heritage.
IMPACT:
It provided guidelines of maintenance management process for
historical buildings to conserve and preserve the built heritage with
proper manner.
FIGURE 2.2.1 & FIGURE 2.2.2: TRADITIONAL SHOPHOUSES AND MODERN SHOPHOUSE EXAMPLE.

8. 8
2.3 LIMITATION OF STUDY
Example 1:
The major limitation research was the inability to obtain financial data for land
and buildings in the case study and to access archived data from the National
Achieve Malaysia. Other than that, Politically related issues and changes in
Development and Conservation Plans throughout the study have been
encountered.
IMPACT:
The research required a historical record of the case study areas in
order to compare it with the latest information, then to purpose
future recommendations.
FIGURE 2.3.1, FIGURE 2.3.2 & FIGURE 2.3.3: BOOKS THAT CAN BE FOUND AS CASE STUDY.

9. 9
2.4 GENTRIFICATION AND LOSS OF COMMUNITY
COHESION
Example 1:
Malacca Structure Plan incorporates for special places which have economical /
environmental / development importance. However, many of heritage buildings
in site are privately owned and poorly maintained.
IMPACT:
Resulting of its limitation on economic.
FIGURE 2.4.1 HERITAGE BUILDINGS OWNED BY THE
GOVERNMENT (WELL MAINTAINED)
FIGURE 2.4.2 HERITAGE BUILDINGS PRIVATELY OWNED BY LOCAL
CITIZENS (POORLY MAINTAINED)

10. 10
2.5 NO SUITABLE OR PROPER SYSTEMS FOR DOCUMENTING AND RECORDING
THE HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND MONUMENTS.
Example 1:
It is important in building conservation to identify, classify and assist the owner and
authority in keeping a record on the buildings and monuments for future
research, preserve, restored and assess remedial measures when necessary.
Recently, The Department of Museums and Antiquities, Malaysia and Melaka
Museums Corporation has started to document several conservations projects
IMPACT:
The progress of documentation is limited due to shortage of
technical skills and manpower.

11. 11
Example 1:
Some of the projects were supervised by people who are lack in conservation
knowledge that didn’t really follow the basic principle and ethic of conservation.
Meanwhile the skill workers and craftsmen that involve in conservation projects
are also very difficult to get and many of them were brought from other countries
like India, Vietnam, Indonesia etc. and the labor cost was very expensive.
IMPACT:
Resulting of less quality and aesthetic value of that particular
building.
FIGURE 2.6.1 HIGH RESTORATION QUALITY
EX: OLD WINDOWS ARE MAINTAINED
FIGURE 2.6.2 LESS RESTORATION QUALITY
EX: OLD WINDOWS ARE COMPLETELY CHANGED FROM THE
ORIGINAL ONES
2.6 THERE IS LACK OF CONSERVATIONIST IN PRESERVING AND RESTORING
HISTORICAL BUILDINGS AND MONUMENTS.

12. 12
Example 1:
A historic building and monument must be at least 100 years old to be listed by
the Government through the Museum Department to give protection and
encouragement for preservation and conservation. However, many important
buildings have not yet reached this age, are not protected, been neglected and
even destroyed
IMPACT:
Loss of historical evidence, local pride and tourism economical
opportunity
2.7 INSUFFICIENCY OF CHOSEN BUILDING FOR CONSERVATION

13. 3.0 APPORACH TO CONSERVATION
Melaka World Heritage City uses the “adaptive
reuse” approach to maintain the cultural values of
the place and its unique identity.
•Adaptive reuse is a process of reusing an old
building with a function other than it was built for.
Example:
The museum building was formerly used as part of
the Dutch Administrative Complex during
the Dutch Malacca. It was later converted into a
post office and subsequently an Anglo-Chinese
School in 1931. It was finally turned into a museum
and was officially opened by then Prime
Minister Mahathir Mohamad in 1992.
The museum is located on the ground floor of the
building, while the upper floor houses the Melaka
Art Gallery.
3.1 ADAPTIVE REUSE

14. • Main object of this approach is to return a structure to its original concept. It relies on solid
Evidence and documentation before making any changes to the structure.
During the Dutch Malacca, servants and subordinates of Dutch masters used to live at the
nearby Heeren Street. However, as the Dutch left, it became noblemen's street. Rich Peranakans
started to live and did business within the street area, giving the street a deep-rooted ethnic and
cultural flavor.
3.2 RESTORATION

