Yuan Dynasty: China's History
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The Yuan Dynasty Mongol Conquest of China Under the Rule of Kublai Khan Contributions to China Contributions to the World
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Yuan dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was established in 1279 by Kublai Khan after the Mongol invasion of China. Kublai Khan ruled as Emperor until his death in 1294. He established the capital at Dadu, the modern city of Beijing. The Yuan Dynasty ruled over China until 1368, implementing Mongolian and Chinese political and cultural traditions until internal conflicts and natural disasters weakened the empire. Zhu Yuanzhang then led a rebellion that overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty.
AP Yuan Dynasty
The document discusses the Yuan Dynasty in China, which was established in 1271 after Kublai Khan conquered the Song Dynasty. Some key points:
1) The Yuan Dynasty was founded by Kublai Khan and was part of the vast Mongol Empire, which at its peak covered over 4.6 million square miles and was the largest empire in history.
2) While the Mongols adopted some aspects of Chinese governance, they maintained power and did not fully adopt Chinese culture, leading to tensions with the Chinese population.
3) The Yuan Dynasty encouraged trade and communication with other countries, importing goods from places like India and Arabia and exporting Chinese goods like silk and porcelain. However, taxes and
The Qin Dynasty
The document discusses the unification of China under the Qin Dynasty in the 3rd century BC. Key events include:
1) The first emperor, Shi Huangdi, builds a strong centralized government and rules using a strict legalist system with harsh punishments to bring China under his control.
2) Shi Huangdi orders the construction of a massive Great Wall along northern borders for defense and to symbolize Chinese power and unity.
3) Other achievements include standardized systems of weights, measures, and currency as well as infrastructure like roads and canals to facilitate transportation across China.
Ancient China Notes
China has a variety of climates and landscapes that influenced its development. The north has harsh winters while the south is wetter and grows rice. Mountains like the Himalayas and deserts isolated China but also allowed it to develop a unique culture. Major rivers like the Yellow River fostered agriculture and trade. Early dynasties like the Shang and Zhou established Chinese civilization and philosophies like Confucianism and Daoism that emphasized harmony with nature. Successive dynasties expanded the empire through technology, infrastructure, and military power but also faced invasions and rebellions due to harsh policies.
Chinese history introduction
This document provides an overview of Chinese history from 2200 BC to the present. It outlines the major dynasties and time periods, including the origins of Chinese civilization, early empires, second empire, birth of modern China, and contemporary China. Key topics covered include the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, the Qin unification, Han expansion, Tang and Song golden age, Yuan and Ming rule, Qing decline, Republican period, and establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
Shang dynasty powerpoint
The Shang Dynasty ruled from 2000-1650 BCE and was the first dynasty to leave written records. They practiced divination by heating bones and turtle shells, reading the cracks to answer questions. Over 150,000 oracle bones have been found with pictographs recording divinations. The bones provide valuable insight into Shang religion, social hierarchy, culture, and fall from power to the Zhou Dynasty.
Ancient China
Ancient China began along the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC with the Shang Dynasty. The Shang conquered the Neolithic farming villages and established the first organized state. Chinese civilization was highly isolated and independently developed advanced agriculture, metalworking, and a system of writing using ideographs. By the Zhou Dynasty from 1100-400 BC, Chinese culture was firmly established across a large empire, with a secular orientation emphasizing family, respect for elders, education, and literacy through the difficult written language.
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Yuan dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was established in 1279 by Kublai Khan after the Mongol invasion of China. Kublai Khan ruled as Emperor until his death in 1294. He established the capital at Dadu, the modern city of Beijing. The Yuan Dynasty ruled over China until 1368, implementing Mongolian and Chinese political and cultural traditions until internal conflicts and natural disasters weakened the empire. Zhu Yuanzhang then led a rebellion that overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty.
