The document summarizes a presentation on modeling carbon capture technologies at integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. It discusses modeling of the adsorption process for pre-combustion carbon capture using activated carbon adsorbents. The presentation covered modeling the dispersion of gases through activated carbon beds, modeling the performance of entire IGCC power plants integrated with carbon capture systems, and parameter estimation and validation of adsorption models.
Peter Styring (University of Sheffield) presenting 'Carbon Dioxide Utilisation as a Direct Air Capture Driver' at the UKCCSRC/IMechE/CO2Chem Air Capture Workshop on 20th February 2015 in London
Presentation given by Dr Maria Chiara Ferrari from University of Edinburgh on "Capturing CO2 from air: Research at the University of Edinburgh" at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
The document discusses carbon capture technologies that are likely to appear in future phases of carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment. It provides information on various carbon capture technologies including post-combustion capture using solvents like amines, pre-combustion capture through integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants, and oxy-fuel combustion. Examples of large-scale CCS projects currently in operation or development are also mentioned, such as the Kemper County energy facility and White Rose CCS project.
Presentation given by Enzo Mangano of the University of Edinburgh on "Adsorption Materials and Processes for Carbon Capture from Gas-Fired Power Plants – AMPGas" at the UKCCSRC Gas CCS Meeting, University of Sussex, 25 June 2014
Adsorption Materials and Processes for Carbon Capture from Gas-Fired Power Plants - AMPGas, Enzo Mangano, University of Edinburgh - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
This document summarizes a pilot plant study on capturing CO2 from power plant flue gas using a vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) process with zeolite 13X. Key findings include:
1) A basic 4-step VSA cycle was able to achieve 95.9% CO2 purity and 86.4% recovery from a 15% CO2 flue gas stream.
2) A modified 4-step cycle with light product pressurization and two beds achieved improved performance of 94.8% purity and 89.7% recovery.
3) Energy consumption in the pilot plant was 339-583 kWh/tonne of CO2 captured, higher than theoretical calculations due to non
The role of Direct Air Capture and Carbon Dioxide Removal in well below 2C sc...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes research exploring the role of direct air capture (DAC) technologies in scenarios aiming to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. It finds that DAC has the potential to play a role in carbon dioxide removal, capturing hundreds of millions of tons of CO2 per year by mid-century in 1.5°C scenarios. However, biological carbon dioxide removal via BECCS captures more CO2 over the long-run. Achieving the 1.5°C target requires rapid near-term emissions reductions and deployment of carbon dioxide removal technologies like DAC. The costs of deep decarbonization are highly sensitive to the availability of carbon dioxide removal and storage technologies.
This document discusses various methods for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial processes and power plant flue gases. It describes both established and developing absorption-based techniques using liquid solvents such as amines, ionic liquids, and hyperbranched polymers. While amine scrubbing is a mature process, opportunities exist to improve solvent capacity and reduce regeneration energy needs through new solvent formulations and process designs. Developing technologies like facilitated transport membranes and task-specific ionic liquids also aim to enhance CO2 capture efficiency. Fundamental research on reaction mechanisms and new candidate materials continues to inform the design of more effective and economical CO2 capture systems.
Peter Styring (University of Sheffield) presenting 'Carbon Dioxide Utilisation as a Direct Air Capture Driver' at the UKCCSRC/IMechE/CO2Chem Air Capture Workshop on 20th February 2015 in London
Presentation given by Dr Maria Chiara Ferrari from University of Edinburgh on "Capturing CO2 from air: Research at the University of Edinburgh" at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
The document discusses carbon capture technologies that are likely to appear in future phases of carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment. It provides information on various carbon capture technologies including post-combustion capture using solvents like amines, pre-combustion capture through integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants, and oxy-fuel combustion. Examples of large-scale CCS projects currently in operation or development are also mentioned, such as the Kemper County energy facility and White Rose CCS project.
Presentation given by Enzo Mangano of the University of Edinburgh on "Adsorption Materials and Processes for Carbon Capture from Gas-Fired Power Plants – AMPGas" at the UKCCSRC Gas CCS Meeting, University of Sussex, 25 June 2014
Adsorption Materials and Processes for Carbon Capture from Gas-Fired Power Plants - AMPGas, Enzo Mangano, University of Edinburgh - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
This document summarizes a pilot plant study on capturing CO2 from power plant flue gas using a vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) process with zeolite 13X. Key findings include:
1) A basic 4-step VSA cycle was able to achieve 95.9% CO2 purity and 86.4% recovery from a 15% CO2 flue gas stream.
2) A modified 4-step cycle with light product pressurization and two beds achieved improved performance of 94.8% purity and 89.7% recovery.
