Children can become infected with HIV/AIDS through mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, or through sexual contact with an infected individual. Adolescent girls and young women are among the most vulnerable groups due to biological and socioeconomic factors. While organizations and governments work to educate communities and increase access to treatment, stigma surrounding the disease continues to negatively impact those living with HIV/AIDS, especially children.
HIV originated from a virus found in chimpanzees. It likely entered the US in the 1970s and was originally known as GRID since it seemed to affect gay men. In the early 1980s it became apparent that HIV could infect heterosexuals as well, and it was renamed to AIDS. In 1984, scientists identified HIV as the cause of AIDS. The first drug to treat AIDS, AZT, was approved in 1987. HIV attacks and weakens the immune system, ultimately leading to AIDS if not treated. It is most often transmitted through unprotected sex or sharing needles.
Did you know: 3 out of 4 are vulnerable to HIV AIDS?TalentsIn India
“Care for us and accept us – we are all human beings. We are normal. We have hands. We have feet. We can walk, we can talk, we have needs just live everyone else – don’t be afraid of us – we are all the same!”
- An Aids Patient
This document provides information about asthma and HIV/AIDS in children. It defines asthma as a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. It notes that asthma affects over 17 million people in the US, with children under 10 making up half of cases. Common asthma triggers include respiratory infections, allergens, irritants, weather, exercise and emotions. The document also defines HIV/AIDS and notes transmission occurs from mother to child at birth, breastfeeding, contaminated blood or needles, and sexual contact. Physical symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection. Resources and organizations that provide support for children with these conditions are also listed.
The document discusses the impact of HIV/AIDS on children worldwide. It states that over 2.5 million children under 15 are living with HIV/AIDS globally and 500,000 children died of AIDS in 2003 alone. Children are often infected through mother-to-child transmission or made vulnerable due to poverty, lack of education and sexual exploitation. The document advocates for educating people on HIV/AIDS to reduce stigma and promote prevention and treatment efforts that can help infected children.
The document provides information about HIV/AIDS including how it is transmitted, ways to protect oneself, myths and facts about transmission, statistics about those affected, and resources for testing and getting involved. It encourages getting tested, wearing a red ribbon on World AIDS Day to raise awareness, and volunteering or attending events to learn more and honor those lost to the disease.
World AIDS Day is observed annually on December 1st to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS and commemorate those who have died from the disease. It began in 1988 and has become an important international health day for educating people about prevention, treatment, and eliminating stigma. The 2012 theme was "Getting to Zero", focusing on eliminating new HIV infections, discrimination, and AIDS-related deaths.
1) The document describes implementing an HIV/AIDS prevention program called Making Proud Choices! with young adolescent females in Washington DC.
2) It found the program successfully increased participants' knowledge about HIV/AIDS and risk behaviors, though it did not significantly change attitudes.
3) Intended behaviors showed most participants planned to abstain from sex, though some intended to use condoms, and more planned to not get an HIV test even if they thought they may be infected.
Children can become infected with HIV/AIDS through mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, or through sexual contact with an infected individual. Adolescent girls and young women are among the most vulnerable groups due to biological and socioeconomic factors. While organizations and governments work to educate communities and increase access to treatment, stigma surrounding the disease continues to negatively impact those living with HIV/AIDS, especially children.
HIV originated from a virus found in chimpanzees. It likely entered the US in the 1970s and was originally known as GRID since it seemed to affect gay men. In the early 1980s it became apparent that HIV could infect heterosexuals as well, and it was renamed to AIDS. In 1984, scientists identified HIV as the cause of AIDS. The first drug to treat AIDS, AZT, was approved in 1987. HIV attacks and weakens the immune system, ultimately leading to AIDS if not treated. It is most often transmitted through unprotected sex or sharing needles.
Did you know: 3 out of 4 are vulnerable to HIV AIDS?TalentsIn India
“Care for us and accept us – we are all human beings. We are normal. We have hands. We have feet. We can walk, we can talk, we have needs just live everyone else – don’t be afraid of us – we are all the same!”
- An Aids Patient
This document provides information about asthma and HIV/AIDS in children. It defines asthma as a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. It notes that asthma affects over 17 million people in the US, with children under 10 making up half of cases. Common asthma triggers include respiratory infections, allergens, irritants, weather, exercise and emotions. The document also defines HIV/AIDS and notes transmission occurs from mother to child at birth, breastfeeding, contaminated blood or needles, and sexual contact. Physical symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection. Resources and organizations that provide support for children with these conditions are also listed.
The document discusses the impact of HIV/AIDS on children worldwide. It states that over 2.5 million children under 15 are living with HIV/AIDS globally and 500,000 children died of AIDS in 2003 alone. Children are often infected through mother-to-child transmission or made vulnerable due to poverty, lack of education and sexual exploitation. The document advocates for educating people on HIV/AIDS to reduce stigma and promote prevention and treatment efforts that can help infected children.
The document provides information about HIV/AIDS including how it is transmitted, ways to protect oneself, myths and facts about transmission, statistics about those affected, and resources for testing and getting involved. It encourages getting tested, wearing a red ribbon on World AIDS Day to raise awareness, and volunteering or attending events to learn more and honor those lost to the disease.
World AIDS Day is observed annually on December 1st to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS and commemorate those who have died from the disease. It began in 1988 and has become an important international health day for educating people about prevention, treatment, and eliminating stigma. The 2012 theme was "Getting to Zero", focusing on eliminating new HIV infections, discrimination, and AIDS-related deaths.
1) The document describes implementing an HIV/AIDS prevention program called Making Proud Choices! with young adolescent females in Washington DC.