AP Yuan Dynasty
The document discusses the Yuan Dynasty in China, which was established in 1271 after Kublai Khan conquered the Song Dynasty. Some key points:
1) The Yuan Dynasty was founded by Kublai Khan and was part of the vast Mongol Empire, which at its peak covered over 4.6 million square miles and was the largest empire in history.
2) While the Mongols adopted some aspects of Chinese governance, they maintained power and did not fully adopt Chinese culture, leading to tensions with the Chinese population.
3) The Yuan Dynasty encouraged trade and communication with other countries, importing goods from places like India and Arabia and exporting Chinese goods like silk and porcelain. However, taxes and
The Qin Dynasty
The document discusses the unification of China under the Qin Dynasty in the 3rd century BC. Key events include:
1) The first emperor, Shi Huangdi, builds a strong centralized government and rules using a strict legalist system with harsh punishments to bring China under his control.
2) Shi Huangdi orders the construction of a massive Great Wall along northern borders for defense and to symbolize Chinese power and unity.
3) Other achievements include standardized systems of weights, measures, and currency as well as infrastructure like roads and canals to facilitate transportation across China.
Ancient China Notes
China has a variety of climates and landscapes that influenced its development. The north has harsh winters while the south is wetter and grows rice. Mountains like the Himalayas and deserts isolated China but also allowed it to develop a unique culture. Major rivers like the Yellow River fostered agriculture and trade. Early dynasties like the Shang and Zhou established Chinese civilization and philosophies like Confucianism and Daoism that emphasized harmony with nature. Successive dynasties expanded the empire through technology, infrastructure, and military power but also faced invasions and rebellions due to harsh policies.
Chinese history introduction
This document provides an overview of Chinese history from 2200 BC to the present. It outlines the major dynasties and time periods, including the origins of Chinese civilization, early empires, second empire, birth of modern China, and contemporary China. Key topics covered include the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, the Qin unification, Han expansion, Tang and Song golden age, Yuan and Ming rule, Qing decline, Republican period, and establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
Shang dynasty powerpoint
The Shang Dynasty ruled from 2000-1650 BCE and was the first dynasty to leave written records. They practiced divination by heating bones and turtle shells, reading the cracks to answer questions. Over 150,000 oracle bones have been found with pictographs recording divinations. The bones provide valuable insight into Shang religion, social hierarchy, culture, and fall from power to the Zhou Dynasty.
Ancient China
Ancient China began along the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC with the Shang Dynasty. The Shang conquered the Neolithic farming villages and established the first organized state. Chinese civilization was highly isolated and independently developed advanced agriculture, metalworking, and a system of writing using ideographs. By the Zhou Dynasty from 1100-400 BC, Chinese culture was firmly established across a large empire, with a secular orientation emphasizing family, respect for elders, education, and literacy through the difficult written language.
The Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty marked the rule of China by the Mongol Empire beginning in 1279, after the Song Dynasty was conquered. The Mongols were originally nomadic tribes from northern China led by the powerful khan Genghis Khan in the early 13th century. Genghis Khan and his armies went on to create the largest contiguous empire in world history through their highly disciplined forces and conquests across Asia and Eastern Europe. Following Genghis Khan's death, his sons and grandsons continued expanding the Mongol Empire, with his grandson Kublai Khan eventually proclaiming the Yuan Dynasty in China in 1279, establishing Mongol control over much of China.
Ancient China
- Ancient Chinese civilizations first developed along major rivers like the Yellow River and Yangtze River, which deposited rich soil for agriculture. The Shang Dynasty ruled from around 1600 BC to 1100 BC and was the first Chinese dynasty to be confirmed by historical records. Religion influenced Shang culture through rituals for ancestors, oracle bones connected to early writing, and bronzework. The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang around 1100 BC and introduced new concepts like the Mandate of Heaven to justify dynastic changes. Population and agriculture grew under the Zhou while new philosophies like Confucianism and Daoism emerged during the later Zhou period.
