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Wordiness
Strong writing is:
Clear Concise Direct
Sources of Wordiness
Redundancy Repetition Empty Phrases Nominalizations
Weak Verbs
Expletive
Constructions
Passive Voice
Redundancy
• The board members did not want to repeat the debate again, so they
had a frank and honest discussion during which they identified some
basic essential ideas.
• The board members did not want to repeat the debate, so they had a
frank discussion during which they identified some basic ideas.
Repetition
• The quarterback passed the football, but the lineman raised his
meaty hand and batted the football away.
• The quarterback passed the football, but the lineman raised his
meaty hand and batted it away.
Empty Phrases
• Because of the fact  because
• Due to the fact that  because
• In order to  to
• It is necessary that  must
Empty Phrases
• By virtue of the fact that at the current time we do not have sufficient
funding, the skateboard park will not be built.
• Because currently we do not have sufficient funding, the skateboard
park will not be built.
Nominalizations
• Nouns made from adjectives or verbs
• Analyze  Analysis
• Solve  Solution
• Conclude  Conclusion
• Demonstrate  Demonstration
Nominalizations
• During the strike, the accumulation of garbage carried on for fifteen
days.
• During the strike, garbage accumulated for fifteen days.
Weak Verbs
To be To get To occur
To make To go To use
To do To have
Weak Verbs
• The budget proposal before the legislature is to do with tax cuts and
massive reductions in public-sector spending.
• The budget proposal before the legislature recommends tax cuts and
massive reductions in public-sector spending.
Expletive Constructions
• It + [to be]
• There + [to be]
It is / There is
• There is a picture of Pierre Trudeau playing baseball that shows the
energy he brought to the prime minister’s office.
• A picture of Pierre Trudeau playing baseball shows the energy he
brought to the prime minister’s office.
Passive Voice
• The actor is missing or takes on a passive role in the sentence.
Passive Voice
• It is advised by the board that we go forward with the deposition.
• The board advises that we go forward with the deposition.

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Wordiness

  • 2. Strong writing is: Clear Concise Direct
  • 3. Sources of Wordiness Redundancy Repetition Empty Phrases Nominalizations Weak Verbs Expletive Constructions Passive Voice
  • 4. Redundancy • The board members did not want to repeat the debate again, so they had a frank and honest discussion during which they identified some basic essential ideas. • The board members did not want to repeat the debate, so they had a frank discussion during which they identified some basic ideas.
  • 5. Repetition • The quarterback passed the football, but the lineman raised his meaty hand and batted the football away. • The quarterback passed the football, but the lineman raised his meaty hand and batted it away.
  • 6. Empty Phrases • Because of the fact  because • Due to the fact that  because • In order to  to • It is necessary that  must
  • 7. Empty Phrases • By virtue of the fact that at the current time we do not have sufficient funding, the skateboard park will not be built. • Because currently we do not have sufficient funding, the skateboard park will not be built.
  • 8. Nominalizations • Nouns made from adjectives or verbs • Analyze  Analysis • Solve  Solution • Conclude  Conclusion • Demonstrate  Demonstration
  • 9. Nominalizations • During the strike, the accumulation of garbage carried on for fifteen days. • During the strike, garbage accumulated for fifteen days.
  • 10. Weak Verbs To be To get To occur To make To go To use To do To have
  • 11. Weak Verbs • The budget proposal before the legislature is to do with tax cuts and massive reductions in public-sector spending. • The budget proposal before the legislature recommends tax cuts and massive reductions in public-sector spending.
  • 12. Expletive Constructions • It + [to be] • There + [to be]
  • 13. It is / There is • There is a picture of Pierre Trudeau playing baseball that shows the energy he brought to the prime minister’s office. • A picture of Pierre Trudeau playing baseball shows the energy he brought to the prime minister’s office.
  • 14. Passive Voice • The actor is missing or takes on a passive role in the sentence.
  • 15. Passive Voice • It is advised by the board that we go forward with the deposition. • The board advises that we go forward with the deposition.