2) It found the program successfully increased participants' knowledge about HIV/AIDS and risk behaviors, though it did not significantly change attitudes.
3) Intended behaviors showed most participants planned to abstain from sex, though some intended to use condoms, and more planned to not get an HIV test even if they thought they may be infected.
This document provides teaching materials about HIV and AIDS for grades 6 to 8. It includes discussion questions, student activities, and a reproducible handout. The discussion questions focus on defining HIV and AIDS, how HIV is transmitted, and how to prevent transmission. One activity asks students to write a news segment explaining HIV/AIDS to dispel myths. The other activity tasks students with designing an AIDS awareness ad covering transmission and prevention. The handout provides space for students to draft their news script.
Educational achievement is a significant indicator of children’s wellbeing and future life opportunities. It can predict growth potential and economic viability of a country. While this is an ideal situation for all children, the case may be different for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) due to the psychosocial challenges they go through on a daily basis. It is even worse for children attending public primary schools in Kenya. This paper aims to advance a debate on the relationship between psychosocial support and educational support provided for OVC through a critical engagement on the challenges experienced and the intervention measures to be taken in Kenyan public primary schools context. The study is based on the critical review of related literature materials. Findings suggest that, although the Kenyan government has put mechanisms in place to support OVC attain basic education, numerous challenges are found to be hindering some OVC from attaining quality education. Based on the findings, the paper recommends that there is need for various interventions to address psychosocial needs of orphans and children attending primary schools.
The Risk Lies in Not Knowing HIV AIDS Awareness and Acceptance towards PLWHAijtsrd
This document summarizes a study that assessed HIV/AIDS awareness and acceptance of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among senior high school students in Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines. The study found that respondents had a high level of HIV/AIDS awareness and acceptance of PLWHA. It also found statistically significant correlations between gender and levels of awareness/acceptance, as well as a strong correlation between overall awareness and acceptance levels. The study concluded higher awareness is linked to greater acceptance of PLWHA.
Most HIV infections occur in Africa, where over 40 million people are infected. HIV is usually spread through sexual intercourse or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. The risk of mother-to-child transmission can be reduced through antiretroviral treatment and avoiding breastfeeding if replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, sustainable, and safe. HIV infection is diagnosed through antibody tests or PCR testing. Early diagnosis allows for earlier treatment and monitoring of infected infants.
What is an Abuse?
What is Child maltreatment?
Scope of the problem:
Consequences of maltreatment:
A GLOBAL PROBLEM
TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE
COMPILING DATA
EXTREME CASES OF CHILD NEGLECT AND ABUSE
STARVED, ABANDONED, ALONE: GENIE, THE FERAL CHILD
ZHENYA BARSUKOV
GIRL IN THE WINDOW
Currently many of study has been conduct on HIV but very few study has targeted on Older adult with HIV. I have gone through many study to find problems of older adult with HIV.
The document discusses HIV/AIDS prevention in prisons. It notes that prisons conditions like overcrowding can increase HIV transmission. However, prisoners still have basic rights like access to medical treatment and education. The document recommends preventing transmission through voluntary counseling and testing, condom distribution, treating STIs, and promoting abstinence and faithfulness between partners. Prison staff should provide prevention education and voluntary testing while prisoners should protect themselves and others from infection.
Are children with disabilities more likely to experience abuse and neglect? I...mjbinstitute
Presentation by Dori Rivkin, Senior Research Scholar and Research Team Leader, Family Group, the Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute, Israel's leading center for applied social research.
Presented online to Haruv Virtual Summer Series, Wednesday, June 24, 2020.
The document provides an overview of child poverty around the world. It defines poverty, discusses the causes and types of poverty, and where it is occurring globally including in developing countries, the United States, and locally. The document also outlines some of the effects of poverty on children including lack of basic needs, health issues, and barriers to education. It concludes by suggesting ways to help address poverty such as fundraising or supporting charitable organizations.
The document provides an overview of child poverty around the world. It defines poverty as the lack of basic necessities like food, water, shelter, education and healthcare. The causes of poverty include natural disasters, diseases, economic factors and social issues. Poverty is happening in developing regions of Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East. In the US, over 35 million people live in poverty. Locally in Philadelphia and Montgomery County, poverty rates are over 20%. The document outlines some of the negative effects of poverty on children and discusses organizations working to help reduce poverty.
This document provides information about several common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes, and others. It describes the causative agents, transmission methods, symptoms, potential complications if left untreated, diagnostic testing and treatment options for each STI. The document contains diagrams and photographs to illustrate signs and symptoms. Overall, it serves as an educational reference on STIs aimed at informing readers about identification and management.
Teens need immunizations beyond childhood to stay protected from diseases. The CDC vaccination schedule continues through the teen years for vaccines like Tdap, meningococcal, HPV, and influenza. However, vaccination rates decline as children age due to factors like fewer doctor visits and the perception that immunizations are not needed. It is important for parents to keep teens on schedule by discussing their vaccination needs at annual checkups.
Immunization concerns revised 3-2-2011 - final [compatibility mode]Jina Dcruz
This document discusses separating fact from fiction regarding immunization concerns. It outlines the public health impact of vaccines and vaccine schedules. It addresses common concerns such as vaccine safety, effectiveness, and necessity. It provides reputable information to address concerns about specific vaccines including rotavirus, hepatitis B, influenza, and more. The goal is to help parents feel confident that vaccinating their child is the right decision.