7 SS -- Ancient Chinese Civilizations (Chapter 4.1)
Ancient Chinese civilization extended back nearly 4,000 years and was ruled by a succession of dynasties. Key dynasties included the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties. The Han Dynasty ruled for 400 years and made important contributions such as developing the Silk Road, expanding trade, and establishing a strong central government. Chinese philosophy and religion also developed, with Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism influencing Chinese thought and culture.
Chinese Dynasties Overview
The document provides an overview of major Chinese dynasties from Shang to Qing. It discusses the origins and developments of each dynasty, including the Shang establishing cities and writing, the Zhou establishing a feudal system, the Qin developing a centralized government, the Han introducing Confucianism and expanding trade through the Silk Road, the Tang reaching a cultural high point and inventing gunpowder, the Song establishing a large bureaucracy, the Yuan conquering China under Kublai Khan, the Ming trying to erase Mongol influence, and the Qing taking power from the Manchus but eventually being weakened by foreign intervention.
Chinese civilization
1) China has one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations dating back to around 1500 BC along the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys.
2) Early dynasties included the Shang Dynasty which established the first Chinese civilization, and the Zhou Dynasty which expanded Chinese rule and developed the concept of the Mandate of Heaven.
3) The Qin Dynasty in the 3rd century BC was the first to unify China under an emperor, standardizing laws, currency, and language.
4) The long-lasting Han Dynasty expanded China territorially and economically along the Silk Road, though it eventually collapsed due to corruption and loss of control.
Chinese Civilization: an Overview
The document provides a summary of Chinese dynasties from 1500 BCE to 1911 CE. It focuses on details about the Shang Dynasty, which ruled from around 1500 BCE to 1027 BCE. Key points:
- The Shang Dynasty was the first dynasty to create a stable government in China, laying the foundations for future dynasties. They developed writing, calendar, arts, and bronze casting.
- Kings ruled as absolute monarchs. Society was divided into classes like nobles, artisans, farmers and slaves. Religion involved ancestor worship and divination rituals using oracle bones.
- The Qin Dynasty unified China's warring states in 221 BCE. The First Emperor standardized laws, currency and measurements. Not
Zhou dynasty
The Zhou Dynasty ruled China from the 11th century BCE to 256 BCE. It was divided into two periods - the Western Zhou (1046-771 BCE) and Eastern Zhou (770-256 BCE), which was further divided into the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BCE) and Warring States period (475-221 BCE). Key developments during the Zhou Dynasty included the rise of Confucianism and Daoism, the use of iron, population growth, and the development of Chinese characters. Bronze ritual vessels became more sophisticated with the use of lost wax casting and decorations.
Zhou
The Zhou Dynasty lasted from 1045 BC to 256 BC in ancient China. During this almost 800 year period, the Zhou Dynasty established itself as the longest ruling dynasty by developing a stable political system with many emperors. Farming was the main economic activity and adopted a feudal structure. New philosophies like the Mandate of Heaven, Taoism, and Confucianism emerged. The Zhou military expanded significantly and fought many battles against barbarians. The dynasty transitioned from the Western Zhou to Eastern Zhou periods, which included the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, as power decentralized and new states emerged. By the end, only two states remained before the Qin unified China.
Shang Dynasty
The Shang Dynasty ruled China from around 1600 BCE to 1050 BCE. It was the first dynasty to leave written records and archaeological evidence. The Shang Dynasty developed advanced bronze technology and was the birthplace of Chinese civilization. It was eventually conquered by the Zhou tribe in 1050 BCE, ending the dynasty.
Ming dynasty
The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644 and controlled territory from Korea to Southeast Asia. It rose after the decline of the Yuan Dynasty due to civil war, natural disasters, and peasant rebellions. The Ming was China's last dynasty and one of its most prosperous eras, with a strong central government. Key figures included Hongwu, who founded the dynasty and maintained a strong military, and Zheng He, who led naval expeditions to Southeast Asia, India, and East Africa between 1405 and 1433. The Ming pursued isolationist foreign policies and saw the arrival of the first Europeans in 1514.
