1. World War 1 began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Serbian nationalists. Major European powers with complex alliances were drawn into the war. 2. Trench warfare led to massive casualties with little movement on the Western Front. The war also involved fighting on the Eastern Front between Germany and Russia. 3. The United States entered the war in 1917 on the side of the Allies after German submarine warfare threatened American merchant shipping. With American troops arriving, the Allies were able to turn the tide of the war. 4. An armistice ended the fighting in 1918, and the subsequent Paris Peace Conference imposed punitive terms on Germany in the

1. WORLD WAR ONE

3. REASONS FOR WAR
1. MILITARISM or
aggressive preparation for
war grows.
• Mili leaders develop war
plans & stock supplies.
•Refuse to change plans for
anything & were basis for
all decisions.
•Drafted men. Armies

5. REASONS FOR WAR
2.Europe divided into many
alliances & the big 2 were:
a. Triple Alliance – Italy,
Austria-Hungary &
Germany
b. Triple Entente- France,
Great Britain &
Russia

7. REASONS FOR WAR
3. Imperialism
led to competition
for colonies to get control
of resources.
Germ had little while Br &
Fr had a lot

8. •4. NATIONALISM:desire
for own nation grows.
•many ethnic groups
want freedom from the
states in which they
live.

9. •1914: Serbia
wants to
create Slavic
state, but
Aus-Hun
against it

10. •June 28,
1914:
Archduke
Franz
Ferdinand,
heir to A-H
throne &
wife Sophia
visited
Sarajevo,
Bosnia.

11. •BLACK HAND
(Serbian
terrorist group
who want
Bosnia free),try
to kill Franz.
• Tried a bomb & failed.
•GAVRILLO
PRINCEP
shoots both

12. DON’T WRITE!!!!
•Aus-Hun doesn’t know if
Serb govt involved
• Want to attack.
•Afraid of Russia
•Turn to Germ for
help.

13. Germ Emperor
Kaiser
Wilhelm II
gives “BLANK
CHECK”,
promising full
support of
Aus-Hun, even
if Rus gets
involved

14. WAR BEGINS!!!
• Serbs turn down AUS-
Hun demands
•A-H
declares
war on
Serbs July
28th
, 1914

15. WAR BEGINS!!!
•Czar Nicholas
II of Rus
orders partial
MOBILIZATION
(assembling
troops &
supplies &
making them
ready for war).

16. WAR BEGINS
•Russia’s war plans say to
fight Germ & Aus-Hun,
Czar Nicholas must
mobilize against both.
Czar orders full
mobilization on July 29th
,
1914.

17. WAR BEGINS!!!
•Ger sees
mobilization
as act of
war &
declares war
on Russia.

18. •German Gen Alfred Von
Schlieffen plan calls for a
2 front war & makes
Germ invade Belgium to
attack France to get
Russia (written in 1894)
(think about
alliances)

19. •Ger declared war
on France on Aug.
3rd
, 1914

21. DON’T WRITE
•Germ told
Belgium
(neutral)
to let
troops
pass
through

22. •Aug. 4th
, 1914, Great Brit
declares war on Germ for
violating Belgium’s
neutrality.
• GB part of alliance
w/ Fr & Rus
(Triple Entente)

23. 1. Franz Ferdinand (next
leader of Aus-Hun)
assassinated by Serb
terrorists the Black Hand
6/28/14
2. Aus-Hun gets Blank Check
from Germany 7/5/14
3. Aus-Hun declares war on
Serb 7/28/14
4. Russia Mobilizes army on
7/ 29 – 31/14 against both
Aus-Hun & Germ

24. 5. Germans see mobilization
as act of war. Declares war
on Russia
6. German Schlieffen plan
makes Germ invade Belgium
& France to get Russia
7. Germany declares war on
France 8/3/14
8. Great Britain declares war
on Germany 8/4/14

25. WAR BEGINS
•Govt spreads
PROPAGANDA- ideas
used to influence public
opinion for or against a
cause-
• helped to create hatred & support for causes.
• Most believe war will
end in 2 weeks or less

27. •Western Front-Mostly in Fr
• Schlieffen Plan says go
thru Belgium to circle Paris,
trapping Fr.
•Ger stopped at 1st Battle of
Marne (Sept. 6-10, 1914).
•Fr troops sent in taxis to
front line in red uniforms.