This document summarizes information about immunization concerns and separating fact from fiction. It outlines reputable vaccine resources such as the CDC and Immunization Action Coalition websites. It addresses common vaccine concerns like safety, efficacy, and whether vaccines are necessary. It dispels myths such as those linking vaccines to autism. The document was written by Dr. Nancy Kelly from UT Southwestern Medical Center to provide evidence-based information on immunization topics.
This document summarizes a study analyzing pro-anorexia blogs written by Portuguese-speaking adolescents between 13-19 years old. The study examined 11 blogs over several months to understand the dynamics and popularity of these spaces. The blogs provided a safe space for adolescents to share physical insecurities, dreams of extreme thinness, and encouragement for dangerous behaviors. While data cannot be generalized, the blogs appeared to contribute to the spread of risky content online, encouragement of disordered eating, maintenance of eating disorders, isolation from offline relationships, and growth of these communities among youth. The article aims to raise awareness of this issue and need for further research on Portuguese children and male bloggers.
The document discusses a campaign by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) called "Wipe Out the Whoop" which aims to raise awareness about the need for adult and adolescent booster vaccination against whooping cough. Actor and mother Cheryl Hines is partnering with NFID on the campaign to encourage mothers to get vaccinated themselves and ensure family members who interact with infants also get vaccinated. Whooping cough cases have been rising in recent years, with about one-third of cases occurring in adults whose childhood immunity has worn off. The campaign hopes to educate mothers on the importance of vaccination to protect their families, especially vulnerable infants, against this serious disease.
The "Lose the Booze" intervention program aims to address binge drinking among University of Delaware students aged 18-25 through a 12-month program with five eight-week interventions focusing on knowledge of drinking risks, social pressures to drink, and alcohol accessibility. The program will use activities, videos, and online assessments to increase knowledge and provide strategies for dealing with drinking situations. It will consist of an online course and four seminars and needs $122,123 to operate.
Self-stigma: an unspoken world of unspoken things - Nadine Ferris FranceReShape
This document discusses self-stigma experienced by people living with HIV. It provides evidence from several stigma index studies that found people living with HIV stigmatized themselves more than the general public stigmatized people with HIV. The document discusses how self-stigma can restrict people's agency and contribute to feelings of shame, guilt, and low self-esteem. It examines formative research on the core beliefs underlying self-stigma for people living with HIV in Ireland. The document calls for recognizing and addressing self-stigma through advocacy, interventions that promote self-love and compassion, and paradigm shifts that enable change.
The document discusses potential engineering project ideas including modeling a two-cycle gas weed trimmer in ProEngineer, designing a wind turbine as part of renewable energy education, building an infrared and microcontroller-controlled Boe-Bot robot that allows for creativity, and using ProEngineer to draw and modify everyday objects. It also mentions potential biomedical engineering projects.
St. Vincent de Paul operates 2 free meal sites. They Advisory Board had requested a dedicated Marketing Plan as a first step in engaging the surrounding communities. This was in anticipation of a relocation.
This presentation was for the President of the Board of Directors to use in a presentation to the support staff, volunteers and steering committee members. A relocation was anticipated. This was presented in conjunction with the Meal Site Marketing plan (also available).
This document provides teaching materials about HIV and AIDS for grades 6 to 8. It includes discussion questions, student activities, and a reproducible handout. The discussion questions focus on defining HIV and AIDS, how HIV is transmitted, and how to prevent transmission. One activity asks students to write a news segment explaining HIV/AIDS to dispel myths. The other activity tasks students with designing an AIDS awareness ad covering transmission and prevention. The handout provides space for students to draft their news script.
Educational achievement is a significant indicator of children’s wellbeing and future life opportunities. It can predict growth potential and economic viability of a country. While this is an ideal situation for all children, the case may be different for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) due to the psychosocial challenges they go through on a daily basis. It is even worse for children attending public primary schools in Kenya. This paper aims to advance a debate on the relationship between psychosocial support and educational support provided for OVC through a critical engagement on the challenges experienced and the intervention measures to be taken in Kenyan public primary schools context. The study is based on the critical review of related literature materials. Findings suggest that, although the Kenyan government has put mechanisms in place to support OVC attain basic education, numerous challenges are found to be hindering some OVC from attaining quality education. Based on the findings, the paper recommends that there is need for various interventions to address psychosocial needs of orphans and children attending primary schools.
The Risk Lies in Not Knowing HIV AIDS Awareness and Acceptance towards PLWHAijtsrd
This document summarizes a study that assessed HIV/AIDS awareness and acceptance of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among senior high school students in Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines. The study found that respondents had a high level of HIV/AIDS awareness and acceptance of PLWHA. It also found statistically significant correlations between gender and levels of awareness/acceptance, as well as a strong correlation between overall awareness and acceptance levels. The study concluded higher awareness is linked to greater acceptance of PLWHA.
Most HIV infections occur in Africa, where over 40 million people are infected. HIV is usually spread through sexual intercourse or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. The risk of mother-to-child transmission can be reduced through antiretroviral treatment and avoiding breastfeeding if replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, sustainable, and safe. HIV infection is diagnosed through antibody tests or PCR testing. Early diagnosis allows for earlier treatment and monitoring of infected infants.
What is an Abuse?
What is Child maltreatment?
Scope of the problem:
Consequences of maltreatment:
A GLOBAL PROBLEM
TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE
COMPILING DATA
EXTREME CASES OF CHILD NEGLECT AND ABUSE
STARVED, ABANDONED, ALONE: GENIE, THE FERAL CHILD
ZHENYA BARSUKOV
GIRL IN THE WINDOW
Currently many of study has been conduct on HIV but very few study has targeted on Older adult with HIV. I have gone through many study to find problems of older adult with HIV.
