7. Tips for Paraphrasing
• Objective language: no analysis.
• Do not simply substitute words.
• Change up the sentence structure.
• The end result needs to be in your
own words.
From Tara Horkoff’s Writing for Success p. 88
8. “A good summary requires
balancing what the original
author is saying with the
writer’s own focus”
(Graff, 2020, p. 31)
10. Original Text
If we follow Lawrence's injunction to trust
not the artist but the tale, then Asimov's
stories in I, Robot—and, even more
evidently, one of his later robot stories,
"That Thou Art Mindful of Him"—justify,
rather than obviate, the Frankenstein
complex. His mechanical creations take
on a life of their own, in excess of their
programming and sometimes in direct
violation of it. At a minimum, they may
prove inexplicable in terms of their
engineering design—like RB-34 (Herbie)
in "Liar" who unaccountably acquires the
knack of reading human minds; and, at
worst, they can develop an independent
will not susceptible to human control—
like QT-1 (Cutie) in "Reason.”
(Beauchamp 87)
Paraphrase
The stories in Isaac Asimov’s I, Robot
justify, rather than eliminate, the
Frankenstein complex. His robots have a
life of their own and exceed their
programmed instructions—at times, even
directly violating them. In a worst-case
scenario, the robots evolve an
autonomous mind that resists control by
humans, such as QT-1 in “Reason.”
11. Original Text
If we follow Lawrence's injunction to trust
not the artist but the tale, then Asimov's
stories in I, Robot—and, even more
evidently, one of his later robot stories,
"That Thou Art Mindful of Him"—justify,
rather than obviate, the Frankenstein
complex. His mechanical creations take
on a life of their own, in excess of their
programming and sometimes in direct
violation of it. At a minimum, they may
prove inexplicable in terms of their
engineering design—like RB-34 (Herbie)
in "Liar" who unaccountably acquires the
knack of reading human minds; and, at
worst, they can develop an independent
will not susceptible to human control—
like QT-1 (Cutie) in "Reason.”
(Beauchamp 87)
Paraphrase
The stories in Isaac Asimov’s I, Robot
justify, rather than eliminate, the
Frankenstein complex. His robots have a
life of their own and exceed their
programmed instructions—at times, even
directly violating them. In a worst-case
scenario, the robots evolve an
autonomous mind that resists control by
humans, such as QT-1 in “Reason.”
15. A Note on Capitalization
Title Case
• Titles in the body of your paper.
• Your paper’s title.
• Titles of periodicals
• The Curious Case of the
Misplaced Modifier
Sentence Case
• Titles in your Reference List
(excluding periodicals).
• The curious case of the
misplaced modifier
16. A Note on Styling Titles
Essay
• Long works are italicized
• The Curious Case of the Misplaced
Modifier
• Short works are placed in
quotation marks
• “Smartphones Are Bad for Some
Teens, Not All”
Reference List
• Long works are italicized
• The Curious Case of the Misplaced
Modifier
• Short works receive no special
formatting.
• Smartphones are bad for some
teens, not all
22. Signal Phrases
• If the author’s name, date, or text title is in the
signal phrase, omit if from the in-text citation.
• As J. K. Rowling (1997) wrote, “One can never have
enough socks” (p. 157).
26. Periodicals
Author. (Year). Article.
Journal, volume # (issue #),
pages. DOI or URL.
Duarte, A. (2015). The new
middle classes in Portugal.
Anthropologica, 57 (2),
557-70. Retrieved from
www.jstor.org/stable2453.
27. Webpage
Author. (Year). Title of
page. Site name. URL.
Fyfre, A. & van Wyhe,
J. (2012). Victorian
science and religion.
Victorian Web.
www.victorianweb.org.