Mongols Genghis Khan origins society, empire
The Mongols originated on the Mongolian steppes and were nomadic pastoralists skilled in horsemanship and archery. Under Genghis Khan in the 1200s, they created a unified military force and used innovative tactics like mobility and psychological warfare to build the largest land empire in world history, conquering regions from Eastern Europe to East Asia. Their empire peaked under subsequent khans but later fragmented into four khanates, with conquered regions experiencing varying levels of destruction and administration under Mongol rule.
History power point china
The document provides information on:
1. Geography of China - It is larger than the US with climate varying from temperate in the north to subtropical in the south. Important rivers include the Yellow River in the north and Yangtze River in central China.
2. A mapping activity is described where students will identify and mark features on a map of China including the country outline, Great Wall, Beijing, and the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers.
3. A video is referenced that provides information on ancient Chinese civilization from 10,000 BCE to 220 CE including the influence of geography, early developments, and the structure of society.
An overview of Chinese history
The document provides an overview of Chinese history from 2100 BC to the present day. It discusses the early dynasties including the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It then covers the imperial periods including the Qin dynasty which first unified China, and the Han dynasty which saw the first golden age. Subsequent sections summarize the periods of disunity like the Three Kingdoms period, as well as important dynasties like the Sui and Tang dynasties when China was again united and culturally prosperous. The document touches on many influential figures, political and philosophical developments, and cultural achievements over Chinese civilization.
Shang Dynasty
The document summarizes aspects of ancient Chinese civilization during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, including:
1) The Shang and Zhou dynasties helped make China a powerful civilization, though they faced floods and isolation from other groups.
2) Family and ancestor worship were important, and kings consulted spirits through oracle bones. Society was patriarchal and literacy varied by class.
3) Crafts like bronze working and silk production advanced under the Zhou, who also introduced coinage and iron tools to boost trade and agriculture.
Zhou Dynasty PPT
The Zhou Dynasty conquered the Shang Dynasty in 1027 BCE and ruled over China until 256 BCE. They justified their conquest by claiming the Shang had lost the Mandate of Heaven, the divine right to rule granted by the gods. During the long Zhou rule, Chinese culture and technology advanced significantly through ambitious public works and the introduction of iron, money, and early forms of writing. However, over time the Zhou kings lost control of the feudal lords, leading to a period of political unrest and war between states vying for more power and territory.
chinese Dynasties
The document discusses the major Chinese dynasties from earliest to most recent. It begins with the Hsia Dynasty established around 2205 BCE by Emperor Yu, followed by the Shang Dynasty noted for its development of a lunar calendar and silk production. The longest ruling Chou or Zhou Dynasty is mentioned for establishing the civil service examination and feudal system. Later dynasties discussed include the Qin which first unified China under Shih Huang Ti, the Han known for establishing Confucianism, the Sui believed to have laid the foundations for China's golden age, and the Tang characterized as China's most powerful period. Later dynasties such as the Song, Yuan, and Ming are also summarized.
T'ang dynasty
The document provides information about the Tang Dynasty in China which lasted from 618-907 AD. It includes brief biographies of several Tang emperors such as Li Yuan, Li Shimin, Li Zhi, Li Xian, and Li Dan. It also describes some of the key policies and cultural achievements during the Tang Dynasty, such as land reforms, legal system influenced by Confucianism, and flourishing of art and poetry. The dynasty reached its peak during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong but later declined and fell in 907 AD.
2.4 River Dynasties in China
Barriers like oceans, mountains, and deserts isolated early China, but two major river systems, the Huang He and Yangtze, supported agriculture. The Huang He's floods could devastate villages but also left fertile silt. China's heartland in the North China Plain between the rivers became the center of civilization. The first dynasties like the Xia and Shang emerged around 2000 BCE, with the Shang establishing cities, writing, and social hierarchy. Under the Zhou dynasty starting in 1027 BCE, a system of feudalism developed where kings granted land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and service, though this contributed to instability and warfare between states over time.