The document discusses HIV/AIDS prevention in prisons. It notes that prisons conditions like overcrowding can increase HIV transmission. However, prisoners still have basic rights like access to medical treatment and education. The document recommends preventing transmission through voluntary counseling and testing, condom distribution, treating STIs, and promoting abstinence and faithfulness between partners. Prison staff should provide prevention education and voluntary testing while prisoners should protect themselves and others from infection.
Are children with disabilities more likely to experience abuse and neglect? I...mjbinstitute
Presentation by Dori Rivkin, Senior Research Scholar and Research Team Leader, Family Group, the Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute, Israel's leading center for applied social research.
Presented online to Haruv Virtual Summer Series, Wednesday, June 24, 2020.
The document provides an overview of child poverty around the world. It defines poverty, discusses the causes and types of poverty, and where it is occurring globally including in developing countries, the United States, and locally. The document also outlines some of the effects of poverty on children including lack of basic needs, health issues, and barriers to education. It concludes by suggesting ways to help address poverty such as fundraising or supporting charitable organizations.
The document provides an overview of child poverty around the world. It defines poverty as the lack of basic necessities like food, water, shelter, education and healthcare. The causes of poverty include natural disasters, diseases, economic factors and social issues. Poverty is happening in developing regions of Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East. In the US, over 35 million people live in poverty. Locally in Philadelphia and Montgomery County, poverty rates are over 20%. The document outlines some of the negative effects of poverty on children and discusses organizations working to help reduce poverty.
This document provides information about several common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes, and others. It describes the causative agents, transmission methods, symptoms, potential complications if left untreated, diagnostic testing and treatment options for each STI. The document contains diagrams and photographs to illustrate signs and symptoms. Overall, it serves as an educational reference on STIs aimed at informing readers about identification and management.
Teens need immunizations beyond childhood to stay protected from diseases. The CDC vaccination schedule continues through the teen years for vaccines like Tdap, meningococcal, HPV, and influenza. However, vaccination rates decline as children age due to factors like fewer doctor visits and the perception that immunizations are not needed. It is important for parents to keep teens on schedule by discussing their vaccination needs at annual checkups.
Immunization concerns revised 3-2-2011 - final [compatibility mode]Jina Dcruz
This document discusses separating fact from fiction regarding immunization concerns. It outlines the public health impact of vaccines and vaccine schedules. It addresses common concerns such as vaccine safety, effectiveness, and necessity. It provides reputable information to address concerns about specific vaccines including rotavirus, hepatitis B, influenza, and more. The goal is to help parents feel confident that vaccinating their child is the right decision.
This document summarizes information about immunization concerns and separating fact from fiction. It outlines reputable vaccine resources such as the CDC and Immunization Action Coalition websites. It addresses common vaccine concerns like safety, efficacy, and whether vaccines are necessary. It dispels myths such as those linking vaccines to autism. The document was written by Dr. Nancy Kelly from UT Southwestern Medical Center to provide evidence-based information on immunization topics.
This document summarizes a study analyzing pro-anorexia blogs written by Portuguese-speaking adolescents between 13-19 years old. The study examined 11 blogs over several months to understand the dynamics and popularity of these spaces. The blogs provided a safe space for adolescents to share physical insecurities, dreams of extreme thinness, and encouragement for dangerous behaviors. While data cannot be generalized, the blogs appeared to contribute to the spread of risky content online, encouragement of disordered eating, maintenance of eating disorders, isolation from offline relationships, and growth of these communities among youth. The article aims to raise awareness of this issue and need for further research on Portuguese children and male bloggers.
The document discusses a campaign by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) called "Wipe Out the Whoop" which aims to raise awareness about the need for adult and adolescent booster vaccination against whooping cough. Actor and mother Cheryl Hines is partnering with NFID on the campaign to encourage mothers to get vaccinated themselves and ensure family members who interact with infants also get vaccinated. Whooping cough cases have been rising in recent years, with about one-third of cases occurring in adults whose childhood immunity has worn off. The campaign hopes to educate mothers on the importance of vaccination to protect their families, especially vulnerable infants, against this serious disease.
The "Lose the Booze" intervention program aims to address binge drinking among University of Delaware students aged 18-25 through a 12-month program with five eight-week interventions focusing on knowledge of drinking risks, social pressures to drink, and alcohol accessibility. The program will use activities, videos, and online assessments to increase knowledge and provide strategies for dealing with drinking situations. It will consist of an online course and four seminars and needs $122,123 to operate.
Self-stigma: an unspoken world of unspoken things - Nadine Ferris FranceReShape
This document discusses self-stigma experienced by people living with HIV. It provides evidence from several stigma index studies that found people living with HIV stigmatized themselves more than the general public stigmatized people with HIV. The document discusses how self-stigma can restrict people's agency and contribute to feelings of shame, guilt, and low self-esteem. It examines formative research on the core beliefs underlying self-stigma for people living with HIV in Ireland. The document calls for recognizing and addressing self-stigma through advocacy, interventions that promote self-love and compassion, and paradigm shifts that enable change.
The document discusses potential engineering project ideas including modeling a two-cycle gas weed trimmer in ProEngineer, designing a wind turbine as part of renewable energy education, building an infrared and microcontroller-controlled Boe-Bot robot that allows for creativity, and using ProEngineer to draw and modify everyday objects. It also mentions potential biomedical engineering projects.
St. Vincent de Paul operates 2 free meal sites. They Advisory Board had requested a dedicated Marketing Plan as a first step in engaging the surrounding communities. This was in anticipation of a relocation.
