The document discusses key aspects of developing an effective research team, including forming the team, assigning roles and responsibilities, creating a work plan, and developing a budget. It provides examples of common research roles and staffing structures. It also explains the importance of work planning tools like the work schedule, Gantt chart, and work breakdown structure for organizing tasks, timelines, and responsibilities. Guidelines are given for developing a comprehensive budget that accounts for personnel, supplies, travel, and other project costs with appropriate contingency amounts. The overall aim is to provide guidance on assembling the necessary human and financial resources and establishing structures and processes for successful research project management.

1. Ashok Pandey
Research Associate
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Developing the Research Team,
Team Management and Task
Distribution, Work Plan and
Budgeting
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3. Research team
One department or institution might be described elsewhere
as a
Research group
Research centre
Research unit or
Research institute
Regardless of the terminology used, the key characteristic of
a research team is that it comprises a group of people
working together in a committed way towards a common
research goal.
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4. Human Resource
Nothing moves unless a piece of paper moves and
no paper can move, unless a person moves
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5. Research human resource
Technical team
1) Principle Investigator
2) Research officer
3) Research Associate
4) Research Scientist
5) Data analyst
6) Survey field coordinator
7) Field Research Supervisor
8) Field Research Assistant
9) Counselor
10) Clinician
11) Lab technician, etc
Admin/finance staff
1. Administrative officer
2. Accountant
3. Admin/ Typist
4. Driver
5. Office Assistant
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Hierarchy
Chain of command

6. Full-time: Regular staff employees whose standard work
schedule is 37.5 hours or more per week
Part-time status: Regular staff employees whose standard
work schedule is at least 20 standard hours per week but
less than 37.5 standard hours per week
Part-time to full-time status may result in changes in
benefits eligibility, coverage, and premium costs.
Employees who work an average of 30 hours or more per
week, as determined in accordance with the Employer
Shared Responsibility provisions of the Affordable
Care Act, are eligible for full-time health premiums.
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7. The Results of Good Team Work
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8. The Results of Bad Team Work
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10. What is a work plan?
 A WORK PLAN is a schedule, chart or graph that
summarizes the different components of a research project
and how they will be implemented in a coherent way
within a specific time-span.
It may include:
 The tasks to be performed;
 When and where the tasks will be performed; and
 Who will perform the tasks and the time each person will
spend on them.
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11. Various work scheduling and planning
techniques
1. The work schedule
2. The GANTT Chart
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12. The work schedule
A work schedule is a table that summarizes the task to be
performed in a research project, the duration of each
activity and who is responsible for the different tasks.
1. The task to be performed
2. The date each task should be begin and be completed
3. Task assigned
4. Person days
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15. Work Breakdown Structure
Hierarchical decomposition of a project into manageable
chunks. It is graphical and shows all the project parts in
an organized chart.
A good WBS looks like an Organization chart or Tree
diagram, with all parts connected
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16. The GANTT Chart by Henry Gantt in the 1910s
A GANTT chart is a planning tool that depicts graphically the
order in which various tasks must be completed and the duration
of each activity.
The GANTT chart shown
 the tasks to be performed;
 who is responsible for each task; and
 the time each task is expected to take.
The length of each task is shown by a bar that extends over the
number of days, weeks or months the task is expected to take.
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17. Why Gantt Chart
For better Communicate
 Wide selection of shapes so your timeline will be unique and
impactful.
 Fit more tasks: Adjust the task size and the spacing between
tasks so you can fit the extra detail your timeline needs.
 Hours and Minutes: Creates timelines, Gantt charts and daily
schedules scaled down to hours or minutes.
 Percentage complete & duration: Show critical details clients
and executives are expecting, such as percent complete and
task duration.
 Customize fonts & colors: Plus Edition lets you format text
with font, size, color and other styles so you can create the
perfect timeline.
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19. Tasks to be performed Responsible
person
Dec.
2007
Jan.
2008
Feb.
2008
March
2008
April
2008
May
2008
June
2008
July
2008
Aug.
