The document describes a proposed ZigBee-based smart fall detection and notification system called e-SAFE that uses a wearable accelerometer sensor. The system would automatically detect if a fall occurs and instantly notify predefined contacts via SMS and email. It analyzes acceleration data from the sensor to identify falls and transmits a signal via ZigBee to a base station if a fall is detected, which then sends alerts through a GSM modem. The system aims to reduce injuries and deaths from falls by quickly notifying others so they can provide immediate assistance.
Two Step Design for Personal Authentication Using Finger Vein Recognition and...IJTET Journal
Abstract— This paper has proposed another methodology of constant implanted finger vein distinguishment alongside GSM innovation for individual validation and security is made. [1]Unique human attributes are utilized to distinguish an individual or to confirm a character. Finger vein recognizer, is utilized as a first level security for a confirmation process furthermore for showing or alarming unapproved individual if entered. The equipment is the procedure with the assistance of Finger vein recognizer and transformed utilizing MATLAB programming, which is modest and dependable in all the structures. GSM innovation is utilized as a second level security, where the client sends a Novel code to the GSM recipient which on distinguishment sends a secret key to the Client for opening. [2]The proposed framework takes just 0.5 seconds to confirm one info finger vein test and the normal mistake rate (ERR) of 0.06.
Two Step Design for Personal Authentication Using Finger Vein Recognition and...IJTET Journal
Abstract— This paper has proposed another methodology of constant implanted finger vein distinguishment alongside GSM innovation for individual validation and security is made. [1]Unique human attributes are utilized to distinguish an individual or to confirm a character. Finger vein recognizer, is utilized as a first level security for a confirmation process furthermore for showing or alarming unapproved individual if entered. The equipment is the procedure with the assistance of Finger vein recognizer and transformed utilizing MATLAB programming, which is modest and dependable in all the structures. GSM innovation is utilized as a second level security, where the client sends a Novel code to the GSM recipient which on distinguishment sends a secret key to the Client for opening. [2]The proposed framework takes just 0.5 seconds to confirm one info finger vein test and the normal mistake rate (ERR) of 0.06.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This project aims at achieving automation using the widely used mobile operating system ANDROID i.e. android operating system. The electrical and office appliances can be controlled using the android mobile phones and Internet of things (IoT) even if you are out of your house and you forgot to switch off the appliances. Many electrical and office appliances like light, fan, air conditioner etc., can be controlled using the android operating system. This proposed system is implemented in order to overcome the drawbacks of the previous methodologies. This can also be implemented at homes also. Office automation is the residential extension of building automation. Office automation may include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. Office automation for the elderly and disabled can provide increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise require caregivers or institutional care.
DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC GEOFENCING AND ACCIDENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON...IJCSEA Journal
The main objective of this project is to design and develop an embedded system for vehicle to detect the road accident for immediate medical help as well as for security purpose in theft prevention using single shock sensor. In case of accidental mode the system should inform automatically via text message to medical rescue team indicating the position of vehicle location. When there is no car driver, vehicle should automatically go into security mode. When a person tries to steal the vehicle, this system should send an alert message to the owner. The system Geo fencing and accidental monitoring system based on AT89S52 as a central core. This includes various technologies: a shock sensor, Liquid crystal display (LCD), Dual relay and wireless communication. This system also includes Geo fencing technology. Geo fencing enables the remote monitoring of predefined set of boundaries and automatic detect when vehicle exit from these areas.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and development of fall detector using fall accelerationeSAT Journals
Abstract Fall of patients and aged people may become fatal if unnoticed in time. The concept is to have a fall detection system which sends alarm to the concerned people or to the doctor, at the time of eventuality. To minimize fall and its related injuries continuous surveillance of subjects who are diseased and prone to fall is necessary. The article discusses the design and development of a prototype of an electronic gadget which is used to detect fall among elderly and the patients who are prone to it. In this article, the body posture is derived from change of acceleration in three axes, which is measured using triaxial accelerometer (adxl335). The sensor is placed on the lumbar region to study the tilt angle. The acceleration values in each axis are compared twice with threshold and also a delay of 20 secs between two comparisons, to reduce the false alarms. Values of the threshold voltage are selected by experimental methods. The algorithm is executed by microcontroller (PIC16F877A). The location of fall is determined by GPS receiver, which is programmed to track the subject continuously. On detection of fall, the device sends a text message through GSM modem, and communicates it to computer through ZigBee transceivers. The device can also be switched to only alarm if text message is not required. The prototype developed is tested on many subjects and also on volunteers who simulated fall. Out of 50 trials 96% of accuracy is achieved with zero false alarms for daily activities like jogging, skipping, walking on stairs, and picking up objects. Index Terms: Fall Detector, Medical Alarming System, Personal Emergency Response System, triaxial accelerometer, microcontroller
