Zigbee is a wireless technology standard used for low-power wireless networks. It has applications in home automation, lighting, HVAC controls, and telecommunication services. The document discusses Zigbee's architecture including its physical, MAC, and network layers based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. It also covers Zigbee security mechanisms, the Zigbee Alliance standards body, and common applications of Zigbee wireless technology.

1. ZIGBEEZIGBEE
TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Made by Class 9thMade by Class 9th
GUIDED BY SHAILENDRA KUMAR GUPTA SIR

2. ZZIGBEE AAPPLICATIONS
TELECOM
SERVICES
m-commerce
info services
object interaction
(Internet of Things)
ZigBee
Wireless Control that
Simply Works
TV
VCR
DVD/CD
remote
security
HVAC
lighting control
access control
irrigation
PC &
PERIPHERALS
asset mgt
process control
environmental
energy mgt
PERSONAL
HEALTH CARE
security
HVAC
AMR
lighting
control
access
control
patient
monitoring
fitness
monitoring

3. ZIGBEE PROMOTERSZIGBEE PROMOTERS

4. SECURITY IN ZIGBEESECURITY IN ZIGBEE
 The mechanism protects “the confidentiality,
integrity, and authenticity of the MAC frames”
 An auxiliary header field in front of the MAC
payload indicates if the frame is encrypted or not.
 The MAC frames’ integrity is supported by
calculating and using a MIC at the end of the MAC
payload.
 Nonce is used to provide MAC confidentiality and
authenticity.

5. OUTLINE
 ZIGBEE AND APPLICATIONS
 ZIGBEE PROTOCOL
 ZIGBEE ALLIANCE
 ZIGBEE APPLICATIONS
 IEEE 802.15.4 PROTOCOL
 PHYSICAL LAYER
 MAC LAYER
 ZIGBEE SPECIFICATION
 NETWORK LAYER
 SECURITY IN ZIGBEE
 ZDO AND APPLICATION SUB-LAYER

6. SENSOR/CONTROL NETWORK
REQUIREMENTS
 Networks form by themselves, scale to large sizes and
operate for years without manual intervention
 Extremely long battery life (years on AA cell),
 low infrastructure cost (low device & setup costs)
 low complexity and small size
 Low device data rate and QoS
 Standardized protocols allow multiple vendors to
interoperate

7. WHAT IS ZIGBEE PROTOCOL?WHAT IS ZIGBEE PROTOCOL?
 The IEEE 802.15.4 covers the physical layer
and the MAC layer of low-rate WPAN.
 The ZigBee is “an emerging standard that is
based on the IEEE 802.15.4 and adds network
construction (star networks, peer-to-
peer/mesh networks, and cluster-tree
networks), application services, and more”.

8. ZIGBEE ALLIANCE
• Organized as an independent, neutral,
nonprofit corporation in 2002
• Open and global
• Anyone can join and participate
• Membership is global
• Activity includes
• Specification creation
• Certification and compliance programs
• Branding, market development, and user
education

9. ZIGBEE ALLIANCE
• Is a growing community of companies
• ~200 members vs. 35 Dec. 2002 (5+X Growth)
• Includes major names in the Semiconductor, Software
Developer, End Product Manufacturer, and Service
Provider Industries including major Telecom Carriers
• Has made its specification publicly available
• ZigBee is open to all-ZigBee 2006 now available
• 38,000+ downloads to date
• Has over 30 compliant platforms
• Many certified vendors make choosing ZigBee a safe
choice
• No dominating elements or companies.

10. WHY ZIGBEE?
 Standards based
 Low cost
 Can be used globally
 Reliable and self healing
 Supports large number of nodes
 Easy to deploy
 Very long battery life
 Secure

11. DEFINITION OF IEEE 802.15.4
STANDARD
 IEEE Std 802.15.4 defines the physical layer
(PHY) and medium access control (MAC)
sublayer specifications for low-data-rate
wireless connectivity with fixed, portable, and
moving devices with no battery or very limited
battery consumption requirements typically
operating in the personal operating space (POS)
of 10 m. It is foreseen that, depending on the
application, a longer range at a lower data rate
may be an acceptable tradeoff.

12. NETWORK LAYER SECURITY
 CCM (a modified MAC layer CCM mode) is used for
encryption.
 Single key is used for all different security options.
 The network layer security message format is similar
to the MAC frame.
 Although the network layer is responsible for securing
its layer messages, the above layers specify the keys
and the CCM option for each frame.

13. APPLICATION LAYER
SECURITY
 Uses the “link key” or the “network key” to
secure the message.
 Encapsulates it inside a set of fields similar to
the network format.
 Other security responsibilities that the
application layer has are to provide the ZDO
and the applications with device management
services, key establishment, and key transport

14. ZDO AND APPLICATION SUB-LAYER
 The ZigBee application layer contains the manufacturer-
defined application objects, the ZDO and the application
sub-layer.
 In addition to the security responsibilities, the application
sub-layer:
 Binds devices based on their duties and needs.
 Maintains the binding tables.
 Forwards messages between them.
 Discovers the neighbour devices for a given device.

15. ZDOZDO
 The ZDO is responsible for:
 Determining the device’s duty in the network.
 Ccommunicating using binding requests.
 Supporting security
 Sub-layer that implements the actual application is
the manufacturer-defined application object

16. CONCLUSION
 Zigbee applications are in diverse areas
 Zigbee Alliance works as a non-profit organization
which has more than 200 members.
 IEEE 802.15.4 covers Physical Layer And Mac
Layer.
 Zigbee adds network construction,application
services, and more.