15. Urban infill is defined as new development that is sited on vacant or undeveloped land within
an existing community, and that is enclosed by other types of development. The term "urban
infill" itself implies that existing land is mostly built-out and what is being built is in effect "filling in"
the gaps. The term most commonly refers to building single-family homes in existing
neighbourhoods but may also be used to describe new development in commercial, office
or mixed-useareas.
FIGURE 3.3.1 & FIGURE 3.3.2 HETEROGENEOUS BUILDING DEVELOPMENT IN MALACCA
3.3 URBAN INFILL

16. Guidelines & policies are executed jointly with the local authorities, Federal and State
governments, Department of museums and Antiquity and heritage trusts
Threats to town:
• The disruption of the urban pattern
• Disappearing townscape,
• Changing activity pattern,
• Visual monotony and
• Obsolescence Gentrification

17. •Lack of protection, interpretation and adequate visitor management
•Insufficient funds to begin with
•Small town is not yet developed, purely focused on tourism sector..
•Changing Melaka landscape has sentimental value to the local people. They feel that Melaka h
as changed a lot from the original
•Only considering part of its historical assets & only managing those parts
3.4 FACTORS AFFECTING ADAPTIVE REUSE

18. •Increase in tourism
•Environment beneficial - consume less energy than demolition and new construction
•Economic beneficial – sustaining local economy & creating jobs
•Noise Congestion due to increase number of tourists
•Strengthen a community (art, festivals, and other activities)
3.5 IMPACTS

19. CASE STUDY 1
ANALYSIS OF HERITAGE BUILDING:
KAMPUNG HULU MOSQUE
4.0 CASE STUDY

20. Built in 1728, Masjid Kampung Hulu is the oldest functioning mosque in Malaysia in its original location.
PAST

21. Presently, Kampung Hulu Mosque is still a functioning mosque. Partly due to the Dutch
encouragement of cultural cross-pollination, the style of the mosque is reflective of a
Javanese mosque.
PRESENT

22. It does not employ the Javanese tradition of using timber as the material for the walls, but
instead engages using stone and brick.

23. Vernacular architecture
Wood Carvings and Plastered Renderings.
Most of the vernacular mosques have fine wood carvings of flower motifs, particularly on
wall panels, fanlights, windows and mimbar.
This in itself contribute to the history in Malacca thus attracting tourist to the site.

24. CASE STUDY 2
ANALYSIS OF HERITAGE BUILDING: CHRIST CHURCH

25. Christ Church is the oldest functioning Protestant church in Malaysia. Construction
began in 1741 and was completed in 1753.
PAST

26. It has contributed the growth in Malacca’s economy and tourism this past years with
its history and heritage value.
PRESENT

27. • Wooden beams, each carved from a single tree.
• Walls were raised using Dutch bricks built on local laterite blocks then coated with Chinese
plaster.
• Roof is covered with Dutch tiles.
• Floors of the church are paved with granite blocks originally used as ballast for merchant ships.
• The original Dutch windows were reduced and ornamented after the British takeover of
Malacca and the porch and vestry were built only in the mid-19th century.

28. CASE STUDY 3
ANALYSIS OF HERITAGE SHOP HOUSE:
NO. 8 HEEREN STREET HERITAGE CENTRE

29. PAST
• A typical early shop house and modest residential structure built in Malacca between the mid
1600s and late 1800s.
• It is integral to the evolution of the city’s streetscapes and demonstrates the comprehensive
building and planning regulations during Dutch rule.
• It served as shop, residence, stable and animal yard.
• However, a lack of recognition and protection for this building has led to its rapid demise and
loss of an important part of Malacca’s built heritage.

30. • As part of Badan Warisan Malaysia’s (Heritage of Malaysia Trust) Model Conservation Project,
this building serves as a practical example of conservation of its building type, the early shop
house, and also demonstrates a successful adaptation to new uses.
• It functions as a venue for exhibitions, workshops, seminars and corporate events, an
interpretative and heritage resource facility for Malaccans and visitors.
• It also serves as a museum that sells collections and illustrates historical architecture which
tells the colonial stories of the town.
PRESENT

31. The building
was repainted
with original
color to
preserve its
heritage value.
Deteriorated timber flooring were removed and replaced by dark red meranti hardwood.