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This project aims at achieving automation using the widely used mobile operating system ANDROID i.e. android operating system. The electrical and office appliances can be controlled using the android mobile phones and Internet of things (IoT) even if you are out of your house and you forgot to switch off the appliances. Many electrical and office appliances like light, fan, air conditioner etc., can be controlled using the android operating system. This proposed system is implemented in order to overcome the drawbacks of the previous methodologies. This can also be implemented at homes also. Office automation is the residential extension of building automation. Office automation may include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. Office automation for the elderly and disabled can provide increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise require caregivers or institutional care.
DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC GEOFENCING AND ACCIDENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON...IJCSEA Journal
The main objective of this project is to design and develop an embedded system for vehicle to detect the road accident for immediate medical help as well as for security purpose in theft prevention using single shock sensor. In case of accidental mode the system should inform automatically via text message to medical rescue team indicating the position of vehicle location. When there is no car driver, vehicle should automatically go into security mode. When a person tries to steal the vehicle, this system should send an alert message to the owner. The system Geo fencing and accidental monitoring system based on AT89S52 as a central core. This includes various technologies: a shock sensor, Liquid crystal display (LCD), Dual relay and wireless communication. This system also includes Geo fencing technology. Geo fencing enables the remote monitoring of predefined set of boundaries and automatic detect when vehicle exit from these areas.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and development of fall detector using fall accelerationeSAT Journals
Abstract Fall of patients and aged people may become fatal if unnoticed in time. The concept is to have a fall detection system which sends alarm to the concerned people or to the doctor, at the time of eventuality. To minimize fall and its related injuries continuous surveillance of subjects who are diseased and prone to fall is necessary. The article discusses the design and development of a prototype of an electronic gadget which is used to detect fall among elderly and the patients who are prone to it. In this article, the body posture is derived from change of acceleration in three axes, which is measured using triaxial accelerometer (adxl335). The sensor is placed on the lumbar region to study the tilt angle. The acceleration values in each axis are compared twice with threshold and also a delay of 20 secs between two comparisons, to reduce the false alarms. Values of the threshold voltage are selected by experimental methods. The algorithm is executed by microcontroller (PIC16F877A). The location of fall is determined by GPS receiver, which is programmed to track the subject continuously. On detection of fall, the device sends a text message through GSM modem, and communicates it to computer through ZigBee transceivers. The device can also be switched to only alarm if text message is not required. The prototype developed is tested on many subjects and also on volunteers who simulated fall. Out of 50 trials 96% of accuracy is achieved with zero false alarms for daily activities like jogging, skipping, walking on stairs, and picking up objects. Index Terms: Fall Detector, Medical Alarming System, Personal Emergency Response System, triaxial accelerometer, microcontroller
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of shade percentage on various properties of cotton knitted fabric dye...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Sdci scalable distributed cache indexing for cache consistency for mobile env...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Multi agent paradigm for cognitive parameter based feature similarity for soc...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Fuzzy based control using lab view for miso temperature processeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and Development of Secure Navigation System for Visually Impaired Peopleijcsit
The proposed work presents a navigation system, which detects the obstacles and also guide to visually impaired people about appropriate path. The system we propose detects the obstacle via an infrared based detecting system and sends back vibro-tactile or sound (buzzer) feedback to inform the user about its position. The most common method of obstacle detection, used by blind people is the walking stick. The limitation of walking stick is that, it does not provide protection near to head area. A sensor module is fixed on a light weight cap allowing the user to obtain the information about obstacles (near to head area) and also about correct path on which the user should move. When the user uses this system with cane, he is fully protected about obstacles and can navigate freely into the environment.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Study of Motion Detection Method for Smart Home SystemAM Publications
Motion detection surveillance technology give ease for time-consuming reviewing process that a normal video
surveillance system offers. By using motion detection, it save the monitoring time and cost. It has gained a lot of interests
over the past few years. In this paper, a proposed motion detection surveillance system, through the study and evaluation
of currently available different methods. The proposed system is efficient and convenient for both office and home uses as
a smart home security system technology.
