Modeling and Valuing Cogeneration with AURORAxmp
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This document discusses modeling and valuing cogeneration facilities. It provides information on different cogeneration system configurations including simple cycle, combined cycle, and cogeneration systems. Sample calculations are shown for a cogeneration facility with two combustion turbines, heat recovery steam generators, and a steam turbine. Key outputs include the heat balance, fuel chargeable to power production, and inputs for an AURORA valuation analysis model.
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Modeling and Valuing Cogeneration with AURORAxmp
- 1. Modeling and Valuing CogenerationModeling and Valuing Cogeneration RCS Ray Bliven Regulatory & Cogeneration Services Inc. Vancouver, WA and Chesterfield, MO rdb@keywaycorp.com
- 2. Natural Gas Supply Compressor Outside Air Cumbustors Cumbustion Turbine Gas Turbine Generator Transformer Generator SCR Ammonia for NOx Reduction Stack Simple Cycle Cumbustion Turbine
- 3. High Pressure Steam to Process Process Steam Use Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) Gas Turbine Exhaust Heat Recovery DuctBurners HPBoiler SCR Economizer Preheater StackAmmonia for NOx Reduction BFW Pump Water Treatment Water Source MakeupWater Deaerator Combustion Turbine Cogeneration Compressor Outside Air Cumbustors Cumbustion Turbine Gas Turbine Generator Natural Gas Supply Transformer Generator
- 4. Low Pressure Steam for NOx Reduction Transformer Generator High Pressure Steam to Turbine Combined Cycle Combustion Turbine Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) Gas Turbine Exhaust Heat Recovery DuctBurners HPBoiler SCR Economizer Preheater StackAmmonia for NOx Reduction BFW Pump Pump Water Treatment Water SourceDeaerator Compressor Outside Air Cumbustors Cumbustion Turbine Gas Turbine Generator Natural Gas Supply Transformer Generator Water Vapor Pump Steam Condensate Condensator Cool Water Cooling Tower Warm Water Steam Turbine
- 5. High Pressure Steam to Process High Pressure Steam to Turbine Low Pressure Steam Return Low Pressure Steam for NOx Reduction Low Pressure Steam to Process Process Steam Use Combined Cycle Cogeneration Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) Gas Turbine Exhaust Heat Recovery DuctBurners HPBoiler SCR Economizer Preheater StackAmmonia for NOx Reduction BFW Pump Pump Water Treatment Water Source MakeupWater Deaerator Transformer Generator Transformer Generator Natural Gas Supply Compressor Outside Air Cumbustors Cumbustion Turbine Gas Turbine Generator High Pressure Steam to Turbine Low Pressure Steam for NOx Reduction Water Vapor Pump Steam Condensate Condensator Cool Water Cooling Tower Warm Water Steam Turbine
- 6. Cogeneration Heat Balance Inputs: Fuel Burned in Combustion Turbine Fuel Burned in Duct Firing Very Low Pressure Steam returned from Process Output: Steam Produced in HRSG Uses of Output: High Pressure Steam to Process High Pressure Steam to Turbine Low Pressure Steam to Process Low Pressure Steam to NOx Control
- 7. Sample Cogeneration Facility Combustion Turbines two MS5001PA Combustion Turbine Generation – base rating 25.81 MW each Combustion Turbine Generation – supplemental fired 25.29 MW each Combustion Turbine Fuel Use 349.0 MMBtu/hr each Exhaust Temperature 916 °F Unfired Steam Production at 400psig 124,000 lbs/hr HRSG Duct Fired Fuel Use 225.9 MMBtu/hr HRSG Duct Fired Steam Production at 400psig 310.0 MMBtu/hr Steam Turbine Generation 35.0 MW nominal 400psig Steam Required by Process 200,000 lbs/hr Steam Required for NOx Control 30,000 lbs/hr
- 8. Calculation of Heat Balance HRSG Unfired Steam Production (lbs/hr) 248,000 function of CT fuel burned Net Enthalpy (Btu/lb) 1,150 function of temp and pressure HRSG Unfired Steam Production (MMBtu/hr) 286 NOx Steam Injection (lbs/hr) 30,000 function of CT design NOx Steam Injection (MMBtu/hr) 35 HRSG Duct-fired Steam Production (lbs/hr) 310,000 function of design and fuel use HRSG Duct-fired Steam Production (MMBtu/hr) 377 High Pressure Steam to Process (lb/hr) 200,000 process requirement High Pressure Steam to Process (MMBtu/hr) 231 High Pressure Steam Used in STG (lb/hr) 328,000 remaining steam High Pressure Steam to STG (MMBtu/hr) 397 Enthalpy is the total energy, due to both pressure and temperature, of a fluid or vapor at any given time or condition.