28. WESTERN FRONT
•Both sides dig trenches
•New technology
•Little movement
•Many deaths
•Bad conditions.
• (Gas, tank, plane,
mortars, machine
gun, zeppelin,)

30. BATTLE OF THE SOMME
(July 1916)

34. NO MAN’S LAND

39. EASTERN FRONT

40. •Eastern Front (other side
of Germany)- Very
mobile, w/ huge losses
of life.
1. Rus is beaten in E.
Germ & suffers major
losses
2.Aus-Hun defeated
by Rus

41. 3.Italy joins Triple Entente
(now called the ALLIES w/
GB, FR, RUS) in 1915
4. Germ pushes Russians
back into Russia w/ heavy
losses
5. Bulgaria joins w/ Germ &
Aus-Hun. (now Central
Powers)
6. Serbs destroyed in Sept
1915. Ottoman Empire joins

42. •US neutral
•GB blockades
Germ w/ navy
•Germ uses
unrestricted
submarine
warfare (will
shoot down
any ship)

43. •May 7, 1915
Germ sinks
LUSITANIA, a
BR passenger
liner, killing
1000 (128 Americans)
•Germ stops
subs, afraid
USA will join
war.

46. • Jan. 1917, ADMIRAL
HOLTZENDORF talks
KAISER into using
unrestricted sub warfare
& blockades again to
break
stalemate

47. •HOLTZENDORF
promises
Kaiser Wilhelm
II that Brits
will starve
before US acts
• “I give your majesty my word
as an officer, not one American
will land on the continent”

48. •April
1917, US
enters
the
war!!!!
• (bringing men, supplies &
psychological boost).

49. •Became TOTAL
WAR-complete
mobilization of
resources &
people.
•Women take
over jobs in
factories

50. •Euros went to
PLANNED
ECONOMIES- systems
run by govt agencies
that expanded powers to
meet needs such as: drafts,
regulate import/exports, ration food,
control prices, wages &
rent control

51. •Don’t write!
•1918 better
for Allies w/
arrival of US
troops

52. •Germ
GENERAL
ERICH VON
LUDENDORFF
gambles &
planned 1 big
offensive on
Western
Front

53. •Get w/in 50 miles of
Paris, but stopped at
2nd
Battle of Marne

54. 2nd
Battle of the Marne

55. GERMANY LOSES
•Germ forced back by US
troops
•Sept 29, 1918, Gen.
Ludendorff says war is
lost.
•Allies won’t make peace
w/ Germ imperial govt

56. •Kaiser William
II gives up &
flees.
• AUS-Hun fell
apart & new
nations emerge
Armistice is
signed Nov, 11,
1918

57. END OF THE WAR
•Jan 1919,
27 ALLIED
nations
meet to
make final
settlement

58. PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
Problems at PARIS PEACE
CONFERENCE (1919) due to
secret treaties & own selfish
interests
• Russia can’t come
• Germ not invited
• Run by BIG 3- US, FR &
GB.
• Big battle btw them

59. WOODROW WILSON
•WOODROW
WILSON-US
pres- presented
14 Points to
Congress to take
to meeting. He
said they
should:

60. 14 Points
a. reach peace openly &
reduce weapons
b. Create a “general
association of nations” to
guarantee independence.
(League of Nations)
c.Must create democracies &
self-determination (right of
each people to have own
nation).

61. • DAVID LLOYD GEORGE – Brit
Prime minister wants
Germ to be punished & pay for
crimes
GEORGES CLEMENCEAU –
premier of France says Fr
suffered most, needs security.
Wants fines, land, and no
weapons

62. PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
•Jan. 25, 1919.
League of
Nations created
(US DOES NOT
JOIN due to
Versailles).

63. •Demands Germ:
1.be stripped of
weapons
2. pay
REPARATIONS-
damages to pay for
war
3. create a buffer
area btw FR &
Germ called
Rhineland.

64. PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
•Jan. 25, 1919.
League of
Nations created
(US DOES NOT
JOIN due to
Versailles).
•Compromises
made.

65. •TREATY OF VERSAILLES-
signed w/ Germ. Most
important. 5 others
signed
•Germ unhappy w/ Article
231, which is War Guilt
Clause, stating
Germ admits
guilt for war.

66. MUST DO THE FOLLOWING:
1. pay reparations
2. reduce army to 100,000
3. get rid of air force &
reduce navy
4. return Alsace & Loraine,
5. Sections of E. Germ given
to create Poland.
6.Germ along Rhineland
now a DMZ, (no weapons)

67. • Map of Europe redrawn due
to Treaty.
a.Aus-Hun, Serbia & Ottoman
Empire gone
b. Rus (USSR) & Germ
smaller

68. c. Finland, Latvia,
Estonia,
Poland,
Lithuania,
Czechoslovaka
Austria,
Hungary &
Yugoslavia
created

69. d. Br take Iran &
Palestine. Called a
MANDATE when nation
officially governed
by another nation, but
not owned by them

71. • The financial cost of the war
amounted to almost $38 billion for
Germany
• Britain spent $35 billion,
• France $24 billion,
• Russia $22 billion,
• USA $22 billion
• Austria-Hungary $20 billion.
• In total the war cost the Allies
$125 billion
• the Central Powers $60 billion

72. WORLD WAR I CASUALTIES:
AMERICAN
•Battle deaths: 53,402
•Other deaths in service:
63,114
•Non-mortal wounded:
204,002
•Living vets as
of 2000: 2,416