HIV originated from a virus found in chimpanzees. It likely entered the US in the 1970s and was originally known as GRID since it seemed to affect gay men. In the early 1980s it became apparent that HIV could infect heterosexuals as well, and it was renamed to AIDS. In 1984, scientists identified HIV as the cause of AIDS. The first drug to treat AIDS, AZT, was approved in 1987. HIV attacks and weakens the immune system, ultimately leading to AIDS if not treated. It is most often transmitted through unprotected sex or sharing needles.

1. AIDS
Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome

2. HIV came from a similar virus found in chimpanzees - SIV.
HIV probably entered the United States around 1970
CDC in 1981 noticed unusual clusters of Kaposi’s sarcoma
in gay men in NY and San Francisco, which led to the
disease to be called GRID (Gay Related Immune
Deficiency).
By 1982 the disease was apparent in heterosexuals and
was renamed AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency).
1984- Scientists(Dr. Luc Montagnier, Dr. Robert Gallo)
identify HIV (initially called LAV or HTLV-III) as the cause of
AIDS
1987- AZT is the first drug approved for treating AIDS
http://www.avert.org/aids-timeline.htm

3. • Types : HIV1 & HIV2
• HIV1: HIV-1A & HIV-1B
• HIV-1A & HIV-2 are spread heterosexually, but HIV-1A
is more virulent than HIV-2
• HIV-1B dominates in Europe & the United States
• SIV: Simian Immunodeficiency virus from monkeys
• SIV-CPZ (Chimpanzee/ Pan troglodytes) is similar to
HIV-1

4. Why do Most children under 15 who have
Children have HIV/AIDS are infected through
HIV/Aids their infected mothers – that is,
through mother child
transmission...this occurs during
pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding
after birth.
Sexual activity (the main route of
disease transmission) starts in
adolescence for most people
worldwide.
Young people who are uninformed
about HIV/AIDS transmission risk
becoming infected.
Poverty, lack of education, lack of
medical resources, and the
commercial sexual exploitation of
children also help spread HIV/AIDS
among children worldwide.

5. Who are at
risks of Adolescent
contracting girls and are at a disproportionately high risk of
HIV & AIDS young contracting HIV/AIDS.
women
Girls are physiologically more
vulnerable to infection.
Gender-based inequities mean
“girls and women are more likely
to be poor and powerless,” hence
are more vulnerable to sexual
exploitation and HIV/AIDS
infection.
Violence against girls in the form
of forced or coerced sex, or CSEC
also increase their chances of
becoming infected.

7. "Education, awareness and prevention are the key, but
stigmatization and exclusion from family is what makes
people suffer most"
-- Ralph Fiennes
"No one can lead our lives for us. We are responsible for our
actions. So people—especially the younger generation---need
to be very careful especially where safe sex is concerned."
-- Salman Ahmad
“We need to band together as a unit every day, especially to
conquer the strength of the AIDS virus."
-- Dustin Hoffman

8. NGOs and governments are
working together to educate the
public about HIV/AIDS and to
direct individuals to clinics that
offer free HIV testing.
Researchers continue their efforts
to find better treatments to help
those with AIDS – and ultimately,
a cure
Some governments have increased
funding and adopted legislation
that help children with AIDS.

9. Anyone of any age, race, sex or sexual orientation can be
infected with HIV, but you're at greatest risk of HIV/AIDS
if you:
Have unprotected sex with multiple partners. You're at risk
whether you're heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual.
Unprotected sex means having sex without using a new
latex or polyurethane condom every time.
Have unprotected sex with someone who is HIV-positive.
Have another sexually transmitted disease, such as
syphilis, herpes, Chlamydia, gonorrhea or bacterial
vaginosis.
Share needles during intravenous drug use.
Received a blood transfusion or blood products before

10. There's no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for
AIDS. Prevention includes educating yourself about HIV and avoiding
any behavior that allows HIV-infected fluids — blood, semen, vaginal
secretions and breast milk — into your body.
HIV-negative Individual prevention:
Educate yourself and others.
Know the HIV status of any sexual partner.
Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you have sex.
Consider male circumcision.
Use a clean needle.
Be cautious about blood products in certain countries.
Get regular screening tests.
Don't become complacent.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hiv-aids/DS00005/DSECTION=prevention

11. HIV positive individual prevention:
Follow safe-sex practices.
Tell your sexual partners you have HIV.
If your partner is pregnant, tell her you have HIV.
Tell others who need to know.
Don't share needles or syringes.
Don't donate blood or organs.
Don't share razor blades or toothbrushes.
If you're pregnant, get medical care right away.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hiv-aids/DS00005/DSECTION=prevention

12. ...continues.

13. There is no known cure.

14. AIDS is a huge emotional
issue,...

15. "Helping kids understand about
AIDS is the most important thing
I do. Some kids like to pretend
that it's not happening in the
world. By letting them know
what's really going on, I might
save someone's life.“
Hydeia L. Broadbent
AIDS patient and activist.

16. educate
HIV: the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a retrovirus that attacks
the cells of the immune system. HIV is transmitted through an
exchange of bodily fluids.
(e.g. exposure to infected blood, during sexual activity with an
infected individual, by sharing needles).
It can also pass from an infected mother to her child.
HIV is the virus that eventually causes AIDS.

17. Advocate for HIV/AIDS
awareness!
Educate
Begin a social
yourself about
awareness/human
HIV/AIDS.
rights club.
Contact local, state, and national
politicians for support for
HIV/AIDS.
Write letters asking for their
opinion on HIV/AIDS.
Talk to your parents
about HIV/AIDS. Be Safe! This could be
Educate the adults in your Child.
your life!
Abhishek Shah

18. Sex of adults and adolescents with HIV/AIDS
diagnosed during 2006 Transmission categories of adults and
adolescents with HIV/AIDS diagnosed during
2006
Victor. T, and al(2005)

19. Ultimately, AIDS kills.
THANK YOU

20. REFERANCES
• Copyright Indezine.com
• http://www.indezine.com
• More presentations at:
• http://www.indezine.com/bank/
• abhishekshan@rediffmail.com
• National Institutes of Health. (2008). AIDS. Retrieved October 14, 2008,
from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/aids.html
• Chan-Tack, K. M. (2007). Early symptomatic HIV infection. Retrieved
October 14, 2008 , from http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic86.htm
Mayo Clinic. (2008). HIV/AIDS. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from
C:Documents and SettingsMSUDesktopDSECTION=symptoms.htm
• Vistacion, T. , Reyes, R. , Salvacion, N. (2005). Principles of microbiology
[Power point slides].Retrieved from
http://www.raritanval.edu/servicelearning/HS/student_work/HIV_Visitacion_Salvacion_%2