2008
Literature Review and finalize
research proposal
Research team xxx
Clearance from national authority PI/NHRC x xxxx
Preparing research tools PI and Co-PI xx
Translating questionnaire in local
language, typing and photocopying
Research
Assistant
xx
Orientation training to the research
assistants and data collectors
Research team x
Pre- testing questionnaire/field trial Research team
Asst and enum.
x
Finalizing questionnaire and printing Research team
Research
Assts.
x
Orientation to DHO/Local authority
and community and obtaining
clearance/permission from them
Research team
Research
Assts.
Consultant
x
Data collection Research team xxxx xxxx
Data editing, coding and entry into
computer
Research team xx
Data analysis Research team
Consultant
xx
Report writing Research team xx
Dissemination and discussion of
research findings and preliminary
recommendations with
managers/policy makers
Research team x
Preparing final report and
submission to concerned
institution/funding agency
Research team x x
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20. Computer-assisted formulation of
work plan:
1. Ms Excel
2. Microsoft project
3. Lotus
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22. Budget
 Budget is a concrete, precise, picture of the total
operation of an enterprise/ organization/ institutions in a
monetary term.
 Budgeting is major part of planning process
 It’s an invaluable tool to help you prioritize your
spending and manage your money no matter how much
or how little you have.
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23. When should budget preparation
begin?
A complete budget is not prepared until the final stage of
project planning.
However, cost is usually a major limiting factor and
therefore must always be kept in mind during planning so
that your proposals will not have an unrealistically high
budget.
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24. Advice on budget preparation
Keep in mind the tendency to underestimate the time needed to
complete project tasks in the “real world” Include a 5% contingency
fund and health insurance
Do not box yourself in too tightly with very detailed categories and
amounts, especially if regulations do not allow adjustments afterwards.
Ask the supervising agency to agree that, if necessary there may be
some transfer between line items in the budget.
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25. Advice on budget preparation Contd….
If your government or department has agreed to contribute a certain amount
for the project, try to arrange that the contribution be administered
separately, so that the administrators remain aware of the commitment. This
may also ensure easier access to the funds.
If the budget is for a period longer than a year, build in allowances for
inflation before the project begins and in subsequent years by increasing costs
by a set percentage.
Aware about the exchange rate of currency; 1 US Dollar equals 103 Nepalese
Rupee, 1 Euro equals 115.42 Nepalese Rupee (11/06/2017)
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26. Major Section of budget
 Project personnel and consultancy costs (include Researchers,
Field Supervisors, Clinicians, Research Assistant, Data Managers,
etc.)
 Non consumable supplies (if relevant, include major and minor
equipment etc.)
 Consumable and Expendable supplies include stationery,
photocopying, photographic films, cassette tapes and batteries etc.)
 Clinical Expenses (if relevant) include drugs, special investigations
like clinical tests, patients cost i.e. transportation/ reimbursement of
travel expenses)
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27. Contd…
 Field/ Community related costs (if relevant) include
refreshment cost for focus group discussion and other
related costs etc.
 Travel within the country and subsistence costs (if
relevant) include air fare, bus fare, vehicle hiring, fuel etc.
 Administrative costs (if relevant) include house rent,
support staff, communication expenses and other
relevant)
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28. Contd…
 Report writing include printing and binding.
 Dissemination include invitation cost, hall rent, refreshment,
report copying etc.)
 Publication costs
 Other costs includes miscellaneous and other costs.
1. Insurance cost
2. Travel insurance cost
3. Contingency cost
4. Overhead cost
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29. Personnel Costs (Rs)
 Personnel Person(s)x Rate x Days (Rs)
Total
 Principal Investigator 1x0.0 x0 Days X
 Co Investigator
 Supervisor
 Enumerators
 Data Entry Manager
______________________________________________
Sub total 1:
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30. Administrative Support:
 Accountant x days x Rs =……….. Rs
 Admin/ Typist x Days x Rs =…………Rs
 Driver x Days x Rs =………...Rs
 Office Assistant x Days x Rs =…………Rs
_________________________________
Sub total 2 =…………Rs
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31. Consumable and Expendable Supplies:
 Stationery (list of items/quantity/rates on a separate
sheet) =…………Rs
 Photocopy =…………Rs
 Printing (Lump sum) =…………Rs
______________________________
Sub total 3 =………….. Rs
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32. Ethical Approval cost (IRC/ERB)
For student
For self funded
For sponsored proposal
_________________________________
Sub total 4 =…………Rs
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33. Field /Community related costs
(If relevant)
 Per diem for participants:
Number X Rate X Days= Total Rs
 Per diem for facilitator/ Recorder:
Number X Rate X Days= Total Rs
 Stationery for FDG:
Number X Rate =Total Rs
 Refreshment:
Number X Rate X days = Total Rs
_________________________________
Sub total 5 =…………Rs
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34. Budget summary
 Sub total 1 =…………………….Rs
 Sub total 2 =…………………….Rs
 Sub total 3 =…………………….Rs
 Sub total 4 =…………………….Rs
 Sub total 5 =…………………….Rs
________________________________
Total =…………………….Rs.
