The document discusses direct current (DC) motors. It begins with a brief history of the DC motor's invention in 1834. It then explains that a DC motor converts electrical energy from a direct current into mechanical rotation. The construction of a DC motor is described, including its field winding, armature winding, commutator, carbon brushes, and other parts. The document also explains the working principle of how interaction between electric and magnetic fields creates torque to rotate the motor. Different types of DC motors are listed, along with their characteristics and applications.
This presentation is about the whole pricipal about DC machine. It explain the various important parts of dc machine.It tells about how many types of losses are present in DC machine.
This presentation is about the whole pricipal about DC machine. It explain the various important parts of dc machine.It tells about how many types of losses are present in DC machine.
An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature. Occasionally, a linear alternator or a rotating armature with a stationary magnetic field is used. In principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an alternator, but usually the term refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion engines. An alternator that uses a permanent magnet for its magnetic field is called a magneto. Alternators in power stations driven by steam turbines are called turbo-alternators. Large 50 or 60 Hz three phase alternators in power plants generate most of the world's electric power, which is distributed by electric power grids.
This Presentation can be used by the Students of Engineering who Deals with the Subject ELECTRICAL MACHINES and use it for Refrence (Anyways you Guys will Copy Paste or Download it) ;)
Winding
What is Armature winding?
Terms related to armature winding.
Single layer and double layer windings.
Comparison between closed and open windings.
Types of DC armature winding.
Types of AC armature winding.
DC motors
Torque & Speed Equations
Torque -Armature current Characteristics
Speed - Armature current Characteristics
Torque-speed characteristics
Applications
Speed Control
An induction is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor therefore does not require mechanical commutation, separate-excitation or self-excitation for all or part of the energy transferred from stator to rotor, as in universal, DC and large synchronous motors. An induction motor's rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type.
Mr. C.S.Satheesh, M.E.,
Servomotor
Control motors
Two Phase AC Servo Motor
Three Phase AC Servo Motor
DC Servo Motor
AC Servo Motor
Control Type Synchro.
Torque Transmission Type Synchro
Synchros
An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature. Occasionally, a linear alternator or a rotating armature with a stationary magnetic field is used. In principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an alternator, but usually the term refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion engines. An alternator that uses a permanent magnet for its magnetic field is called a magneto. Alternators in power stations driven by steam turbines are called turbo-alternators. Large 50 or 60 Hz three phase alternators in power plants generate most of the world's electric power, which is distributed by electric power grids.
This Presentation can be used by the Students of Engineering who Deals with the Subject ELECTRICAL MACHINES and use it for Refrence (Anyways you Guys will Copy Paste or Download it) ;)
Winding
What is Armature winding?
Terms related to armature winding.
Single layer and double layer windings.
Comparison between closed and open windings.
Types of DC armature winding.
Types of AC armature winding.
DC motors
Torque & Speed Equations
Torque -Armature current Characteristics
Speed - Armature current Characteristics
Torque-speed characteristics
Applications
Speed Control
An induction is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor therefore does not require mechanical commutation, separate-excitation or self-excitation for all or part of the energy transferred from stator to rotor, as in universal, DC and large synchronous motors. An induction motor's rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type.
Mr. C.S.Satheesh, M.E.,
Servomotor
Control motors
Two Phase AC Servo Motor
Three Phase AC Servo Motor
DC Servo Motor
AC Servo Motor
Control Type Synchro.
Torque Transmission Type Synchro
Synchros
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
3. HISTORY OF DC MOTOR:
In 1834, Russian engineer Moritz
von Jacobi went on to invent the very
first rotating DC motor. His invention
became famous for being incredibly
powerful, which later set a world
record. Incredibly, he broke his own
world record in 1838 with a new and
improved version of his DC motor
invention. This motor motivated others
to produce DC motors of the same
powerful standard, with the ability to
drive a boat with a capacity of 14
people across a river.
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DC MOTOR |
4. WHAT IS AN ELECTRIC MOTOR?
An electric motor is an electromechanical device which
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
WHAT IS A DC MOTOR?
A direct current (dc) motor is a type of electric machine
that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. DC
motors take electrical power through direct current, and
convert this energy into mechanical rotation.
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DC MOTOR |
6. CONSTRUCTION:
A DC motor or machine consists of two windings namely field
winding and armature winding. The field winding is stationary and
the armature winding can rotate.
The field winding produces a magnetic flux in the air gap between
the armature and field windings and the armature is placed in this
magnetic field. The construction of DC motor or machine is shown
in the previous slide.
Parts used in construction of dc motor:
Yoke, Poles, Field winding, Commutator, Carbon brushes
Bearings, etc…
A brief description of the various parts is given in the next slide:
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DC MOTOR |
7. YOKE:
The yoke acts as the outer cover of a DC motor and it is also known as the frame. The yoke is
an iron body, made up of low reluctance magnetic material such as cast iron, silicon steel,
rolled steel, etc.
