The document outlines the alliances and neutral countries at the start of World War 1, with Germany and Austria-Hungary allied against France, Britain, Russia, Belgium, and later the United States. It then describes how the German plan for a quick victory failed, resulting in brutal trench warfare that lasted for years with little movement at huge human cost. Propaganda and total war involving civilians increased as the war dragged on with massive battles like the Somme and Verdun achieving little.

1. All the Alliances - A recap France is allied with Russia Britain has pledged to help Belgium if attacked France and Britain have an alliance Austria and Germany are allied The Ottoman Empire is allied with Germany and Austria

2. Where is the United States in this? The United States is officially neutral, but sympathetic to great Britain and France Some Americans want to help Germany instead Most Americans wants to stay out of the “European War”

3. So the War starts The Plan was to take Paris in week and all of France in 2-3 weeks Then Turn on Russia and defeat her Everything depends on MOVING TROOPS RAPIDLY The Germans get held up just a LITTLE…

4. There is no quick victory, that means: Stagnation, no movement on the lines Trench warfare 4 years of brutal, bloody useless hell for the soldiers in the trenches, in the air, and at sea

5. Propaganda

6. Women became essential to the war effort far beyond any traditional roles held before. Civilians themselves became targets of military operations.

8. war on the Western Front became one of "attrition” The only way that either side could see to win it was to bleed the other side to death, to keep killing and killing until, with luck, you killed more of the men on the other side than they did of yours.

9. 1914 Germany invades Belgium. Britain declares war on Germany. Fighting bogs down quickly. Trenches appear on the Western Front on Sept 24

10. 1914 The Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers Russia loses the Battle of Tanneburg At Christmas there is an unofficial truce, soldiers meet in No Man’s Land Fighting quickly resumes

11. The Christmas Truce

13. 1915 Women take up men's jobs. Stalemate continues on the Western Front. The first gas attacks occur London attacked from the air by German Zeppelins.

14. 1915 U-boat sinks British liner Lusitania creating a US-German diplomatic crisis APRIL-Allied landing at Gallipoli SEPT-After a HUGE loss of life the Allies begin withdrawal of troops from Gallipoli , having gained nothing

15. The Battle of the Somme Lasted 3 months 60,000 people died on the first day. 420,000 British, 330,000 French 550,000 German killed No change in the battle lines at the end

16. The Battle of Verdun Lasted over a year over a two mile deep area Each side took and lost the same ground over and over Each side lost 500,000 men In the end it changed NOTHING

17. 1917 United States joins the war and assists the Allies. The battle of Passchendaele Tank, submarine and gas warfare intensifies. Royal family changes their name to Windsor to appear more British.

18. In Russia, the situation is terrible The Czar badly mismanages the war, is forced to ABDICATE, taken prisoner with his family The new government tries to continue the war They are overthrown, Lenin and the Communists take over, promise to end Russian involvement

20. 1918 Germany launches the last major offensive on the Western Front. Russia pulls out of the war signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Allies are NOT happy Allies launch successful counter-offensives at the Marne and Amiens. Armistice signed on November 11, ending the war at 11am. (11,11,11)

21. The War Outside Europe Though fought mostly in Europe, Imperialism spread the war Canada, New Zealand, Australia joined the Allies Asia, Africa and the Middle East also saw fighting

22. Colonial troops fought as well, often with the promise of self rule after the war Japan, China joined the Allies Many Indian troops fought as well WW1 ended the Ottoman Empire, fostered Arab nationalism

23. Changes in World Power Overall Europe lost power, influence The US, Japan emerged stronger The Balfour Declaration promised support for a Jewish state

24. The Treaty of Versailles 1919 The peace treaty which officially ended World War I between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany Germany accepted SOLE responsibility for causing World War I (the “war guilt” clause)

25. Germany punished DEBTS- Has to pay war REPARATIONS- £6,600,000,000 about 20 billion dollars WEAKEN GERMANY- German Army and Navy stripped, only 100,000 men allowed

26. NATIONALISM- New countries are created in Europe- Poland, Czechoslovakia,Yugoslavia Estonia, Latvia… COLLECTIVE SECURITY- the League of Nations is Created, which proves to be a waste of time

27. GERMAN AND OTTOMAN COLONIES-Germany loses all of colonies,Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France ‘ MANDATES’ are created by the League Iraq (United Kingdom) Lebanon (France) Palestine , including Transjordan (United Kingdom) Syria (France)

28. The League of Nations The League was President Wilson’s idea It had very little power to do more than TALK about problems Although the League was President Wilson’s idea, the US never joined it In the end it was considered a failure