An Enhanced & Effective Fall Detection System for Elderly Person Monitoring u...IJRES Journal
Various fall-detection solutions have been previously proposed to create a reliable surveillance system for elderly people with high requirements on accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, an enhanced fall detection system is proposed for elderly person monitoring that is based on smart sensors worn on the body and operating through consumer home networks. With treble thresholds, accidental falls can be detected in the home healthcare environment. By utilizing information gathered from an accelerometer, cardiotachometer and smart sensors, the impacts of falls can be logged and distinguished from normal daily activities. The proposed system have to be analyzed in a prototype system as detailed in this paper. From a test group of 30 healthy participants, it was found that the proposed fall detection system can achieve a high detection accuracy of 97.5%, while the sensitivity and specificity are 96.8% and 98.1% respectively. Therefore, this system can reliably be developed and deployed into a consumer product for use as an elderly person monitoring device with high accuracy and a low false positive rate.
Automated Monitoring System for Fall Detection in the ElderlyCSCJournals
Falls are a major problem for the elderly people living independently. According to the World Health Organization, falls and sustained injuries are the third cause of chronic disability. In the last years there have been many commercial solutions aimed at automatic and non automatic detection of falls like the social alarm (wrist watch with a button that is activated by the subject in case of a fall event), and the wearable fall detectors that are based on combinations of accelerometers and tilt sensors. Critical problems are associated with those solutions like button is often unreachable after the fall, wearable devices produce many false alarms and old people tend to forget wearing them frequently. To solve these problems, we propose an automated monitoring that will detects the face of the person, extract features such as speed and determines if a human fall has occurred. An alarm is triggered immediately upon detection of a fall.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Zigbee based smart fall detection and notification
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 337
ZIGBEE-BASED SMART FALL DETECTION AND NOTIFICATION
SYSTEM WITH WEARABLE SENSOR (e-SAFE)
Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy1
, Ahamed Fayeez Bin Tuani Ibrahim2
,
Zahriladha Bin Zakaria3
, Abdul Rani Bin Othman4
, Anas Abdul Latiff5
1, 2, 3, 4
Lecturer, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, 5
Lecturer, Department of Telecommunications
Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia,
vigneswara@utem.edu.my, fayeez@utem.edu.my, zahriladha@utem.edu.my, rani@utem.edu.my,
anasabdullatiff@utem.edu.my
Abstract
Fall is one of the serious health issues among elderly population in Malaysia. In the event of a fall, a strong impact may be inflicted
on the elderly causing severe injuries or even death. Another research by the National Institutes of Health found that 67% of elderly
who fall and fail to seek help within 72 hours are unlikely to survive. Current Personal Emergency Respond System (PERS) often
employs the use of a manual emergency button. However this approach may not be useful if the fall victim become unconscious or
even not be able to move to reach the emergency button. In addition, such as this approach also requires more time and inadequate to
notify and seek for immediate help. This paper attempts to design and implement a smart fall detection system for real time
notification known as e-SAFE. This system will automatically detect a fall and notifies the incident instantly to internal and external
correspondence. The e-SAFE equipped with a wearable accelerometer sensor, microcontroller, ZigBee transceiver module and
Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) device. The in-house correspondence will be notifies though the ZigBee technology,
meanwhile the external correspondence will be notified through GSM. Once a fall has been detected by e-SAFE system, a Short
Message Service (SMS) and an E-mail will be sent to predefined contacts which is stored in the system. This system will provide a
path toward independent living for the elderly while keeping them save.