This presentation was for the President of the Board of Directors to use in a presentation to the support staff, volunteers and steering committee members. A relocation was anticipated. This was presented in conjunction with the Meal Site Marketing plan (also available).
The document presents a collection of extraordinary photos that appear to show faces, animals, and other shapes within natural formations, clouds, and structures. Many of the images are difficult to explain and have led some to speculate about prehistoric civilizations, aliens, or supernatural phenomena. The photos show apparent faces in icebergs, clouds, ruins, and disasters.
This document provides information about HIV/AIDS and its impact on children. It defines HIV and AIDS, how the virus is transmitted, and which populations are most vulnerable. Children can become infected through mother-child transmission or sexual activity. Sub-Saharan Africa has a high rate of new infections among youth. Efforts are being made to educate people and provide treatment, but medicines remain expensive in poor countries.
"The global HIV/AIDS epidemic is an unprecedented crisis that requires an unprecedented response. In particular it requires solidarity -- between the healthy and the sick, between rich and poor, and above all, between richer and poorer nations. We have 30 million orphans already. How many more do we have to get, to wake up?"
-- Kofi Annan
HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system and eventually causes AIDS if not treated. It is most commonly transmitted through unprotected sex and sharing needles. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS, especially among young people ages 15-24. Children are especially vulnerable as they can contract HIV from their mother during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Educating youth about HIV/AIDS and how to prevent transmission is critical to containing the epidemic.
Aids knowing no boundaries in 3 rd world countriestuikings
The document discusses the global impact of HIV/AIDS, particularly in Africa and other developing regions. It provides statistics on HIV prevalence, transmission methods, symptoms, and impact. Key points include:
- HIV/AIDS has had a devastating impact in sub-Saharan Africa and is a potential disaster in Papua New Guinea. Prevalence rates in Africa soared from 1988 to 2003.
- The virus is primarily spread through sexual contact, mother-to-child transmission, and shared needles. Common symptoms include headaches, night sweats, and diarrhea.
- HIV/AIDS weakens populations and economies by primarily affecting young, working-age adults. It exacerbates issues like poverty, crime and lack of
This essay discusses the AIDS epidemic and factors that led to its spread in China, specifically in Henan province. It analyzes the epidemic from scientific, economic, and social perspectives. Scientifically, HIV attacks and destroys immune cells. Economically, over 100,000 farmers were infected after unhygienic blood collection, and nearly 10,000 died. Socially, the Chinese government initially hid the problem and did little to address it, underestimating the number of people living with AIDS. Suggestions are made to better resolve the issue.
HIV/AIDS has been a global epidemic for over 30 years. It attacks and weakens the immune system, making people vulnerable to other infections and diseases. If left untreated, HIV can develop into AIDS. There are currently millions of people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Effective treatment can suppress the virus and prevent progression to AIDS, but there is no cure. The document discusses various aspects of HIV/AIDS, including how it is transmitted, symptoms, treatment options, and the importance of prevention efforts to curb the epidemic.
The document discusses the level of awareness and practices regarding HIV/AIDS prevention among male adolescents and young adults in Cavite, Philippines. It notes that adolescents have limited access to facts about HIV and many believe they are immune. While risky behaviors are increasing, few high-risk youth have been tested for HIV. More initiatives are needed to educate young people and address the growing threat of HIV infection in this vulnerable population.
HIV attacks and destroys cells of the immune system, specifically T-cells. It progresses to AIDS which leaves the immune system unable to fight infections and diseases. HIV is most commonly spread through unprotected sexual contact and sharing needles. People with HIV/AIDS often face discrimination in areas like education, employment, and healthcare access. Currently there is no vaccine or cure for HIV/AIDS, though treatments can control the virus.
The document discusses HIV and AIDS, providing information on:
1. What HIV and AIDS are and how they are transmitted between people.
2. The global and local impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, including statistics on infection rates and numbers of deaths.
3. The effects of HIV/AIDS on communities, including impacts on healthcare systems, education, orphaned children and food security.
4. Strategies for preventing the spread of HIV, caring for infected individuals, and supporting children and families affected by the disease.
HIV/AIDS is a disease that weakens the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and cancers. It is transmitted through contact with certain bodily fluids and has killed over 25 million people worldwide since 1981. While treatments can slow the progression of the virus, there is currently no known cure. The social stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS can be as destructive as the disease itself.
HIV/AIDS is a disease that weakens the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors. It is transmitted through contact with certain bodily fluids and has become a global pandemic over recent decades. While treatments can slow the progression of the virus, there is currently no known cure. The disease disproportionately impacts marginalized groups and its stigma can be as destructive as the physical effects.
HIV/AIDS is a disease that weakens the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to other infections and diseases. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be deadly if left untreated, having killed over 25 million people worldwide. While treatments exist to help manage the virus, there is currently no known cure. HIV/AIDS disproportionately impacts marginalized groups and its stigma and discrimination can be as harmful as the disease itself.
The document discusses the nature and status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in India. It notes that there are an estimated 3.8-4.6 million people living with HIV/AIDS in India, with heterosexual sex being the main mode of transmission. Certain populations such as female sex workers and men who have sex with men have particularly high infection rates. The epidemic is growing and spreading from urban to rural areas.
The document discusses the nature and status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in India. It notes that there are an estimated 3.8-4.6 million people living with HIV/AIDS in India, with heterosexual sex being the main mode of transmission. Certain populations such as female sex workers and men who have sex with men have particularly high infection rates. The epidemic is spreading from urban to rural areas through migrant workers.