32. Case Study 4
Analysis of Heritage Shop House:
Lot No. 40-42 Jalan Laksamana

33. • Lot No. 40-42 Jalan Laksamana was built during the Portuguese colonization which was
1500’s for commercial use and has been conserved until today.
• It is located in Core Zone and is allowed to be renovated, as long as no changes are
made to the façade of the building.
• The symmetrical and minimal façade design was influenced by the Dutch Style, Southern
China Style and Early Shop houses Style.
PAST

34. • These two shop houses were joined together as one, by breaking down the partition wall in
the middle. Some of the interior spaces have been divided by wall partitions to create small
rooms.
• it was a traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy owned by a local well known doctor.
• After that, this shop house was rented out to be a café named Looney Planet Café which
was operated for few years before it shut down.
• Since then, Lot No. 40-42 was abandoned.

35. • During Western colonization, among the important landmarks that are located nearby the No. 40-42
shop houses are the Malacca River, The Stadthuys, Christ Church, St. Francis Xavier Church and
Hereen Street.
• Jalan Laksamana was once a glorious street catering to every wants and needs of the people of
Malacca. The shop houses including Lot No. 40-42 along Jalan Laksamana were the epitome of
Malacca‟s economical development being its first commercial building to be built.

36. • This street has become less relevant and forgotten. With other developments around Malacca, the
shop houses along Jalan Laksamana are no longer considered as the places to explore, but only as
places to pass by.
• Now, it has remains vacant and abandoned due to the tremendous development of Malacca
town. As time pass, this place will slowly lose its initial shine and identity.
• The past glory and vibrancy of this place will fade and soon be forgotten by the future generation.
PRESENT

37. Conclusion – Tourism & Human Activity
• This study presents a comparative analyses of the
building built during different periods in the Malaysian
history and studies the changes in the used of the
building and how they conserve it.
• Immigration and influences from many parts of Asia
and Europe have created a specific multicultural
identity, manifested in both tangible and intangible
heritage, such as areas for different ethnic groups and
functions, religious pluralism, and streets lined with
typical shop houses and religious buildings.
• Without applying any conservation approach, heritage
building will soon lost its identity and abandoned by the
community which might bring down the image of the
heritage site. As a result, the site will lose its tourists and
thus, economy will decline relatively…

38. Conclusion – Economics
• Premier tourist destination in Asia with the theme “Visit
Historic Melaka Means Visiting Malaysia” &“UNESCO World
Heritage City of Melaka”
• With the national heritage buildings & heritage shop houses
being the oldest architecture in Malaysia, they enhance
the cultural value while giving unique identity to Malacca.
• Magnet for tourists and local people which enhances the
economy significantly.
• By conserving and restoring these historical building,
Melaka will continue to evolve, as in the past, responding
to the influence brought in by new ideas.

39. 39
5.0 CONCLUSION
By conserving and preserving the
heritage buildings at Melaka, it helps and
plays a significant role in economic
development of human culture and
communities. Cultural heritage tourism
has long existed, but recent
demographic, social and cultural
changes in the main sources have led an
increasing number of conservation of
heritage buildings. Preserving the world’s
heritage for the enrichment and
education of present and future
generations is crucial. The careful
planning of preserving heritage building
leads to economic development. It arises
during managing and preserving of
culture rich heritage buildings.

40. 40
6.0 REFRENCES
Wen, H.L. (2016), ‘The History of Melaka’s Urban Morphology’, University of Queensland, Australia,
retrieved 10 May 2017,<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301543855>
Yusof, N. A., Haron, H., & Mutalib, N. A. (2014). Malacca Mosque: The Aesthetics of Old Mosques
in Malaysia. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p1342,
retrieved 10 May 2017,
<http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/viewFile/5216/5033>
Amir, S., Osman, M. M., Bachok, S., & Ibrahim, M. (2015). Sustaining Local Community Economy
Through Tourism: Melaka UNESCO World Heritage City. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 28, 443-
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2017,<http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878029615002662>
Shah,(2014). The Kampung Hulu Mosque. Retrieved May 10,
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Kamal, K. S. (2007). Building Conservation. Retrieved May 10,
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brownfields-redevelopment
Heritage Conservation and Regeneration of Historic Areas in Malaysia, Shahrul Yani Said,
Hasnizan Aksah, Elma Dewiyana Ismail, University of Westminster, London, UK, 4-6 September
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