Index Terms: Emergency Respond, Wearable Accelerometer Sensor, ZigBee, GSM, SMS, E-mail.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
A study by private hospitals have shown that the number of
elderly falling down increased by 27% from 2007 to 2008 [1]
and 66.7% of the cases happened at home [2]. In the event of a
fall, a strong impact may be inflicted on the elderly causing
severe injuries or even death. Another research by the
National Institutes of Health found that 67% of elderly who
fall and fail to seek for help within 72 hours are unlikely to
survive. On the other hand, the fall victim is nearly six times
more likely to survive if help can be attained within one hour
[3]. Thus, this studies shows that the immediate emergency
respond is crucial in order to increase survival rate of fall
cases greatly.
Current Personal Emergency Respond System (PERS) often
employs the use of a manual emergency button. However this
approach may not be useful if the fall victim become
unconscious or even not be able to move to reach the
emergency button. In addition, such as this approach also
requires more time and inadequate to notify and seek for
immediate help.
Therefore an automatic fall detection and notification system
(e-SAFE) is proposed in order to instantly notify the fall
incident to immediate family members or caretaker so that
they can response quickly to provide immediate help to the
victim. This is more appropriate solution especially to the
elderly people who are living alone at home.
The system consists of both hardware and software. The
microcontroller will accept an output from a 3-axis
accelerometer which is used to detect a fall. When a fall is
detected, a triggering signal will be transmitted to the base
control to notify the incident to predefined contacts.
Transmission and reception of the triggering signal is
performed by X-bee PRO. The main reason of employing X-
bee PRO technology is due to its low power consumption and
the ability of transmitting range up to 90 meter in indoor
environment [4].
The base control that receives this triggering signal will
proceed to send the alert notification to the predefined contact
through SMS and email immediately. Although this system
cannot prevent falls from happening, it will reduce the chance
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 338
of the fallen victims being left untreated for an extended
period of time by instantly informing others about the fall
incident.
2. CHARACTERISTIC OF FALLS
Falls in indoor environment can be classified into three types:
fall from standing, fall from walking and fall from sitting.
Each type of fall has its own characteristic which will be
further explained as below.
2.1 Falls from Standing
This fall will be occurred within 1 to 2 seconds. It is classified
as a fall which is happened from initially standing to sudden
fall. The person normally falls in one direction. While falling
down, the head undergoes free falling. The person will end up
lying on the floor. Final position of the person who falls is
within his/her standing point to the radius of his/her height.
2.2 Falls from Walking
This fall usually will be happened within 1 to 3 seconds. It is
classified as a fall when the person is initially walking with
certain acceleration and then involved in sudden fall. The
person normally will falls in the direction of walking. Similar
to fall from standing, the person’s will end up lying on the
floor. The position of the person who falls will be within
his/her standing point to the radius of his/her height.
2.3 Falls from Sitting
This fall is best described as someone who initially sitting on a
chair and then involved in sudden fall. It usually will take
around 1 to 3 seconds and is considered dangerous because
this person’s head might hit with the chair before it hits the
ground. Consequently, the person ends up lying on the floor or
nearby to the chair.
3. RELATED WORKS
Fig -1: Hierarchy of fall detection approaches.
Fig. 1 shows the hierarchy of fall detection approaches. One of
the common characteristic of all these systems are their
general structure of the overall system which as illustrated in
Fig 2.
Fig -2: General structure of fall detection and notification
system.
Data acquisition is performed by a single sensor in a simpler
system or multiple sensors or cameras in a more complex
system. Its function is to collect signal and video data to be
processed. There are several methods is used to detect the
falls. Some of it is acceleration threshold, image processing,
database-based etc.
3.1 Camera-Based Approach
Camera-based approach utilizes one or multiple fixed-position
cameras to detect the posture and motion of the person to
determine a fall. Camera-based approach is able to detect
multiple events simultaneously and is the most straight
forward way to detect a fall. There are several algorithms is
developed on camera-based approach such as 2D body
orientation change analysis, inactivity detection and 3D head
motion analysis [5] & [6].