Proposal Sample for research Armatures/beginnersSamuel Trinity
This document provides an introduction and literature review on HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness among adolescents. It discusses how HIV attacks the immune system, leading to AIDS. Rates of HIV are increasing among youth due to risk behaviors like unprotected sex and needle sharing. Adolescents often lack sexual education and engagement in risky acts. The study aims to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among high school students in Baguio City, Philippines to inform policy. A survey will be administered to students to understand their awareness and identify information gaps. The Health Belief Model will guide the research. The literature review covers topics like adolescent development, sexual and reproductive health challenges faced by youth, and parent-child relationships.
This document discusses HIV/AIDS, how it is transmitted, symptoms, and statistics. It explains that HIV attacks immune cells, leading to AIDS if untreated. HIV can be transmitted via unprotected sex, needle sharing, or from mother to child during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding. Early symptoms may include flu-like illness, but many have no symptoms for years. Later, AIDS develops as the immune system weakens. The document provides data on HIV/AIDS cases in West Virginia and risk behaviors in the state's population. It emphasizes preventing transmission, especially among youth.
1. Children
Infected
&
Affected
by
HIV/AIDS
Youth Advocate Program International
4545 42nd Street, NW, Suite 209
Washington, DC 20016, USA
2. Children Infected &
Affected by HIV/AIDS
Teacher Resource
What does your class know?.....p.3
Basic Facts......p.4
Background Information.....p.5
Discussion Questions......p.6
Classroom Activities......p.7
Beyond the Classroom....p.8
Youth Advocate Program International
4545 42nd Street, NW
Suite 209
Washington, DC
20016, USA
contents
202.244.1986
202.244.6396 (fax) &
www.yapi.org
yapi@yapi.org contact
3. Children Infected &
Affected by HIV/AIDS
Does Your Class Know...?
Who is vulnerable?
Can a child be born HIV positive?
What is HIV?
What is AIDS?
In what part of the world is
HIV/AIDS most prevalent?
How is the disease transmitted?
Key Definitions
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Disease is a retrovirus that attacks the cells of the immune system. The
cells are progressively destroyed or impaired so they can not function properly. This causes the immune
system to deplete over time, hence the ‘immunodeficiency’ in the disease’s name. HIV is the virus that
eventually causes AIDS.
AIDS: An Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome diagnosis is made when the group of symptoms that
collectively indicate the disease are identified in an HIV positive person. These symptoms include the
development of certain infections and/or cancers, in addition to the decrease in the number of certain
immune system cells in a person’s bloodstream. This diagnosis is made by a doctor using specific clinical
standards.
CRC: The Convention on the Rights of the Child is an international treaty that recognizes the human
rights of children, defined as persons up to the age of 18 years. It obligates states to ensure the rights to
survival, development, protection and participation of all children without discrimination.
CSEC: Commercial Sexual Exploitatoin of Children. According to the World Conference against CSEC,
“It comprises sexual abuse by the adult and remuneration in cash or kind to the child or a third person or
persons. The child is treated as a sexual object and as a commercial object.”
what does your
class know?
3
4. Children Infected &
Affected by HIV/AIDS
Every minute five people around the world between the ages of 10 and
24 are infected with HIV.1
There are 2.5 million children under the age of 15 living with the disease
worldwide.2
Of the 3 million people who died of AIDS in 2003, 500,000 were
In Sub-Saharan Africa, the majority of new infections occurs
among young people between the ages of 15 and 24.4
The total number of children orphaned by AIDS - 13.2 million as of
2001 - is expected to more than double by 2010.5
Half of all new infections occur among young people aged 15-24. 6
1
UNAIDS. <www.unaids.org> (April 29, 2004).
2
UNAIDS, “AIDS Epidemic Update: December 2003,” p. 3.
Ibid.
basic
3
4
UNICEF, “Young People and the HIV/AIDS: Opportunity in Crisis,”
p. 6 [publication on-line], <www.unicef.org/publications/pub_
facts
youngpeople_hivaids_en.pdf>(February 17, 2004).
5
UN Special Session on HIV/AIDS.”Fact Sheet.” 2001
6
UNICEF Statistics on HIV/AIDS http://www.childinfo.org/eddb/hiv_aids/
young.htm.
4
5. Children Infected &
Affected by HIV/AIDS
Definition
The Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) is transmitted Who has HIV/AIDS
through an exchange of bodily fluids This occurs through
exposure to infected blood, during sexual activity with an
infected individual, or by sharing contaminated needles. It
can also pass from an infected mother to her child. An HIV
positive person receives an Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis when he or she develops an
AIDS-indicator illness (which is defined by the Center
for Disease Control) or on the basis of certain blood tests.
AIDS is a global epidemic that is the cause of millions of
UNAIDS/WHO
deaths.
Why do children have HIV?
The face of AIDS is increasingly young and female. Most
children under 15 become infected through their infected
mothers, mother to child transmission. This occurs during
Where are the children affected by HIV?
Children affected by HIV/AIDS live everywhere. The
the pregnancy, during birth, or during breastfeeding post
majority are concentrated in Africa. UNICEF statistics
birth. Also, sexual activity, which remains the main route
show approximately 2,600,000 children live with HIV/
of disease transmission worldwide, begins in adolescense
AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa alone. In addition, an estimated
for a majority of people worldwide. These young people are
35,100 children live in the Middle East and North Africa;
at risk of becoming infected, largely because they remain
222,285 infected children live in South and East Asia and
uninformed about HIV and its prevention.
the Pacific; 15,050 in Central and Eastern Europe; 60,000 in
Latin America and Caribbean; and, 15,450 infected children
Which children are most affected? live in the most industrialized countries.