Shang dynasty
The Xia Dynasty fell around 1600 BCE due to the tyrannical rule of King Jie. After the Xia's fall, Shang Tang came to power and established the Shang Dynasty, gaining support from smaller kingdoms. The Shang Dynasty lasted over 600 years, developing advanced skills in bronze-working, writing, and silk production. Kings like Wu Ding expanded the dynasty's territory and cultural achievements, though the last King Di Xin oversaw the dynasty's fall to the Zhou.
Ancient Civilizations: The Mongols
The document summarizes the Mongol empire, which originated from nomadic tribes in East Asia and became the largest land empire in history under the leadership of Genghis Khan in the 13th-14th centuries. The Mongols conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe through skilled horse riding and warfare. At its peak, the Mongol empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Sea of Japan, covering around 16% of Earth's land. The empire later fractured into khanates ruled by Genghis Khan's descendants in regions like Russia, India, and China, leaving a cultural legacy but also causing immense destruction and spreading pandemics during its rapid rise and expansion.
Ming dynasty with reading
Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty in China after defeating the Mongols in 1368. During its 300-year rule, the Ming Dynasty accomplished several major building projects and expanded China's international influence through voyages led by Zheng He. The Ming built the massive Forbidden City palace complex in Beijing, which included 9,000 rooms and was designed using Chinese symbols of power and philosophy. They also reconstructed sections of the Great Wall, expanding it to over 2,000 miles long. While the Ming initially engaged in overseas exploration and trade under Zheng He, they later adopted a policy of isolationism that aimed to eliminate all foreign influence.
The mongol empire
Genghis Khan and his descendants Ogedi Khan, Gujak Khan, Mongke Khan, and Kublai Khan led the Mongol Empire from 1206 to 1368, with Kublai Khan going on to start the Yuan Dynasty in China after the Mongols conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe under the leadership of these great khans.
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The Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty marked the rule of China by the Mongol Empire beginning in 1279, after the Song Dynasty was conquered. The Mongols were originally nomadic tribes from northern China led by the powerful khan Genghis Khan in the early 13th century. Genghis Khan and his armies went on to create the largest contiguous empire in world history through their highly disciplined forces and conquests across Asia and Eastern Europe. Following Genghis Khan's death, his sons and grandsons continued expanding the Mongol Empire, with his grandson Kublai Khan eventually proclaiming the Yuan Dynasty in China in 1279, establishing Mongol control over much of China.
Ancient China
- Ancient Chinese civilizations first developed along major rivers like the Yellow River and Yangtze River, which deposited rich soil for agriculture. The Shang Dynasty ruled from around 1600 BC to 1100 BC and was the first Chinese dynasty to be confirmed by historical records. Religion influenced Shang culture through rituals for ancestors, oracle bones connected to early writing, and bronzework. The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang around 1100 BC and introduced new concepts like the Mandate of Heaven to justify dynastic changes. Population and agriculture grew under the Zhou while new philosophies like Confucianism and Daoism emerged during the later Zhou period.
7 SS -- Ancient Chinese Civilizations (Chapter 4.1)
Ancient Chinese civilization extended back nearly 4,000 years and was ruled by a succession of dynasties. Key dynasties included the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties. The Han Dynasty ruled for 400 years and made important contributions such as developing the Silk Road, expanding trade, and establishing a strong central government. Chinese philosophy and religion also developed, with Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism influencing Chinese thought and culture.
Chinese Dynasties Overview
The document provides an overview of major Chinese dynasties from Shang to Qing. It discusses the origins and developments of each dynasty, including the Shang establishing cities and writing, the Zhou establishing a feudal system, the Qin developing a centralized government, the Han introducing Confucianism and expanding trade through the Silk Road, the Tang reaching a cultural high point and inventing gunpowder, the Song establishing a large bureaucracy, the Yuan conquering China under Kublai Khan, the Ming trying to erase Mongol influence, and the Qing taking power from the Manchus but eventually being weakened by foreign intervention.
