The document provides an overview of World War 1, including its causes, key events, military technology, and aftermath. Some of the major causes that led to the war included the system of alliances that drew countries in, militarism and arms races between European powers, imperialism and colonial rivalries, and rising nationalism. The war was a bloody stalemate for many years on the Western Front, with new technologies like tanks and airplanes. It ended in 1918 with Allied victories aided by American troops. The Treaty of Versailles imposed punitive terms on Germany and redrew borders in Europe and the Middle East, sowing seeds for future conflicts.

1. 1914-1918: The World at War Susan Pojer

2. Differing Viewpoints “ Family Feud” “ Fall of the Eagles” “ The War to End All Wars” “ The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

3. Causes of the War

4. There had been relative peace in Europe for 100 years prior to WWI. But……..

5. CAUSES Alliances Like the nation’s buddy system When one country goes to war then many countries become involved. **Triple Alliance/Central Powers – Germany, Austria Hungary, Italy (Changes sides) **Triple Entente/Allied Powers – France, Russia, Britain, Serbia, Belgium and USA

6. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente : Triple Alliance :

7. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers : Central Powers :

8. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers : Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers : Enver Pasha [Turkey]

9. Europe in 1914

10. CAUSES Militerism Rivalry between Britian and Germany – both sides build up military Russia doubles size of army ***When countries build up their militaries war is inevitable!!!

11. 2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 398 289 268 154 130 94 1914 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures 73% Germany 39% Russia 13% Britain 10% France

12. CAUSES Imperialism Nations competed with one another for colonies and raw materials Britain and France VS Germany ***This constant competeing caused tension and unrest.

13. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

14. CAUSES Nationalism Intense feelings of pride for one’s country/nationality Some wanted lands back where they had a lot of people living Some wanted independence from countries that engulfed their culture

15. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

16. BALKANS Powder Keg of Europe Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia This infuriated the Serbs Archduke Francis Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) is assassinated and Serbia is held responsible.

17. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

18. The “Spark”

19. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

20. The Assassination: Sarajevo

21. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip

22. WWI BEGINS Austria-Hungary and Serbia go to war Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary because they are allied with Serbia (Czar Nicholas does not believe that Germany – Kaiser Wilhelm (cousin of the Czarina) will declare war on Russia.

23. Who’s To Blame?

24. WWI BEGINS Germany – supporting Austria Hungary declares war on Russia and France because France is allied with Russia. In order to get to France Germany invades Belgium which causes Britain to declare war on Germany

25. SCHLIEFFEN PLAN Germany’s grand plan to avoid a 2 front war. Attack France fast before Russia has time to mobalize

26. The Schlieffen Plan

27. German Atrocities in Belgium

28. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! Nationalism!

29. Recruitment Posters

30. A Young Australian Recruit

31. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro-Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

32. New French Recruits

33. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

35. Women and the War Effort

36. Financing the War

37. For Recruitment

38. Munitions Workers

39. French Women Factory Workers

40. German Women Factory Workers

41. Working in the Fields

42. A Woman Ambulance Driver

43. Red Cross Nurses

44. Women in the Army Auxiliary

45. Russian Women Soldiers

46. Spies “ Mata Hari” Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle German Spy!

47. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

48. Australian Poster

49. American Poster

50. Financing the War

51. German Poster

52. A Multi-Front War

53. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition ”

54. WESTERN FRONT 3 year stalemate Trench warfare Huge casualities Example – Battle of Verdun – Germans lost 330,000 – took 11 months By 1916 there were 2 million casualities

55. The Western Front

56. Trench Warfare

57. Trench Warfare “ No Man’s Land”

58. Verdun – February, 1916 German offensive. Each side had 500,000 casualties.

59. The Somme – July, 1916 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

60. War Is HELL !!

61. Sacrifices in War

62. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

63. The Eastern Front

64. EASTERN FRONT Russians and Serbs VS Germans, Austrians and Turks Millions died Germans had to fight on 2 fronts but they began to freeze to death in Russia. Russia Pulls out because of Revolution

65. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

66. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

67. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

68. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

69. The Tsar with General Brusilov

70. The “Colonial” Fronts

71. Sikh British Soldiers in India

72. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

73. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

74. Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

75. COLLAPSE OF EASTERN FRONT With Russia out the Central Powers put all of their resources into western front. Situation looks grave until Italy and the US join forces with the allies.

76. America Joins the Allies

77. US NUETRALITY Woodrow Wilson want to reamain neutral Wilson secrectly gives aide to Brits

78. LUSITANNIA Germans had declared unrestricted sub warfare Lusitania is sunk – carrying 128 Americans – 1000 dead Germans say the passenger ship is carrying munitions – Brits deny Ship sinks in under 20 minutes Germans also sink the Sussex

79. The Sinking of the Lusitania

80. ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM Secret message from Germany to Mexico If Mexico allies with the Central Powers it could gain New Mexico, Arizona and Texas Land lost in 1848 **Telegram intercepted – Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany to “Make the World Safe for Democracy”

81. The Zimmerman Telegram

82. The Yanks Are Coming!

83. Americans in the Trenches

84. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

85. French Renault Tank

86. British Tank at Ypres

87. U-Boats

88. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

89. The Airplane “ Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

90. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “ Red Baron ”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

91. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

92. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

93. The Zeppelin

94. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

95. Poison Gas Machine Gun

96. “ Art” of World War I

97. “ A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

98. “ Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

99. “ Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

100. “ Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

101. “ Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

102. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

103. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

104. END OF WAR Germans lost millions of soldiers – running out of reserves With the help of Americans – allies have many reserves

105. END OF WAR 1918 – Arabs fight against the Turks/Ottoman Empire Italy changes sides and defeats Austria-Hungary November 1918 – Germany signs armistice (agreement to end fighting)

106. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918

107. 9,000,000 Dead

108. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

109. World War I Casualties

110. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

111. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Turkish Genocide of Armenians (1914 - 1922) 387,800 2,133,190 Total 15,000 73,390 Trapizond District 163,000 194,000 European Turkey 70,000 309,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria 27,000 371,800 Western Anatolia Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey 16,800 225,000 Sivas 56,000 220,000 Bitlis 3,000 124,000 Diarbekir 35,000 204,000 Kharbert 500 197,000 Van 1,500 215,000 Erzerum 1922 1914 Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey

112. AFTERMATH AND PEACE Wilson comes up with plan called 14 points No secret treaties Freedom of the seas Countries need to reduce arms Colonial powers should consider feelings of the people living there ***League of Nations

113. AFTERMATH AND PEACE Europe accepts but the US denies and does not join the League of Nations

114. VERSAILLES TREATY

115. VERSILLE TREATY Conference of leaders – Big four US, Britain, France and Italy Central Powers not invited

116. TREATY OF VERSAILLES Reduce size of German army Germany to return Alsace Lorraine to France

117. TREATY OF VERSAILLES Troops would occupy Rhineland (German border) for 15 years Poland became independent War guilt clause – Germany had to pay reparations (war damages) to the allies Other Boundry changes Austria-Hungary broke apart

118. TREATY OF VERSAILLES Became countries Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Romania Poland Lithuania Latvia Estonia Ottoman Empire broke apart – Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon

119. TREATY OF VERSAILLES **Huge problems with treaty – no one truly happy **Germany could not pay **World wide depression **Treaty of Versailles leads to WWII