HIV/AIDS can affect anyone. A general lack of knowledge
and experience increases the risk of HIV/AIDS. Poverty,
the lack of education, the lack of medical resources, and How are children affected?
the thriving commercial sexual exploitation of children Children suffering from HIV/AIDS have weaker immune
industry are also factors that contribute to the proliferation systems, making them more susceptible to other illnesses
of HIV/AIDS among children and youth around the world. such as pneumonia, tuberculosis and hepatitis. In addition,
In addition, recent studies show that adolescent girls they face stigmatization and rejection from their families
and young women are at disproportionately high risk and communities. Misguided perceptions about the disease
of contracting HIV/AIDS. According to UNICEF girls increase the alienation and discrimination suffered. For
are physiologically more vulnerable to infection, and in example, many people believe HIV is spread by physical
addition, gender-based inequities and violence compound contact and refuse to hug or shake hands with infected
their risks, “girls and women are more likely to be poor and people. The stigmatization and discrimination foster
powerless, have less education, less access to land, credit or ignorance and create a barrier to testing, treatment and
cash, and to social services.” Forced or coerced sex makes prevention. This creates an awful cycle of infection and
background
a girl even more susceptable. All these factors make it more discrimination where children and youth are often the
likely that girls will become a victim of CSEC which in turn
further compounds their likelihood of becoming infected.
Other children at higher risk for infection include those
information
who live on the streets and children who inject drugs.
5
6. Children Infected &
Affected by HIV/AIDS
victims.
AIDS Orphans
Children whose parents have died from HIV/AIDS suffer There are at least 13.2 million children currently
the trauma of witnessing sickness and death in addition under 15 years of age who have lost their mother
to the challenges of living without parental support and or both parents to AIDS (UNAIDS). This
guidance. Often these children are stigmatized, may suffer number is predicted to double by 2010, even as
delayed emotional development, and have less educational prevention methods succeed, because parents
opportunities. AIDS orphans are likely to be poorer and less currently infected by the disease will continue
healthy than their peers. Almost 14 million children worldwide to die. These children witness the death of their
are orphaned due to HIV/AIDS. Of these, 11 million AIDS parent(s) - a traumatic event magnified by the
orphans live in Sub-Saharan Africa. negative stigma attached to HIV/AIDS. Often
orphans living in foster homes or with relatives
What is being done to address this face discrimination from their caretakers.
Significant efforts have been made to prevent the spread Orphans may receive limited or no health care,
of HIV. UNICEF, UNAIDS, NGOs, and governments have and lack access to education and social services.
collaborated to educate the public about the disease and Some orphans receive no outside assistance and
provide individuals with the locations of clinics offering become the head of household, caring for their
free HIV testing. In addition, there are continued efforts younger siblings. They have to find food and
by researchers to find better treatments to help those frequently must work to support their family.
infected by AIDS, and ultimately a cure. Recently, scientists
developed medicines that help children with AIDS live These children are more vulnerable to abuse and
longer, healthier, and more productive lives. Unfortunately,
exploitation. They may lose their family’s land
medications are often too expensive for many poor countries
to afford. Furthermore, intellectual property rights make it
and belongings because they are too young for
difficult to make generic versions of the medication. community leaders to listen to their protests.
Furthermore, AIDS orphans may be uneducated
However, children affected by AIDS and AIDS orphans about their rights. They are also more likely to
are benefiting more from an increase in funding provided. become infected themselves.
Many schools have been established which cater to AIDS
orphans. Some governments, such as Namibia, have How you can help
adopted legislation to guarantee education benefits to There are many ways you can help. Share information
AIDS orphans with people around you about children affected by, and
infected with, HIV/AIDS. This will increase awareness
According to UNICEF, it is becoming clear how crucial and help break the silence, stigma, and shame associated
a role young people play in the fight against AIDS, “from with HIV/AIDS. Volunteer with organizations providing
Sub-Saharan Africa to South East Asia and the Americas, services for patients and families affected by HIV/AIDS.
prevalence rates are falling among young people Also, you can contribute to or help with fundraising efforts
who have been equipped and motivated to make safe of organizations supporting AIDS research and individuals
background
behavioural decisions that block the spread of HIV.” This diagnosed with HIV/AIDS.
is why it is essential that young people and children have
all the information, resources, and expertise they need in
order to make safe and healthy decisions for their lives.
6 information
7. Children Infected &
Affected by HIV/AIDS
Discussion Questions
3 x 5 Plan - One Way to Fight AIDS
How can HIV/AIDS be transmitted? The 3 by 5 Plan was created by the World Health
Organization (WHO) to provide medication
to at least 3 million people with AIDS in 50
How do children contract HIV? countries by the end of 2005. In 2003 when
the plan was initiated, only 400,000 patients
receive treatment from WHO. However, more
Who is most vulnerable? than 6 million infected people in developing
countries need immediate treatment. The
antiretroviral therapy the plan promotes has
If someone in your family was diagnosed extensive benefits including: prolonging life,
with HIV how would you react? What preventing transmission of the disease, and
would you say? improving quality of life for those who have it.
The 3 by 5 plan attempts to move the world
closer to the ultimate goal of treatment for all
How can you prevent yourself from who need it.
contracting HIV/AIDS?
There are five guiding “pillars” for the program:
global leadership, strong partnership and
How do you think people would react if you advocacy; urgent, sustained country support;
had HIV? simplified, standardized tools for delivering
antiretroviral therapy; effective, reliable supply
of medicines and diagnostics, and rapidly
What are the stigmas attached to HIV/AIDS? identifying and applying knowledge.