Chinese civilization
1) China has one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations dating back to around 1500 BC along the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys.
2) Early dynasties included the Shang Dynasty which established the first Chinese civilization, and the Zhou Dynasty which expanded Chinese rule and developed the concept of the Mandate of Heaven.
3) The Qin Dynasty in the 3rd century BC was the first to unify China under an emperor, standardizing laws, currency, and language.
4) The long-lasting Han Dynasty expanded China territorially and economically along the Silk Road, though it eventually collapsed due to corruption and loss of control.
Chinese Civilization: an Overview
The document provides a summary of Chinese dynasties from 1500 BCE to 1911 CE. It focuses on details about the Shang Dynasty, which ruled from around 1500 BCE to 1027 BCE. Key points:
- The Shang Dynasty was the first dynasty to create a stable government in China, laying the foundations for future dynasties. They developed writing, calendar, arts, and bronze casting.
- Kings ruled as absolute monarchs. Society was divided into classes like nobles, artisans, farmers and slaves. Religion involved ancestor worship and divination rituals using oracle bones.
- The Qin Dynasty unified China's warring states in 221 BCE. The First Emperor standardized laws, currency and measurements. Not
Zhou dynasty
The Zhou Dynasty ruled China from the 11th century BCE to 256 BCE. It was divided into two periods - the Western Zhou (1046-771 BCE) and Eastern Zhou (770-256 BCE), which was further divided into the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BCE) and Warring States period (475-221 BCE). Key developments during the Zhou Dynasty included the rise of Confucianism and Daoism, the use of iron, population growth, and the development of Chinese characters. Bronze ritual vessels became more sophisticated with the use of lost wax casting and decorations.
Zhou
The Zhou Dynasty lasted from 1045 BC to 256 BC in ancient China. During this almost 800 year period, the Zhou Dynasty established itself as the longest ruling dynasty by developing a stable political system with many emperors. Farming was the main economic activity and adopted a feudal structure. New philosophies like the Mandate of Heaven, Taoism, and Confucianism emerged. The Zhou military expanded significantly and fought many battles against barbarians. The dynasty transitioned from the Western Zhou to Eastern Zhou periods, which included the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, as power decentralized and new states emerged. By the end, only two states remained before the Qin unified China.
Shang Dynasty
The Shang Dynasty ruled China from around 1600 BCE to 1050 BCE. It was the first dynasty to leave written records and archaeological evidence. The Shang Dynasty developed advanced bronze technology and was the birthplace of Chinese civilization. It was eventually conquered by the Zhou tribe in 1050 BCE, ending the dynasty.
Ming dynasty
The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644 and controlled territory from Korea to Southeast Asia. It rose after the decline of the Yuan Dynasty due to civil war, natural disasters, and peasant rebellions. The Ming was China's last dynasty and one of its most prosperous eras, with a strong central government. Key figures included Hongwu, who founded the dynasty and maintained a strong military, and Zheng He, who led naval expeditions to Southeast Asia, India, and East Africa between 1405 and 1433. The Ming pursued isolationist foreign policies and saw the arrival of the first Europeans in 1514.
Mongols Genghis Khan origins society, empire
The Mongols originated on the Mongolian steppes and were nomadic pastoralists skilled in horsemanship and archery. Under Genghis Khan in the 1200s, they created a unified military force and used innovative tactics like mobility and psychological warfare to build the largest land empire in world history, conquering regions from Eastern Europe to East Asia. Their empire peaked under subsequent khans but later fragmented into four khanates, with conquered regions experiencing varying levels of destruction and administration under Mongol rule.
History power point china
The document provides information on:
1. Geography of China - It is larger than the US with climate varying from temperate in the north to subtropical in the south. Important rivers include the Yellow River in the north and Yangtze River in central China.
2. A mapping activity is described where students will identify and mark features on a map of China including the country outline, Great Wall, Beijing, and the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers.