Fig -3: Camera-based approach.
2D body orientation change analysis is based on the principle
that the shape of a falling person will change from standing to
lying down. On the other hand, 3D head motion analysis
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 339
tracks the position of the head to determine a fall.
Nonetheless, there are many problems associated with camera-
based approach such as selecting an optimum resolution of
video, changes in room lighting condition causing difficulties
in image processing and daily activities and movement of
human that might be confused with a fall [7].
Zambanini et al [8] proposed a fall detection system with low
cost and with low-resolution cameras. Their goal is to invent
low cost fall detection system with high accuracy that can be
affordable by everyone to use. The authors have proved that
the fall detection system can achieve better accuracy of fall by
using low spatial resolution and low frame rate cameras.
Fig -4: Description of fall detection by Zambanini (Figure
courtesy of [8]).
Shaou-Gang Miaouet al [10] proposed small fall detection
system using Omni-camera to capture 360˚ image of a person.
The chances of blind spot can be eliminated by using this
approach. Other parameters that took into consideration are
the weight and the height of fall victim. Hartmann et al [11]
also developed a similar system based on the principle of body
movement.
3.2 Ambient Device Approach
Ambient device approach is installing multiple sensors in the
indoor environment to collect data of the user [12]. Usually for
ambient approach, a pressure sensor will be used to detect the
presence and the fall of the user.
Zigel et al [13] has developed a fall detection system through
vibration sensors. The system is equipped with floor vibration
sensor and also microphone. It uses the concept of signal
processing to detect fall. This type fall detection system is
more suitable to be implemented in washroom and private
room in which camera based approaches is not suitable to use.
Fig -5: The setup for the field trial of the SIMBAD prototype.
The dotted lines illustrate the sensor’s approximate field of
view (Figure courtesy of [14]). Sixsmithet al [14] developed a
SIMBAD (Smart Inactivity Monitor using Array-Based
Detectors) by using a wall-mounted IRISYS (Infra-Red
Integrated Systems) sensor to detect a fall. It can locate and
track a thermal target which is moving within the range,
provide the information such as size, location, and velocity of
the person.
3.3 Wearable Device Approach
The wearable device approach is an embedded sensor device
that can be worn on the user’s body for detecting the posture
or motion of the user and using a suitable algorithm to identify
a fall [16].
Bourke et al. [17] developed a custom vest with embedded
sensors to detect fall. They also designed a threshold-based tri-
axial accelerometer fall detection algorithm which can
achieved accuracy of more than 90%. However, during the
test, there were false positives and false negatives. Anyway,
this approach looks promising due to its high recorded
accuracy.
Almeida et al [18] developed a walking stick that is able to
detect fall by integrating a gyroscope in the stick. Once the
stick has fallen, it assumes that a fall has occurred. However,
the drawback of using such device is that user has to bring the
walking stick all the time and it might not be effective to
detect fall.
Jeon et.al [19] developed a Personal Emergency Response
System (PERS) that uses a 3-axis accelerometer to detect fall
and generates the alarm on the Personal Digital Assistant
(PDA). Once a fall has been detected, an alarm will be
generated. If the user does not respond to the alarm, the
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 340
system will then classify the situation as an emergency and
notify the incident to the emergency center.
Fig -6: Walking stick prototype with gyro and Atmel EB63
evaluation board (Figure courtesy of [18]).
Halo Monitoring Company invented a fall detection system
what is called as “panic button”. The device is a wristwatch
with a button where user has to press the button in case of an
emergency. The main problem is that it does not have the
automatic notification feature which is very crucial if the
victim become unconscious.
5. DESCRIPTION OF e-SAFE SYSTEM
There are many fall detection systems is already available in
the market as per discussed earlier. However, its drawbacks of
the available systems lead us to propose a novel system called
ZigBee-Based Smart Fall Detection and Notification System
with Wearable Sensor (e-SAFE).
