Thank you for the detailed report on your industrial training at Kota Super Thermal Power Station. I have learned a lot about how a steam power plant works. Please let me know if you have any other questions.

1. Career Point University
Industrial Training
From June 1st ,2016 to July 15th ,2016
From
Kota Super Thermal Power Station
Kota, Rajasthan
Submitted By
Sourabh Chourasiya
K10601
Electrical Engineering
Submitted to
Mr. Prateek Agarwal
Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering

2. Table of Content
1. Importance of Electrical Energy
2. Generation of Electrical Energy
3. Source of Energy
4. Introduction Steam Power Plant
5. Efficiency of Steam Power Plant
6. Merits and Demerits of Steam Power Plant
7. Working of Steam Power Plant
KSTPS
Water Handling
Plant
Coal Handling
Plant
Ash Handling
Plant
Prime Mover
Steam
Generating
Equipment's
Electrical
Equipment's

3. Basic Process
The coal is brought and crushed to powder. This is feed to
Boiler for producing heat
In Boiler the water is converted to steam.
In Super heater the moisture content is removed from the
steam and that steam is called super heated steam
The superheated steam rotates the shaft of the High
pressure turbine
The Exhausted steam is sent to preheater and the steam
then rotates the Intermediate pressure(IP) Turbine
The steam from the IP turbine is then feed to low pressure
turbine.
The turbine shaft is connected to the Generator, which
produces Electric Power.
The power generated is then Transmitted.

4. Reheated Regenerative Rankine cycle

5. General Layout

6. Water Handling Plant
(WHP)

7. Table of ContentRaw Water
From
Chambal
To ChambalSeal Pit
Condenser
(UNIT 1-5)
C.W.P.H.
(UNIT 1-5)
Pre-Treatment
Plant
Clarified
Water
Filter Water
Soft Water
C.W.P.H.
(UNIT 6-7)
Condenser
(UNIT 6-7)
Cooling
Tower (UNIT
6-7)
DM Plant
Drinking
Water
DM Water
WHP Overview

8. Table of Content
RAW Water
Clari-
flocculator
Flash Mixer
Chemical
Dosing (𝐶𝑙2&
PAC)
Valves
Filter Water Filter Bags
Clarified
Water Tank
Clarified
Water
C.W.P.H.
(UNIT 6-7)
DM Plant
Drinking
Water
Pre-Treatment Plant (for Insoluble impurities)

9. ACTIVATED
CHARCOAL
FILTER
To remove
odor, colour,
and excess
chlorine from
water.
STORAGE
ACID
CATEIN
UNIT
To remove
Calcium ,
Magnesium
etc.
DEGASSER
TOWER
To remove
𝐶𝑂2
WEAK
BASE
ANION
UNIT
To remove
Chloride etc.
STORAGE
BASE
ANION
UNIT
To remove
silica
UNIT 1-7
DM
STORAGE
TANK
MIXED
BED
ANION
STORAGE
TANK
Softner
DM Plant (For soluble impurities)
Generator
Cooling
PTP

10. Coal Handling Plant
(CHP)

11. Wagon
Tippler
Wagon
Tippler
Reclaimer
Emergency
reclaim
hopper (ERH)
Hopper
Hopper
Stacker cum
Reclaimer
By Doser
Secondary
Crusher
Secondary
Crusher
Bunker
Stacker
Bunker
Bunker
Process -1
Process -2
Process -3
Process -4

12. Overview of coal Handling Plant
Raw Coal form
Bharat Coal Ltd.
Dhanbad &
Bilaspur(MP)
To KSTPS from
gurla via a single
railway track
Wagon Tripler Hoppers
Crusher HouseBunkers
Coal Mills
(Pulverization)
Raw Coal Feeders
Boiler Furnace
Tangential Firing of Pulverized Coal

13. Protection System in CHP
Interlocking is used for safety purpose. If any belt
fails other belts stop working which are
interconnected.
Magnetic Separator is used to remove metal
particle from coal conveyed through conveyed belt
for improving boiler efficiency

14. Primary AIR Fan (PA Fan)
Primary air fans (PA) are high pressure fans used to supply the air for the transportation
of coal directly to the furnace .

15. Ash Handling Plant

16. The Ash from the boiler is collected in two forms:
1.Bottom Ash(Slurry):It’s a waste which is dumped into a Ash Pond
2.Fly ash: Fly ash is separated from Flue Gases in ESP(Electro static
Precipitator).
Fly Ash &
Flue
Gases
Economizer ESP
Bottom
ash(wet ash)
Ash Pond
Boiler
Cylo
Cement
Factory
Chimney
Fly ash
Flue Gases
Flue Gases

17. Prime Mover

18. In a Thermal Power Plant generally 3 turbines are used to increase the efficiency.
High Pressure Turbine(HPT): The superheated steam is directly fed to this turbine
to rotate it.
Intermediate Pressure Turbine(IPT): The out put from the HPT is reheated in a
reheater(RH) and used to rotate IPT .
Low Pressure Turbine(LPT): The Exhausted steam from the IPT is directly fed to
rotate the shaft of LPT.
Condenser
HPT IPT LPT
RH
Steam
Super
Heater
Generator
Steam
Shaft
Turbine