3. A video is referenced that provides information on ancient Chinese civilization from 10,000 BCE to 220 CE including the influence of geography, early developments, and the structure of society.
An overview of Chinese history
The document provides an overview of Chinese history from 2100 BC to the present day. It discusses the early dynasties including the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It then covers the imperial periods including the Qin dynasty which first unified China, and the Han dynasty which saw the first golden age. Subsequent sections summarize the periods of disunity like the Three Kingdoms period, as well as important dynasties like the Sui and Tang dynasties when China was again united and culturally prosperous. The document touches on many influential figures, political and philosophical developments, and cultural achievements over Chinese civilization.
Shang Dynasty
The document summarizes aspects of ancient Chinese civilization during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, including:
1) The Shang and Zhou dynasties helped make China a powerful civilization, though they faced floods and isolation from other groups.
2) Family and ancestor worship were important, and kings consulted spirits through oracle bones. Society was patriarchal and literacy varied by class.
3) Crafts like bronze working and silk production advanced under the Zhou, who also introduced coinage and iron tools to boost trade and agriculture.
Zhou Dynasty PPT
The Zhou Dynasty conquered the Shang Dynasty in 1027 BCE and ruled over China until 256 BCE. They justified their conquest by claiming the Shang had lost the Mandate of Heaven, the divine right to rule granted by the gods. During the long Zhou rule, Chinese culture and technology advanced significantly through ambitious public works and the introduction of iron, money, and early forms of writing. However, over time the Zhou kings lost control of the feudal lords, leading to a period of political unrest and war between states vying for more power and territory.
chinese Dynasties
The document discusses the major Chinese dynasties from earliest to most recent. It begins with the Hsia Dynasty established around 2205 BCE by Emperor Yu, followed by the Shang Dynasty noted for its development of a lunar calendar and silk production. The longest ruling Chou or Zhou Dynasty is mentioned for establishing the civil service examination and feudal system. Later dynasties discussed include the Qin which first unified China under Shih Huang Ti, the Han known for establishing Confucianism, the Sui believed to have laid the foundations for China's golden age, and the Tang characterized as China's most powerful period. Later dynasties such as the Song, Yuan, and Ming are also summarized.
T'ang dynasty
The document provides information about the Tang Dynasty in China which lasted from 618-907 AD. It includes brief biographies of several Tang emperors such as Li Yuan, Li Shimin, Li Zhi, Li Xian, and Li Dan. It also describes some of the key policies and cultural achievements during the Tang Dynasty, such as land reforms, legal system influenced by Confucianism, and flourishing of art and poetry. The dynasty reached its peak during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong but later declined and fell in 907 AD.
2.4 River Dynasties in China
Barriers like oceans, mountains, and deserts isolated early China, but two major river systems, the Huang He and Yangtze, supported agriculture. The Huang He's floods could devastate villages but also left fertile silt. China's heartland in the North China Plain between the rivers became the center of civilization. The first dynasties like the Xia and Shang emerged around 2000 BCE, with the Shang establishing cities, writing, and social hierarchy. Under the Zhou dynasty starting in 1027 BCE, a system of feudalism developed where kings granted land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and service, though this contributed to instability and warfare between states over time.
Shang dynasty
The Xia Dynasty fell around 1600 BCE due to the tyrannical rule of King Jie. After the Xia's fall, Shang Tang came to power and established the Shang Dynasty, gaining support from smaller kingdoms. The Shang Dynasty lasted over 600 years, developing advanced skills in bronze-working, writing, and silk production. Kings like Wu Ding expanded the dynasty's territory and cultural achievements, though the last King Di Xin oversaw the dynasty's fall to the Zhou.
