Wordiness
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The document discusses sources of wordiness in writing and provides examples and solutions for improving conciseness. It identifies redundancy, repetition, empty phrases, nominalizations, weak verbs, expletive constructions, and passive voice as common sources of wordiness. For each issue, it gives an example of wordy writing and rewrites the example to be more concise and direct typically by removing unnecessary words, replacing redundant terms, substituting verbs for nouns, or changing to the active voice.
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Wordiness
The document discusses sources of wordiness in writing such as redundancy, repetition, empty phrases, nominalizations, weak verbs, expletive constructions, and passive voice. It provides examples of wordy phrases and rewrites them to be more concise and direct by removing unnecessary words, weak verbs, empty phrases, nominalizations, expletive constructions, passive voice, and redundancy. Strong writing is clear, concise and direct.
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Wordiness
- 1. Wordiness
- 2. Strong writing is: Clear Concise Direct
- 3. Sources of Wordiness Redundancy Repetition Empty Phrases Nominalizations Weak Verbs Expletive Constructions Passive Voice
- 4. Redundancy • The board members did not want to repeat the debate again, so they had a frank and honest discussion during which they identified some basic essential ideas. • The board members did not want to repeat the debate, so they had a frank discussion during which they identified some basic ideas. To fix redundancy, remove one of the redundant terms.
- 5. Repetition • The quarterback passed the football, but the lineman raised his meaty hand and batted the football away. • The quarterback passed the football, but the lineman raised his meaty hand and batted it away. To fix repetition, remove one of the repeated words or replace it with another word.
- 6. Empty Phrases • Because of the fact because • Due to the fact that because • In order to to • It is necessary that must
- 7. Empty Phrases • By virtue of the fact that at the current time we do not have sufficient funding, the skateboard park will not be built. • Because currently we do not have sufficient funding, the skateboard park will not be built.
- 8. Nominalizations • Nouns made from adjectives or verbs • Analyze Analysis • Solve Solution • Conclude Conclusion • Demonstrate Demonstration Adjective/verb Nominalization
- 9. 3 Signs You’re Dealing with a Nominalization 1. You have a noun… 2. …preceded by one of these words… • A, an, the, his, her, these, several 3. … and followed by “of”
- 10. Nominalizations • During the strike, the accumulation of garbage carried on for fifteen days. • During the strike, garbage accumulated for fifteen days. To fix a nominalization, change it back into a verb/adjective.
- 11. Weak Verbs To be To get To occur To make To go To use To do To have
- 12. Weak Verbs • The budget proposal before the legislature is to do with tax cuts and massive reductions in public-sector spending. • The budget proposal before the legislature recommends tax cuts and massive reductions in public-sector spending. To fix a weak verb, substitute a more vivid, specific verb.
- 13. Expletive Constructions • It + [to be] • There + [to be]
- 14. It is / There is • There is a picture of Pierre Trudeau playing baseball that shows the energy he brought to the prime minister’s office. • A picture of Pierre Trudeau playing baseball shows the energy he brought to the prime minister’s office. To fix this issue, rewrite the sentence to remove the expletive (it is/ there are phrase).
- 15. Passive Voice • The actor is missing or takes on a passive role in the sentence.
- 16. Passive Voice • It is advised by the board that we go forward with the deposition. • The board advises that we go forward with the deposition. To fix the passive voice, rewrite the sentence in the active voice.