19. Steam Generating
Equipment's

20. Condenser LPH-3LPH-2LPH-1CEP
Deaerator
Boiler Feed
Pump
HPH-5HPH-6EconomiserBoiler DrumSuper Heater
Low Pressure
Turbine
Intermediate
Pressure
Turbine
Reheater
High Pressure
Turbine

21. Boiler
Boiler is a place the water is being converted into steam with burning of coal. A Boiler
(or Steam Generator) is a closed vessel in which water, under pressure is converted into
steam.
Deaerator
A deaerator is a device that is widely used for the removal of air and other dissolved
gases from the feed water to steam-generating boiler.
Economizer
Economizer is a mechanical device , it is used to heat up the water by flue gases

22. Continued…
Superheater
A super heater is a device used to convert saturated steam into dry steam. Super
Heater is used to remove the moisture content from the steam.
Reheater
It is used to increase the temperature of steam, which come from High Pressure
Turbine.
Air-Preheater
The function of the air pre-heater is to increase the temperature of air before it enters
the furnace.

23. Draught System
Forced Draft Fan (FD Fan)
This fan forces the atmospheric air through the boiler furnace and pushes out the hot
gases from the furnace through superheater, Reheater, economizer and air heater to
stacks.
Induced Draft Fan (ID fan)
This fan sucks hot gases from the furnace through the superheaters, economizer,
Reheater and discharges gas into the chimney.

24. Electrical Equipments

25. The Synchronous Generator is used to Generate power by connecting the shaft of the
Turbine to the shaft of the generator which cuts the magnetic flux producing Emf.
The Generated Voltage will generally 11KV to 20 KV max.
The Generated Voltage is stepped up by connecting Step up transformer and is
transmitted and is also used for Auxiliary purposes.
Bus Duct
Generator
Transformer
20KV to 400KV
SYNCHRONOUS
GENERATOR
UAT
20Kv to 6.KV
Generator

26. Transformer
Transformer is a static device which step up or step
down the voltage without change in frequency.
There are various types of transformer used in
KSTPS-
1. Generating Transformer
2. Unit Auxiliary Transformer
3. Station Transformer
4. Station Service Transformer
5. Unit Service Transformer
6. Instrument Transformer
Potential Transformer
Current Transformer

27. Switch yard
The 220 KV switchyard is the
main part of KSTPS, It has two
bus arrangement with a bus
coupler.
There are 11 feeders connected at
220KV switch yard.
S.No. Feeder to No. of feeders
1 Sanganer 1
2 Heerapura 1
3 Bundi 1
4 Beawar 1
5 Morak 1
6 Sakatpura 4
7 Power Grid Corporation of India 2

28. Main Parts of Switch Yard
1. Bus Bar
2. Bus Coupler
3. Isolating Switch
4. Earthing Switch
5. Lightening arrester
6. Current & Potential Transformer
7. Circuit Breaker
8. Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)
9. Wave Trap

29. Bus Bar
An Electrical conductor, maintained at a specific voltage and capable of carrying a
high current, usually used to make a common connection between several circuits
in a system

30. Bus Coupler
Bus Coupler is a device which is used to switch from one bus to the other bus
without any interruption in power supply and without creating hazardous arcs. It is
achieved with the help of circuit Breaker and isolator.

31. Isolating Switch
A disconnector or isolator switch is used to make sure that an electrical circuit can
be completely de-energised for service or maintenance

32. Lightening Arrester
A protective device for electrical equipment that reduces excessive voltage resulting
from lightening to safe level by grounding the discharge

33. Current Transformer
When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments , a
current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the
current in the circuit , which can be conveniently connected to measuring and
recording instruments.

34. Potential Transformer
Potential transformer or voltage transformer are used in electrical power system for
stepping down the system voltage to a safe value which can be fed to low ratings
meters and relays.
Commercially available relays and meters used for protection and metering , are
designed for low voltages.

35. Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect
an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short-circuit.

36. Capacitor Voltage Transformer
A capacitor voltage transformer or capacitance coupled voltage transformer is a
transformer used in power systems to step down extra high voltage signals and
provide low voltage signal, for measurement or to operate a protective relay.

37. Wave Trap
A Filter , usually a simple LC circuit, is used to remove a specific interfering
frequency.

38. Comparison between Unit #1 to #7
Data Unit # 1 Unit # 2 Unit # 3 Unit # 4 Unit # 5 Unit # 6 Unit # 7 Total
Mill 4 4 6 6 3 3 3 29
Bunker 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 38
Control
Room
Control Room-1 Control Room -2 Control
Room -3
Control
Room-4
Control
Room-5
5
Chimney Chimney-1 Chimney-2 Chimney-
3
Chimney -4 4
Mill Type Bowl Mill Ball Mill -
Stoke Yard SR-1 & SR-2 2
Air
Compressor
Reciprocating Type Screw Type -
Cooling
Tower
No No No No No Yes Yes -

39. References
www.google.co.in
http://energy.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/energy-department/rvunl/en/our-
plant/thermal/ktps.html
https://images.google.com/