- 9. Calculation of Fuel Chargeable to Power Gross Combustion Turbine Generation (MW) 51 sized to meet heat balance CT Heat Rate (Btu/kWh) 13,800 design of turbine CT Fuel Use (MMBtu/hr) 698 Duct Fuel Use (MMBtu/hr) 226 heat balance requirement Total Fuel Use (MMBtu/hr) 924 Total Fuel Use w/o CT (MMBtu/hr) 248 supplies steam requirements using duct firing Fuel Chargeable to Power 35.6% 248 ÷ 698 Dispatchable CT Heat Rate (Btu/kWh) 4909 13,800 _ 35.6%
- 10. Calculations for AURORA Valuation Analysis Combustion Turbine Minimum Generation Required Steam Load to Process (lb/hr) 200,000 Fuel Burned to Supply Steam thru CT (MMBtu/hr) 647 CT Generation (MW) 46.9 Combustion Turbine Dispatchable Generation Incremental Steam Available (lb/hr) 18,000 Fuel Burned to Supply Steam thru CT (MMBtu/hr) 51 CT Generation (MW) 3.7 + 2.1 STG free generation Dispatchable Turbine Heat Rate (Btu/kWh) 8,790 51 ÷ 5.8 _ 1,000 Steam Turbine Dispatchable Generation Steam Turbine Generation (MW) 29.8 based on heat balance Duct Firing (MMBtu/hr) 226 Steam Turbine Heat Rate (Btu/kWh) 7,578 226 ÷ 29.8 _ 1,000
- 11. AURORA Resources Input Table Dispatchable Combustion Turbine Heat Rate 8790 Must Run 0 Capacity 3700 Min Capacity 0 Non-dispatchable Combustion Turbine Heat Rate 13800 Must Run 1 Capacity 50580 Min Capacity 100 Steam Turbine Dispatchable Generation Heat Rate 7578 Must Run 0 Capacity 29800 Min Capacity 0
- 12. AURORA Output Non-dispatchable Combustion Turbine Generation (aMW) 50.58 Revenues ($000) 16309 Fuel Used (000MMBtu) 6114486 Value ($000) -3731 Fuel Cost ($000) 18386 Dispatch Cost ($/MWh) 42.95 Dispatchable Combustion Turbine Generation (aMW) 2.40 Revenues ($000) 842 Fuel Used (000MMBtu) 185175 Value ($000) 225 Fuel Cost ($000) 557 Dispatch Cost ($/MWh) 27.74 Steam Turbine Dispatchable Generation Generation (aMW) 23.31 Revenues ($000) 7909 Fuel Used (000MMBtu) 1547142 Value ($000) 2664 Fuel Cost ($000) 4652 Dispatch Cost ($/MWh) 24.06
- 13. Reference Articles Cogeneration Application Condsiderations Robert W. Fisk & Robert L. VanHousen GE Power Systems http://www.gepower.com/publications/en_us/pdf/GER3430f.pdf Heat Recovery Steam Generators Jim McArthur Innovative Steam Technologies Ltd. http://www.otsg.com/media/tech_downloads/OTSG_EPIC_paper.pdf