This document provides guidance on writing research objectives. It explains that objectives clearly describe what is to be achieved by a study. General objectives state broad goals in general terms, while specific objectives are narrower and specify what, where, and why something will be done. Good objectives are clear, logical, ethical, and outline the study's scope. They should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-Bound). The document also discusses different measurement scales that can be used and provides examples of writing objectives for a sample research problem comparing teacher motivation in public and private schools.

1. Quantitative Research
Methods
How to write the objectives of research?
Submiitted to: Dr. Ashiq Hussain
Submitted by : Sahar Fatima
M.Phil Education LPS (Evening)
Session:2016-2018

2. What are Research
objectives?
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3. Research objectives
 Research objectives are simply the
descriptions of what is to be achieved by
the study.
 The research objective is a clear, concise
declarative statement which provides
direction to investigate the variables.
 The research objectives are the
accomplishments what the researcher
hopes to achieve by study.
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4. Importance/need of research
objectives
The research objectives enlighten the way in which
researcher has to proceed.
The research objectives will help to focus the study.
It facilitates in development of methodology.
It guides the information to be collected.
The research objectives helps to identify and describes
the variable of study
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5. Cont……
The formulation of research objectives helps to organize
the study into clearly defined parts or phases.
It help to orient the collection,analysis, interpretation &
utilization of data.
The research objectives will help to identifying the
relationship and differences of variable.
They are closely related to the statement of problem.
The objectives of research summarize what to be
achieved by the study.
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6. Characteristics of research
objectives
It should be in logical sequence.
It should be clear and unambiguous; what is to be
done?
It should be ethical and do not cause physical or
psychological injury to anyone or environment.
It should outline the scope of research.
It should give the clear picture of how to perform
investigation.
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7. The Research objectives should
SMART
S • Specific
M • Measurable
A • Attainable
R • Relevant
T • Time-Bound
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8. Types of research
objectives:
There are two types of research
objectives:
1. General objectives.
2. Specific Objectives.
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9. General objectives
General objectives are the broad goals
to be achieved. The general objectives
of study state what the researcher
expects to achieve by the study in
general terms.
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10. Specific objectives
 Specific objectives are short term and
narrow in focus.
 The specific objectives are the small
logical connected parts to achieve
general objectives.
 They specify what the researcher will
do in study, where and for what
purpose.
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11. How to determine your
objectives?
 While your problem formulation serves to
describe the aim of your thesis, the
objectives provide an accurate description
of the specific actions you will take in
order to reach this aim. As with the
problem formulation, the overall objective
should be framed in a single sentence.
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12. Methods of writing the objectives
of research
The guidelines while writing the objectives of research are:
 The objectives should be presented briefly and concisely.
 They should cover the different aspects of problems & its
contributing factors in logical sequence.
 The objectives should clearly phrased in operational
terms,specifying exactly what a researcher is going to do ,
where and for what purpose.
 The objectives should be realistic and the researcher should
considered local conditions while writing research
objectives.
 Use action words that are specified enough to be evaluated.
 Example of action words are : to determine, to find out ,to
access ,to identify, to verify, to calculate etc. 12

13. Activity
Problem of statement:
To compare the level of motivation of teachers of public
and private sector
Objectives: Find out which of the following objectives are
general or specific?
1.To find out the factors that affects the level of motivation
of teachers.
2.To investigate the difference in motivation level of
teachers in public and private schools.
3.To compare the level of motivation of male and female
teachers of the public and private sector.
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14. Measurment Scale
There are four types of measurement
scales:
 Nominal
 Ordinal
 Interval
 Ratio
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15. Nominal
 A nominal scale is the simplest form of
measurement use by researchers can
use. Using nominal scale, researcher
simply assign numbers to different
categories in order to show difference.
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16. Ordinal
 A ordinal scale is one in which data may
be ordered in some way-high to low or
least to most.
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17. Interval
 A interval scale
posessed all
characteristics of
an ordinal scale
with one additional
feature: The
distance between
the points on scale
are equal with no
real zero.
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18. Ratio
 A ratio scale
posessed all
characteristics of
an interval scale
with real zero
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19. Example
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20. Characteristics of all four
scale
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21. Activity
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25. References
 http://betterthesis.dk/getting-started/short-
synopsis#sthash.RBjITt5Z.dpuf
 https://prezi.com/bmtgak01vrru/defining-the-problem-
and-determining-research-objectives/
 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Thomas11/p
ublication/224029399_Chapter_3_from_Designing_and
_managing_your_research_project_Core_skills_for_soc
ial_and_health_research/links/00b7d520eee9676c7700
0000.pdf
 http://nairobi.daad.de/imperia/md/content/aussenstellen
/nairobi/introduction_to_phd_proposal_writing_natural_
sciences.pdf
 http://www.slideshare.net/rishadrish/objectives-of-
research
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