The 3 x 5 initiative aims to develop country
How did these stigmas become created? support; create partnerships; generate
community involvement; educate about
treatment guidelines and preventing the spread
Are these stigmas accurate? Why? of HIV/AIDS; monitor, evaluate and survey
the disease and its treatment; and continue
research and development of treatments.
How can people remove inaccurate stigmas? SOURCE: WHO. <www.who.int> (April 29, 2004).
What could organizations and governments
do to help AIDS orphans? discussion
7
questions
8. Children Infected &
Affected by HIV/AIDS
Topic Introduction In-Class Activities
Make nametags with “AIDS victim” written Act out a drama
across them.
Have students write out a drama and present it. Set
Every five minutes, give a student a nametag to wear. requirements that they incorporate HIV and the
This symbolizes how many youth ages 10 to 24 across stigmas attached to the disease in their production.
the world become infected with AIDS.
Free Write
Another method is to set a timer to ring every five
minutes for the same purpose. Allow students to gauge their reactions to what they
have learned. What are some of the challenges that
face people working to help others with AIDS? What
are some of the solutions that can be realized?
Group Work
Governments Working for a Solution:
A CASE STUDY OF BRAZIL Divide the students into groups and either assign
The spread of AIDS in Brazil during the early or have them choose a side of the debate about
1990s led to an exploding infection rate. People intellectual property. Groups may represent the
from all economic backgrounds needed access pharmaceutical companies, researchers, governments
to antiretroviral drugs. In 1996, the government of poor countries, UN Agencies, etc.
responded with the guarantee that all citizens
could have free access to HIV treatment; today Encourage students to research their topic area and
more than 135,000 people are using their access to then simulate a mock meeting for the World Trade
Organization or the United Nations.
free medication.
Class Discussion
Since its treatment program began, Brazil estimates
it has reduced AIDS mortality rates by as much as Have the students imagine that their parents have
50 percent. Brazil finances the enormous cost of the died. They have brothers and sisters they must
medication by negotiating lower prices directly with support and they have to buy food and pay the
drug companies and by creating generic versions of rent/mortgage. “What do you do? How do you find
the expensive namebrand medication. Through its the money?”
comprehensive National AIDS Program, Brazil has
proved to the world that a developing country can Talk about the merits of the 3 x 5 plan and the
address the issue of HIV/AIDS and achieve positive obstacles to accomplishing it.
classroom
results.
activities
8
9. Children Infected &
Affected by HIV/AIDS
Homework Assignments
Write a letter to your representative asking for his Just in Case...
or her support for AIDS orphans. Student Experience
- If you know the student has personal
Research about an AIDS orphan’s life or an experience with this, let him/her know of the
organization that works with AIDS orphans.
class in advance.
Write a short story about how you think a person’s
life changes when they are diagnosed with HIV. - If the student volunteers this information, ask
the student if he/she would to talk about the
Write a brief paper about the benefits of getting experience.
tested for HIV.
Student Openly Emotional
Crying
Papers - Don’t draw attention to the student.
- Follow up with the student.
Pick a country and research how AIDS has affected
the population growth rate, economic development Angry
and children living in the country. - Ask the student questions to try and channel
the emotion positively.
Projects
Skeptical
Write letters to your congressional representatives - Find out what questions the student has.
asking for their position on children infected with - Encourage the student to complete additional
HIV/AIDS. Find out what they have done to help research about the topic and report to the
AIDS orphans. class.
Contact organizations that work with AIDS orphans
Hopeless/Guilty
and learn what they need and how they need help.
- Offer ways for the student to get more
involved.
For More Information UNICEF Center for Disease Control
www.unicef.org/aids www.cdc.gov
Youth Advocate Program International UNAIDS AIDS.org
www.yapi.org www.unaids.org www.aids.org
University of California, San Francisco
beyond
hivinsite.ucsf.edu
AIDS Alliance for Children, Youth & Families
www.aids-alliance.org
Population Services International
www.youthaids.org
9 the classroom
10. Children Infected &
Affected by HIV/AIDS
Yetarik’s Story
Yetarik was only eight years old when she
lost her father. He died of pneumonia, which
became deadly due to his contraction of
HIV. A year later her mother succumbed to
the AIDS virus, leaving Yetarik, the eldest, to
support her family.
In the Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya
Yetarik’s family is common. Now left to
raise her three siblings, Yetarik felt lost.
She had a two year old sister, three year
old brother, and a six year old sister. With
nowhere else to turn, Yetarik turned to her
grandmother.
When Yetarik and her siblings went to their grandmother’s house, they joined their
eight cousins already living with their grandmother. Yetarik’s aunts all passed away two
years before and Yetarik’s cousins were also orphaned. The family structure is common
in the Kibera slums as many extended families have had to compensate for relatives
killed by the virus. Yetarik’s grandmother was left to raise her twelve grandchildren.
Since the deaths in her family, Yetarik has taken the education of the public about
HIV and AIDS very seriously. She is a UNICEF trained HIV/AIDS peer educator. Now
she helps by visiting schools and talking to other youths about how they can prevent
contraction. She hopes through her work she will help stem the current explosion in
deaths by AIDS and HIV.
--this story is based on actual events INFOCUS
ON HIV/AIDS
10
11. Children Infected &
Affected by HIV/AIDS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Center for Disease Control (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts.htm
UNICEF: HIV/AIDS http://www.unicef.org/aids/index_bigpicture.html
UNICEF Statistics: HIV/AIDS http://www.childinfo.org/eddb/hiv_aids/orphan.htm
WHO http://www.who.int/3by5/about/initiative/en/index.html