Contingency 5%......................Rs
________________________________
Grand Total =………………. Rs
May convert into Dollars/ Euro/Pound
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36. 1. Personnel Costs (Rs)
2. Administrative Support(Rs)
Personnel Person(s)x Rate x mths Total
Accountant 1*10000*12 months 120,000
Admin/ Typist 1*8000*12 months 96,000
Driver 1*8000*12 months 96,000
Office Assistant 1*6000*12 months 72,000
Sub total 384,000
Personnel Person(s)x Rate x mths Total
Supervisor 1*25,000*12 months 300,000
Field Interviewer 2*15000*9 months 270,000
Clinical Practitioners 1*10,000* 9 months 90,000
Data Analyst 2*15000*6 months 180,000
Statistician 1*40,000*6 months 240,000
Sub total: 1,080,000
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37. 3. Consumable and Expendable Supplies
Rs (Lump sum)
Lab Analysis (Kits, Vials, Syringes, etc.) 300,000
Supplementation and placebo 100,000
Stationary (Printing, Photocopy, etc) 200,000
Sub total 600,000
Budget summary
Sub totals Rs
Sub total 1 1,080,000
Sub total 2 384,000
Sub total 3 600,000
Total 2,064,000
Contingency 5% 103,200
Tax et. al 206,400
Insurance According to rules of government/insurance company
Approval cost (3%) 71,208
Grand Total 2,373,600
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38. Bank Details
i. Bank Account Name:
ii. Account Number:
iii. Bank Name:
iv. Bank Address:
v. SWIFT Code:
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39. How can budgets be reduced?
 Explore whether other health-related institutions are
willing to temporarily assign or second personnel to the
project.
 When possible, use local rather than outside personnel.
If consultants are needed at the beginning, train local
personnel as soon as possible to take over their work.
 Explore the use of students or community volunteers,
where appropriate.
 Plan for strict control of project expenditures, such as
those for vehicle use, supplies, air fare etc.
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40. International sources of funding for research
1. International Multi-Lateral Agencies
 WHO and Associated Special Programmes:
 IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses)
 MCH, Reproductive Health, Adolescent Health, etc.
 RBM/AIM (Roll Back Malaria/African Initiative on Malaria)
 TDR (Tropical Disease Research)
 UNAIDS
 WHO Headquarters
 WHO Regional Offices
 African Development Bank
 Asian Development Bank
 IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer)
 UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)
 UNFPA
 World Bank etc.
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41. 2. Bilateral Agencies
 ADAB (The Australian Development Assistance Board)
 BOSTID (Board on Science and Technology for International Development)
 CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency)
 DFID (Department for International Development), United Kingdom
 DGIS (Directorate for International Co-operation), The Netherlands
 GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit, Germany)
 IDRC (International Development Research Centre), Canada
 JICA (Japanese International Co-operation Agency)
 SAREC (Swedish Agency for Research Co-operation with Developing Countries)
 SIDA (Swedish International Development Agency)
 USAID (United States Agency for International Development) etc.
3. Private Foundations
 Carnegie Corporation of New York
 Ford Foundation (Child Health) (USA)
 International Health Policy Program (USA)
 Kellogg Foundation (Health Services; primary interest in Latin America)
 Rockefeller Foundation (USA)
 Welcome Trust (UK) etc.
4. National Sources
 This will vary from country to country.
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42. Thank you
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