Just an overview of zigbee for someone who was not aware of what zigbee . This was created during my college days 2004-2008

1. 18.9.0718.9.07 Zigbee protocol overview -Smart HomeZigbee protocol overview -Smart Home 11
SMART HOMESMART HOME
(Intro to Zigbee)(Intro to Zigbee)
Presentation 1Presentation 1

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ZigBee
802.15.4
Wi-Fi
802.11b
Wi-Fi5
802.11a/HL2
GSM/CDMA GPRS/3G LMDS
High Data RateLow Data Rate
ShortRangeLongRange
WAN
LAN
PAN
Bluetooth 2
Text
Digital
video Multi-channel
video
Graphics
Internet
Hi-Fi
audio Streaming
video
Bluetooth 1
802.15.1
WiMedia
802.15.3
Protocols OverviewProtocols Overview

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Why ZigBee?Why ZigBee?
Reliable and self healingReliable and self healing
Supports large number of nodesSupports large number of nodes
Easy to deployEasy to deploy
Very long battery lifeVery long battery life
SecureSecure
Low costLow cost
Can be used globallyCan be used globally

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Other benefitsOther benefits
Power consumptionPower consumption
Zigbee: 10mA <==> BT: 100mAZigbee: 10mA <==> BT: 100mA
Production costsProduction costs
 In the beginning of 2005In the beginning of 2005
Zigbee: 1.1 $ <==> BT: 3 $Zigbee: 1.1 $ <==> BT: 3 $
Development costsDevelopment costs
Code size ZB/code size BT = ½Code size ZB/code size BT = ½
Bit-error-rate (BER)Bit-error-rate (BER)

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Zigbee Frequency BandsZigbee Frequency Bands

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Silicon
PHY Layer
MAC Layer
LLC Layer
Network Layer
Zigbee
Stack
Application
Application Interface
Application
Customer
ZigbeeAlliance
IEEE
Zigbee StackZigbee Stack
CC2420CC2420
A Zigbee IC from Texas instruments that has bothA Zigbee IC from Texas instruments that has both
physical and MAC layerphysical and MAC layer

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Zigbee Protocol StackZigbee Protocol Stack

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• 65,536 network (client) nodes
• Optimized for timing-critical
applications and power
management
– Time to Join Network: <30ms
– Sleeping to active: <15ms
– Channel access time: <15ms
• Full Mesh Networking Support
Basic Network Characteristics
Network coordinator
Full Function node
Reduced Function node
Communications flow
Virtual links

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Zigbee Node-ZBCZigbee Node-ZBC
Zigbee Coordinator (ZBC) (IEEE 802.15.4Zigbee Coordinator (ZBC) (IEEE 802.15.4
FFD)FFD)
only one in a networkonly one in a network
initiates networkinitiates network
stores information about the networkstores information about the network
all devices communicate with the ZBCall devices communicate with the ZBC
routing functionalityrouting functionality
bridge to other networksbridge to other networks

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Zigbee Node-ZBRZigbee Node-ZBR
Zigbee Router (ZBR) (IEEE 802.15.4 FFD)Zigbee Router (ZBR) (IEEE 802.15.4 FFD)
optional componentoptional component
routes between nodesroutes between nodes
extends network coverageextends network coverage
manages local address allocation/de-manages local address allocation/de-
allocationallocation

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Zigbee Node-ZBEZigbee Node-ZBE
 Zigbee End Device (ZBE) (IEEE 802.15.4 RFD)Zigbee End Device (ZBE) (IEEE 802.15.4 RFD)
 optimized for low power consumptionoptimized for low power consumption
 cheapest device typecheapest device type
 communicates only with the coordinatorcommunicates only with the coordinator
 sensor would be deployed heresensor would be deployed here
 Most of the time they are in sleep modeMost of the time they are in sleep mode
 Mostly battery operated.Mostly battery operated.

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ZigBee Network Topologies
PAN coordinator
Full Function Device
Reduced Function Device
Star
Mesh
Cluster Tree

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Mesh topologyMesh topology

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Tree TopologyTree Topology

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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh NetworkingZigBee Mesh Networking

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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh NetworkingZigBee Mesh Networking

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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh NetworkingZigBee Mesh Networking

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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh NetworkingZigBee Mesh Networking

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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh NetworkingZigBee Mesh Networking

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Addressing Zigbee NodesAddressing Zigbee Nodes
Addressing Zigbee Nodes:Addressing Zigbee Nodes:
optimized unique 64 bit address (IEEEoptimized unique 64 bit address (IEEE
802.15.4).802.15.4).
16 bit network address (65536 devices).16 bit network address (65536 devices).
256 sub addresses for subunits.256 sub addresses for subunits.

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Discovering nodesDiscovering nodes
Device Discovery:Device Discovery:
 unicast (NWK id known)unicast (NWK id known)
 broadcast (NWK id unknown)broadcast (NWK id unknown)
 ZBC-/ZBR-Response: IEEE address + NWKZBC-/ZBR-Response: IEEE address + NWK
address + all known network addressesaddress + all known network addresses
Binding:Binding:
 creating logical links between 2 or more endcreating logical links between 2 or more end
devicesdevices

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Low Data Rate
Radio Devices
• TV
• VCR
• DVD
• CD
• Remote
• Mouse
• Keyboard
• Joystick
• Gamepad
• Security
• HVAC
• Lighting
• Closures
• PETs
• Game boys
• Educational
• Monitors
• Diagnostics
• Sensors
Industrial &
Commercial
Consumer
Electronics
Personal
Healthcare
• Monitors
• Sensors
• Automation
• Control
Toys
&
Games
Home
Automation
PC
Peripherals
Zigbee –Application scenariosZigbee –Application scenarios

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Queries????Queries????