Each plant has a boiler that generates steam to power a turbine and electric generator. The document then summarizes modifications made to three different power plants to reduce NOx emissions and improve combustion: NISCO 1 & 2 in Louisiana which uses a circulating fluidized bed boiler to control sulfur emissions from petroleum coke; Seocheon 1 & 2 in South Korea which modified boilers to reduce NOx with low-volatile anthracite coal; and Compostilla II units 4 & 5 in Spain which modified burners and mills to reduce NOx from anthracite coal.

1. Each of these plants’ unit numbered has one boiler (steam generator), supplying steam to
one turbine that moves one electric generator – a type of motor operating “in reverse”:
the rotation of the turbine generates electricity.
NISCO 1 & 2, Louisiana, USA (110,000 KW generating capacity each)
Firing crushed Petroleum Coke with high sulfur content, in a new boilers with a
Circulating Fluid Bed (CFB) derived from crushed (instead of pulverized) limestone, to

2. simultaneously control sulfur emissions. (Normally, NOx is very low in the low-
temperature CFB, which air is admitted in stages.)
Seocheon 1 & 2, South Korea (200,000 KW generating capacity each, boilers inside the
tallest buildings seen)
Boiler modifications to reduce NOx and improve combustion:

3.  2 x 200 MWe
 NOx with <5% VM Anthracite, lb/MM BTU (mg/N m3) :
RESULTS:
 NOx with pulverized Anthracite Coal having less than 5% volatiles (alike to the
lighter fuel of a barbecue charcoal), approximate lb/MM BTU (mg/N m3
) :
 Initial: 0.85 (1000)
 Guaranteed: 0.43 (510)
 Performance: Test 0.32 (380)
 Min. Actual: 0.13 (150)
 For reference, European Union upcoming retroactive limit: 0.17 (200)
Guarantees made and met:
 NOx
 Unburned coal
 Carbon monoxide (about the Pre-retrofit Test’s)
 Water Spray Flows controlling the steam temperature (about the Pre-retrofit
Test’s)

4. Compostilla II units 4 & 5, Spain (450,000 KW generating capacity each, to the left of
stacks seen at the center):
Modified the boilers’ burners for NOx reduction, and the fuel pulverizing mills for
approximately the same unburned coal from 6% volatiles pulverized Anthracite Coal.