The document compares serialization formats JSON, Avro, and Protobuf by measuring size, latency, and throughput. It finds that JSON has around 50% larger size but 34% lower latency than Avro, while Protobuf has slightly higher size than Avro but 17% higher latency. It recommends JSON for latency-critical lightweight data, Avro for data-heavy real-time applications, and Protobuf for applications heavily relying on Google services needing perfect documentation.