Yoke serves two purposes, firstly it provides mechanical protection to the outer parts of the
machine secondly it provides a low reluctance path for the magnetic flux.
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DC MOTOR |
8. 2. POLES AND POLE SHOE:
• The pole and pole shoe are fixed on the yoke by bolts. These are made
of thin cast steel or wrought iron laminations that are riveted together.
Poles produce the magnetic flux when the field winding is excited.
A Pole shoe is an extended part of a pole. Due to its shape, the pole
area is enlarged and more flux can pass through the air gap to the
armature.
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DC MOTOR |
9. 3.FIELD WINDING
The coils around the poles are known as field (or exciting) coils and are
connected in series to form the field winding. Copper wire is used for the
construction of field coils. When the DC is passed through the field
windings, it magnetizes poles that produce magnetic flux.
9
DC MOTOR |
10. ARMATURE WINDING
The armature winding plays a very important role in the construction of a
DC motor because the conversion of power takes place in the armature
winding. Based on connections, there are two types of armature windings
named:
1. Wave Winding
2. Lap Winding 10
DC MOTOR |
11. COMMUTATOR
It is mounted on the shaft. It is made up of a large number of wedge-shaped
segments of hard drawn copper, insulated from each other by a thin layer of
mica.
The commutator connects the rotating armature conductor to the stationary
external circuit through carbon brushes. It converts alternating torque into
unidirectional torque produced in the armature. 11
DC MOTOR |
12. CARBON BRUSHES
The current is conducted from the voltage source to the armature by the
carbon brushes which are held against the surface of the commutator by
springs. They are made of high-grade carbon steel and are rectangular.
12
DC MOTOR |
13. BEARINGS
The ball or roller bearings are fitted in the end housings. The friction
between stationary and rotating parts of the motor is reduced by bearing.
Mostly high carbon steel is used for making the bearings as it is a very hard
material. 13
DC MOTOR |
14. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DC MOTOR:
PRINCIPLE:
A current-carrying conductor, when kept
in a magnetic field, gains torque and
develops a tendency to move. In short,
when electric fields and magnetic fields
interact a mechanical force arises. This
is the principle on which the DC motors
work.
14
DC MOTOR |
16. WORKING:
A magnetic field arises in the air gap when the field coil of the DC motor
is energised. The created magnetic field is in the direction of the radii of
the armature. The magnetic field enters the armature from the North pole
side of the field coil and “exits” the armature from the South pole side of
the field coil.
The conductors located on the other pole are subjected to a force of the
same intensity but in the opposite direction. These two opposing forces
create a torque that causes the motor armature to rotate.
16
DC MOTOR |
17. TYPES OF DC MOTORS:
DC motors have a wide range of applications ranging from electric shavers to automobiles.
To cater to this wide range of applications, they are classified into different types based on
the field winding connections to the armature as:
Self Excited DC Motor:
1. Shunt wound DC motor
2. Series wound DC motor
3. Compound wound DC motor
Separately Excited DC Motor:
1. Brushed DC Motor
2. Brushless DC Motor
17
DC MOTOR |
18. Self Excited DC Motors:
1. Shunt wound DC Motor
18
DC MOTOR |
21. Separately excited DC Motor:
1. Brushed DC Motor 2. Brushless DC Motor
21
DC MOTOR |
22. APPLICATIONS:
1. Shunt DC Motor
Characteristics:
Speed is fairly constant and medium starting torque.
Applications:
1. Blowers and fans
2. Centrifugal and reciprocating pumps
3. Lathe machines
4. Machine tools
5. Milling machines
6. Drilling machines
22
DC MOTOR |
23. 2. Series DC Motor
Characteristics:
Series High starting torque.
No load condition is dangerous.
Variable speed.
Applications:
1. Cranes
2. Hoists, Elevators
3. Trolleys
4. Conveyors
5. Electric locomotives
23
DC MOTOR |
24. 3. Cumulative compound DC Motor
Characteristics:
High starting torque.
No load condition is allowed.
Applications:
1. Rolling mills
2. Punches
3. Shears
4. Heavy planers
5. Elevators
Differential compound DC Motor
Characteristics:
Speed increases as load increases.
Applications:
Not suitable for any practical applications
24
DC MOTOR |
25. CONCLUSION :
Machines play a vital role in the improvisation of our day to day lifestyle and
DC Motor is one of them.
Can you imagine climbing a 30 storeyed building all by yourself without
making use of elevator or peddling a boat for 24 hours just to reach your
destination? Believe it or not, DC Motors have actually made our life much
easier with its widespread applicattions in our day to day life. Hence I’d like
to conclude by quoting that-
“MACHINERY IS THE SUBCONSIOUS MIND OF THE WORLD”
25
DC MOTOR |
26. REFERENCE:
“A TEXTBOOK OF ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY”
- B. L. Theraja , A. K. Theraja.
“ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVES”
-Krishnan.
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DC MOTOR |