The e-SAFE system is embedded with a sensor to sense
different types of motion. Thus, e-SAFE sensing device will
use a tri-axis accelerometer which is called as ADXL335. It is
a small, thin, low power, 3-axis accelerometer with signal
conditioned voltage outputs. It also able to obtain acceleration
values from 3 different axes (X, Y and Z). ADXL335
measures acceleration with a minimum full-scale range of ±3
g. It suits with project needs as it can measure the dynamic
acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or vibration [21].
As one of the products in e-Textile LilyPad, it is designed to
be sewn or stitched on garment easily. Fig 10 shows the image
of ADXL 335.
Fig -10: Image of ADXL 335 and embedded Lilypad
ADXL335
Once the power of e-SAFE is switched on, the accelerometer
will start do the sensing and 3 analog outputs of X, Y and Z
axes will feed to the e- SAFE microcontroller. The process
flow is as shown in the Fig.11.
Start
Accelerometer sense
send to
microcontroller
Power ON
Fig -11: The operation of accelerometer
As shown in Fig 12, once the e-SAFE system has been
activated, the microcontroller will start to sense the incoming
analogue input from the accelerometer. The microcontroller
will change the analogue input to digital input using the built
in ADC. Then, the microcontroller will analyze the received
data by using developed algorithm to detect the fall event.
Once a fall even is detected, it will send a signal and string to
XBee.
Instead using other available wireless transmission devices,
the e-SAFE system employs ZigBee technology for the
purpose of data transmission. This is due to its reliable data
transmission among devices, relatively low cost, low power
consumption, suitable for indoor applications and its
compatibility to work with almost all microcontrollers.
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 341
Start
Change analog
Data to digital
Sense
incoming Data
From
Accelerometer
Analyze data
Fall occur?
Send to Xbee
YES
NO
Fig -12: The operation of microcontroller
When e-SAFE system is switched ON, XBee will keep
sensing the incoming signal from the microcontroller. Once a
signal is received from the microcontroller, XBee will transmit
the data to the receiver. Fig. 13 depicts the flow of XBee
transmitting node to make a decision to transmit the datal to
XBee receiver. On the other hand, The XBee receiver will
continuous sense data from the transmitting node and pass the
receive data to base controller as depict in Fig. 14. Once the
base station received the triggering signal, then it will trigger
the GSM to send out an alert message.
The e-SAFE system also equipped with GSM modem as
mentioned earlier. The GSM is a wireless modem that sends
and receives data through radio waves instead of a fixed
telephone line. The operating frequency of the GSM is 900
MHz or 1800 MHz bands.
Start
Sense
Microcontroller
send signal?
Transmit Data
YES
NO
Fig -13: The operation XBEE in transmitting the signal
Start
Sense
Receive signal
From Xbee?
Transfer Data
to Base
YES
NO
Fig -14: The operation XBEE in receiving the signal
The GSM will wait for the instruction from base controller to
send out the alert message. It will send out an alert message
once it is triggered by base controller. Fig.15 depicts the
operation of GSM modem in sending out the alert notification
to predefined contacts in the e-SAFE system. The alert
notification will be received though SMS and E-mail.
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 342
Start
Sense
Base control
send signal?
Send Message
YES
NO
Fig -15: The operation GSM in sending out the alert message
6. The e-SAFE SYSTEM DIMENSION
The e-SAFE product dimension is as shown in Fig. 16. Its
dimension is 12cm x 3cm x 7cm (length x width x height)
which is fitting the profile of lightweight, small and easy to
carry around.
Based on analyze that we have conducted, the best position for
the device to be attached in our body is the waist. This is to
because waist has the lowest extreme body movement. Even
though the analysis obtained that the chest is guaranteed low
possibility of false alarm, but it is extremely uncomfortable to
place it over there.
Fig -16: The e-SAFE product dimension
7. THE BASE STATION OF e-SAFE SYSTEM
The base station of e-SAFE system is created using Visual
Basic 2010. This windows application gives the flexibility to
the user to enter their particulars such as the username, phone
number and email address. The GUI which is developed is
easy to use and can store up to 3 users at once. If a fall has
detected, the developed GUI will act accordingly to send the
instruction to GSM for send out the alert message. Fig. 17
shows the main window of GUI for e-SAFE system.
