The document discusses the refining and purification process of zinc. It begins with an introduction to zinc including its chemical formula, atomic number, and color. It then discusses the history of zinc discovery and production. The main uses of zinc are then outlined, followed by global zinc production and reserve statistics. The key steps in the zinc refining and purification process are then described in detail, including roasting, leaching, purification, electrolysis, melting and casting. Gas cleaning and sulfuric acid production are also summarized. Finally, the main applications of zinc in automotive, construction, hot dip galvanizing, and zinc castings are briefly outlined.

1. Zinc
Refining
And
1
And
Purification
BY : -
ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL &
ELECTRONICS ENGINEER

2. •Chemical Formula :- Zn
• Atomic Number :- 30
Introduction
• Atomic Number :- 30
•It is bluish white to silvery-gray in colour.
• It is hard and brittle at most temperatures.
ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEER 2

3. History of zinc
Zinc was discovered in the metallic form.
In 1374, Zinc was discovered & the 8th metal
known to man.
In 1743, the first Zinc smelter was established in
U.K.
In India, Hindustan Zinc was established in 1966.In India, Hindustan Zinc was established in 1966.
ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEER 3

4. Uses Of Zinc
1. As an Anti-Corrosive agent.
2. Process of galvanization, like light posts, metal roofs and car
bodies.
3. Also used as an anode material in batteries.3. Also used as an anode material in batteries.
4. Coating to protect iron and steel.
5. ZnO is also used in rubber to protect it from UV
radiation.
6. Alloyed Zinc is used in pipes,
instruments, hardware
and water valves.
ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEER 4

5. Zinc Production & Reserves
Country Production Reserves
United states 720 12000
Australia 1450 53000
Bolivia 430 6000
Canada 670 6000
China 3500 42000
India 750 11000India 750 11000
Ireland 350 2000
Kazakhstan 480 16000
Mexico 550 15000
Peru 1520 23000
Other Countries 1580 62000
Total 12000 250000
ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEER 5
Data is in thousand metric tons.

6. ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEER 6
Process figure

7. Roasting
The Fluid Bed Roaster is used in the process zinc sulfide
concentrates.
Zinc sulfide concentrates is introduced directly into the
roaster.
Zinc sulfide concentrates is introduced directly into the
roaster.
Roasted material largely consisting Zinc Oxide(ZnO).
ZnS+5/2O2 ZnO + SO4
ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEER 7

8. Leaching
The Zinc Calcine from the roasting process is fed for
leaching process.
Continuous pH monitoring is facilitated by submerged pH
cells in controlled tanks.cells in controlled tanks.
ANIL MAURYA ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
ENGINEER 8

9. Purification
Zinc oxide is converted into Zinc Sulphate by
adding Zinc Dust.
In purification plant metallic impurities such as Cd,
Cu, Ni, Co are also removed.
ANIL MAURYA ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
ENGINEER 9

10. ElectrolysisIn electrolysis plant Zinc is recovered
from Zinc Sulphate.
After the purification process Zn is
converted in zinc anode and zinc
cathode by passing the electric current.cathode by passing the electric current.
ANIL MAURYA ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
ENGINEER 10

11. Melting and Casting
Automatic System for Melting and Casting are used in
making slabs & Jumbos Casting Machine.
ANIL MAURYA ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
ENGINEER 11

12. Gas Cleaning
The hot dust-laden roaster gas is cooled and dedusted through the Gas Cleaning
system.
Waste Heat Boiler
Hot Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)
Wet Gas Cleaning
Cooling
De-Dusting
SO2 Gas Scrubbing
Wet Gas Electrostatic Mist Precipitator (Mist EP)Wet Gas Electrostatic Mist Precipitator (Mist EP)
Mercury Removal
Zinc Oxide Scrubbing
Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)
ANIL MAURYA ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
ENGINEER 12

13. Sulfuric Acid
For the treatment of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) in the roasting off-gas, by
passing through the Gas Drying Tower, the Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Gas(SO2), cooled and saturated with water vapor, comes in direct contact
with concentrated acid. Sulfuric Acid(H2SO4) of this concentration is very
hygroscopic (absorbs waters) and the gas is practically free from water
vapor after leaving the Drying Tower.
ANIL MAURYA ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
ENGINEER 13

14. Application
Automotive
Buildings and Concentration Industries
Hot dip galvanizing
Zinc Castings
ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEER 14

15. Automative
Improved coatings have encouraged the
development of new application, for example,
galvanized steel with a very fine surface finish is
used to produced the parts of car bodies that are
vulnerable to corrosion.vulnerable to corrosion.
ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEER 15

16. Zinc Castings
Two zinc casting alloys of any commercial
significance zinc 4% Aluminum pressure casting
alloys with and without 1% Copper. Zinc
castings find a range of applications form
automobiles to zip fasteners.
ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEER 16

17. Hot dip galvanizing
It in its original form as applied to fabricate steel
work is also a growing industry
ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEER 17

18. ANIL MAURYA
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEER 18