Ancient Civilizations: The Mongols
The document summarizes the Mongol empire, which originated from nomadic tribes in East Asia and became the largest land empire in history under the leadership of Genghis Khan in the 13th-14th centuries. The Mongols conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe through skilled horse riding and warfare. At its peak, the Mongol empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Sea of Japan, covering around 16% of Earth's land. The empire later fractured into khanates ruled by Genghis Khan's descendants in regions like Russia, India, and China, leaving a cultural legacy but also causing immense destruction and spreading pandemics during its rapid rise and expansion.
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7 SS -- Ancient Chinese Civilizations (Chapter 4.1)
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Genghis Khan and his descendants Ogedi Khan, Gujak Khan, Mongke Khan, and Kublai Khan led the Mongol Empire from 1206 to 1368, with Kublai Khan going on to start the Yuan Dynasty in China after the Mongols conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe under the leadership of these great khans.
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- 2. Mongol Empire & Yuan Dynasty
- 3. The Yuan Dynasty Capital: Dadu (Beijing) Languages: Chinese, Mongolian Religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion, Tengriism, Christianity, Islam
- 4. The Yuan Dynasty Government: Monarchy Currency: Paper Currency (Chao), Chinese cash Today part of: Burma, China, India, North Korea, South Korea, Laos Mongolia, Russia, Hong Kong, Macao, Vietnam
- 5. Mongol Conquest of China Tiemuzhen/Genghis Khan (1162-1227) Founder and emperor of the Mongol Empire. Placed in the imperial records as the official founder of Yuan Dynasty by his grandson, Kublai Khan. Assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor. Split his empire into khanates. Conquered many lands across Asia and Europe: North China in the East. Turkey in the West. Russia in the North. Europe was saved from the Mongol invasion when Genghis Khan died after defeating the Western Xia in 1227.
- 6. Founding of Yuan Dynasty Kublai Khan (1260-1294) Known as the Great Khan. True founder and emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. First Mongol (non-Chinese) emperor of China. Genghis Khan's grandson. Defeated his younger brother Ariq Böke in a succession war. Invasions of Japan, in 1274 and 1281, were failures. Invasion of Java in 1293 was also a failure. Transferred the Mongol capital from Karakorum to Peking.
- 7. Under the Rule of Kublai Khan Introduced the Mongol customs in China and at the same time the Mongols assimilated themselves to the Chinese culture. Established a government with institutions resembling the ones in earlier Chinese dynasties and made reforms to maintain his centralized rule. Centralized the government of China and made himself an absolute monarch. Made Dadu, which is present-day Beijing, the capital of Yuan. Made Shangdu the summer capital. Improved the agriculture of China, extending the Grand Canal, highways, and public granaries. The agricultural techniques used were superior to those of the previous dynasties and food output increased.
- 8. Linked China to the east and west which brought in further influx of various religious and cultural influences. Supported the Silk Road trade network, allowing the contacts between Chinese technologies and the western ones. Promoted science and restored the schools, invited scholars, scientists, and artists to his court. Promoted religion and tolerated all foreign religions and welcomed their missionaries. Christianity Islam Buddhism Carried on diplomatic relations with the Vatican and the Western nations. Issued paper banknotes (made from mulberry bark paper) known as Chao. The use of paper currency stimulated the development of commerce. Marco Polo described his rule as benevolent: relieving the populace of taxes in times of hardships; building hospitals and orphanages; distributing food among the abjectly poor.
- 9. Marco Polo A Venetian traveler. A good friend of Kublai Khan. Worked as an envoy for Kublai Khan. Messenger to the Western world. Told the story of his travels in a book entitled The Travels of Marco Polo. Catapulted the historical epoch called the "Age of Discovery and Exploration". father Arrival of Marco Polo and his and uncle at the court of Kublai Khan at Peking.
- 10. Contributions to China & to the World Paper money Magnetic compass Blue & white porcelain
- 11. Guns Hand cannon Gunpowder Landscape painting Four Great Painters: Huang Gongwang Ni Zan Wu Zhen Wang Meng
- 12. Theatre Opera Music Decimal numbers
- 13. Thank you! Yuan Dynasty: China's History Pumar, Korinna Kim S.