Fig -17: The main window of GUI application
Fig -18: The User information windows
Fig. 18 shows the user’s information window that created to
store the particulars of the recipients who will receive the alert
message. The system can store up to 3 predefined contacts. All
this contacts will receive the alert message when the fall
incident happens. This information will be saved in the system
and can retrieve easily whenever needed.
CONCLUSIONS
ZigBee Based Smart Fall detection notification system known
as e-SAFE is a low-cost, reliable and accurate fall detection
system that equipped with wearable accelerometer sensor,
microcontroller, ZigBee transceiver module and Global
System for Mobile communications (GSM) device. It also has
integrated with the GUI to receive the detection from
controller and send out the alert notification to predefined
contacts. The e-SAFE provides a path toward independent
7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 343
living for the elderly while keeping them save. Although this
system cannot prevent falls from happening, it will reduce the
chance of the fallen victims being left untreated for an
extended period of time by instantly informing others about
the fall incident. In addition to this, the functionality of e-
SAFE also can be further improved by adding extra features to
make complete health monitoring system. It can be further
enhanced to monitor heartbeat, blood pressure, body
temperature and etc. A comprehensive and complete health
monitoring system is can be developed by adding these
features in e-SAFE system.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to take this opportunity to thanks those
who are contributes directly or indirectly in completion of this
article and also for their constructive comments. In addition,
the authors also would like to express our gratitude to
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the support
and encouragement.
REFERENCES
[1] Maygala, P. P. Sha, A. Ar, J. Zainah, A. Asrina, K.
Suzana, Z. Mn, and N. Mb, “Predicting Falls Risk in
Hospital ; KPJ Seremban Experience,” vol. 9, no. 1, p.
70200, 2010.
[2] Rizawati, M, and Mas Ayu S. 2008. “Home
Environment And Fall At Home Among The Elderly In
Masjid Tanah Province.” 11(2).
[3] Gibson M.J.,et al. “The prevention of falls in later life:
A report of the Kellogg International Work Group on
the Prevention of Falls by the Elderly. Danish Medical
Bulletin 1987; 34 (Suppl. 4): 1 24 (1987)
[4] Digimesh, Z. (n.d.). Wireless Mesh Networking:
ZigBee vs. Digi Mesh - White Paper. [Revised Dec
2012].
[5] Otto CA, Chen X ,“ Automated Fall Detection : Saving
Seniors ’ Lives One Fall at a Time”, Medline Journal,
2009.
[6] Xinguo Yu, “Approaches and principles of fall
detection for elderly and patient”, 10th International
Conference on E-health Networking, Applications and
Services, July 2008, pp. 42-47.
[7] M. Krekovic, P. Ceric, T. Dominko, M. Ilijas, K.
Ivancic, V. Skolan, & J. Sarlija, "A method for real
time detection of human fall from video," MIPRO
2012, May 21-25 2012, Opatija, Crotia. pp.1709-1712.
[8] S. Zambanini, J. Machajdik, & M. Kampel, "Detecting
Fall at Homes Using a Network of Low-Resolution
Cameras," 10th IEEE International Conference on
Information Technology and Applications in
Biomedicine, November 2010, Corfu, Greece, pp. 1-4.
[9] Hamidah Kerdegari, Khairulmizam Samsudin, Abdul
Rahman Ramli and Saeid Mokaram, “Evaluation of
Fall Detection Classification Approaches”, Proceedings
of 2012 4th International Conference on Intelligent and
Advanced Systems (ICIAS2012), 2011, p. 131-135.
[10] Shaou-Gang Miaou, Pei-Hsu Sung, & Chia-Yuan
Huang, "A Customized Human Fall Detection System
Using Omni-Camera Images and Personal
Information," Proceedings of the 1st Distributed
Diagnosis and Home Healthcare (D2H2) Conference
Arlington, Virginia, USA, April 2-4, 2006. p. 39-42.
[11] R. Hartmann, Fadi al Machot, P. Mahr, & C. Bobda,"
Camera Based System for Tracking and Position
Estimation of Humans," 2010 IEEE Conference on
Design and Architectures for Signal and Image
Processing (DASIP), 2010, p. 62-67.
[12] J. Porteus and S. Brownsell, “Using telecare: Exploring
technologies for independent living for older people,”
presented at the Anchor Trust, Kidlington, U.K., 2000.
[13] Y. Zigel, D. Litvak, and I. Gannot, “A method for
automatic fall detection of elderly people using floor
vibrations and sound--proof of concept on human
mimicking doll falls.,” IEEE transactions on bio-
medical engineering, Dec. 2009, vol. 56, no. 12, p.
2858–67.
[14] Sixsmith and N. Johnson, “A Smart Sensor to Detect
the Fall of Elderly,” IEEE Proceeding in Pervasive
Computing, volume:3 , Issue: 2 .
[15] H. Rimminen, J. Lindstrom, M. Linnavuo &
R.Sepponen, "Detection of Falls Among the Elderly by
a Floor Sensor Using the Electric Near Field," IEEE
Transactions on Information Technology in
Biomedicine, vol. 14 no. 6, 2010.
[16] Yongli Goh, Ooi Shih Yin and Pang Ying Han, “State
of the Art: A Study on Fall Detection” World Academy
of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2012, p. 294-
298
[17] A.K. Bourke, J. V.O Brien, G. M. Lyons, “Evaluation
of a threshold-based tri-axial accelerometer fall
detection algorithm” in Elsevier ScienceDirect Gait &
Posture 26, 2007, p. 194-199.
[18] O. Almeida, M. Zhang, and J.-C. Liu, “Dynamic Fall
Detection and Pace Measurement in Walking Sticks,”
2007 Joint Workshop on High Confidence Medical
Devices, Software, and Systems and Medical Device
Plug-and-Play Interoperability (HCMDSS-MDPnP
2007), Jun. 2007, p. 204–206.
[19] Y. Jeon and J. H. Kim, “Implementation of the
Personal Emergency Response System using a 3-axial
Accelerometer,” in World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology, 2007, p. 223–226.
[20] G. Williams, et al, "A Smart Fall and Activity Monitor
for Telecare Applications," 20th International
Conference IEEE-EMBS 1998, Hong Kong: 29
October- 1 November 1998, pp. 1151-1154.
[21] Analog Device, “Small, Low Power, 3-Axis ±3 g
Accelerometer,” ADXL335 datasheet, 2009 [Revised
Dec 2012].
8. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 344
BIOGRAPHIES
Engr. Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy
currently serving as a lecturer in Universiti
Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and he
actively involves in research activities
which is related to electronics and wireless
networking. His research direction has
focused on Wireless Mesh Networks which emerged as a key
technology for next-generation wireless networking.
Ahamed Fayeez B Tuani Ibrahim, a Masters
holder in Electronics & Telecommunication,
is a vivid computer networking enthusiast.
His specific research interest includes low
power network design and programming.
He is a certified Cisco Network Analyst.
Dr. Zahriladha Zakaria, PhD, MIEEE,
BEM, Grad IEM is currently working as a
lecturer at the Faculty of Electronic and
Computer Engineering, University Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka. (UTeM). His research
interests include a variety of microwave
device development such as planar and non-planar microwave
filters, amplifiers and antennas.
Associate Professor Dr. Abdul Rani Othman
, PhD, is currently working as lecturer at the
Faculty of Electronic and Computer
Engineering, University Teknikal Malaysia
Melaka. (UTeM). His research interests
include a variety of microwave device
development, radio wave propagation, amplifiers and
antennas.
Anas Abdul Latiff received the B.Eng in
electrical from Universiti Tun Hussein Onn,
Malaysia, and the M.Eng degree in
telecommunication from University of
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2009
and 2012, respectively. He is currently a
Lecturer with the Department of Telecommunication
Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. His
current research interests include electronics, photonics and
fiber optic device.