3) Energy consumption in the pilot plant was 339-583 kWh/tonne of CO2 captured, higher than theoretical calculations due to non
The role of Direct Air Capture and Carbon Dioxide Removal in well below 2C sc...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes research exploring the role of direct air capture (DAC) technologies in scenarios aiming to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. It finds that DAC has the potential to play a role in carbon dioxide removal, capturing hundreds of millions of tons of CO2 per year by mid-century in 1.5°C scenarios. However, biological carbon dioxide removal via BECCS captures more CO2 over the long-run. Achieving the 1.5°C target requires rapid near-term emissions reductions and deployment of carbon dioxide removal technologies like DAC. The costs of deep decarbonization are highly sensitive to the availability of carbon dioxide removal and storage technologies.
This document discusses various methods for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial processes and power plant flue gases. It describes both established and developing absorption-based techniques using liquid solvents such as amines, ionic liquids, and hyperbranched polymers. While amine scrubbing is a mature process, opportunities exist to improve solvent capacity and reduce regeneration energy needs through new solvent formulations and process designs. Developing technologies like facilitated transport membranes and task-specific ionic liquids also aim to enhance CO2 capture efficiency. Fundamental research on reaction mechanisms and new candidate materials continues to inform the design of more effective and economical CO2 capture systems.
This document discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a solution to reducing CO2 emissions and global warming. It covers various aspects of CCS including CO2 capture technologies like post-combustion capture using solvents, compression and transport of captured CO2, and geological storage options in saline aquifers or for enhanced oil recovery. The high cost of CCS technologies is also addressed.
A perspective on transition engineering options from capture-readiness to fullsize capture on Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plants - presentation by Mathieu Lucquiaud in the Natural Gas CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
This document defines target properties for CO2 capture adsorbents to enable economically viable bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) processes. Key points:
- Adsorbent lifetime strongly impacts process costs, with an optimal heat of adsorption balancing affinity and regeneration energy.
- For a levelized cost below $100/tonne CO2 captured, adsorbents need over 0.75 mol/kg capacity, 2+ year lifetime, around -40 kJ/mol heat of adsorption, and degradation decay below 5x10-6 cycle-1.
- The model predicts a $65/t-CO2 cost can be achieved with a degradation-resistant ad
The document discusses approaches for accounting for and reducing CO2 emissions from the iron and steel industry. It outlines calculating emissions based on the carbon content of fuel and process gases. Radical process changes and using hydrogen from decarbonized fuel could significantly decrease emissions. A case study demonstrates tracking carbon through an integrated steel plant to ensure accurate emissions accounting.
How Can CCU Provide a Net Benefit? - presentation by Peter Styring in the Emissions through the CCS Lifecycle session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
The Global CCS Institute and USEA co-hosted a briefing on the importance of R&D in advancing energy technologies on June 29 2017. This is the presentation given by Tim Merkel, Director, Research and Development Group at Membrane Technology & Research (MTR)
This thesis examines technologies for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from power plants. It discusses three main CO2 capture methods: absorption, adsorption, and membranes. Absorption using liquid solvents is identified as the most promising near-term option. The thesis then analyzes biphasic solvents as an alternative to conventional amines for absorption. Biphasic solvents form two liquid phases after CO2 absorption, allowing the CO2-rich phase to be regenerated with 30-50% less energy than amines. Specific biphasic solvent systems are reviewed that could reduce energy requirements for CO2 capture compared to monoethanolamine. The thesis aims to estimate CO2 capture costs using biphasic solvent
Future carbon capture R&D efforts need to focus on cost reductions in three main areas: materials, processes and equipment. In this webinar Ron Munson, the Institute’s Principal Manager – Capture, gave an overview of the current directions in carbon capture R&D, including development of higher performance solvents, sorbents and membranes; process improvements and intensification; equipment development; and novel equipment designs.
The document summarizes a proposed project to build a steam methane reforming plant in Alberta capable of producing 50,000 Nm3 of hydrogen per hour. It details the plant's design requirements, including feedstock needs, operating costs, and economic analysis. The plant would produce hydrogen primarily through steam methane reforming of natural gas, and the document evaluates this process as well as alternatives like dry reforming of methane. It ultimately recommends constructing one to four similar hydrogen production plants in Alberta.
(1) Several carbon capture technologies were discussed including post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel capture.
(2) Current state-of-the-art carbon capture technologies impose significant efficiency penalties on power plants, ranging from 7-12% points.
(3) There is an urgent need to reduce these efficiency penalties to accelerate full-scale deployment of carbon capture and meet climate change targets. Barriers including cost, technical challenges, and public acceptance must be addressed.
Data Analytics in Carbon Capture and StorageYohanes Nuwara
This was presented in King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) virtually in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. In this presentation, I discussed about the promising role of data analytics in the three phases of CCS projects, namely ANN in the site selection phase, data-driven surrogate modeling in the sequestration phase, and CNN in the monitoring phase.
Apec workshop 2 presentation 12 lh ci cinco presidentes-pemex-apec workshop 2Global CCS Institute
This document outlines a life cycle assessment of CO2 emissions from a CO2-EOR project in southern Mexico. It describes the goal of understanding environmental impacts from a life cycle perspective and estimating CO2 emissions associated with various steps of the project. The methodology estimates emissions using activity data and emission factors. Results found that CO2 emissions from the offshore platform to refinery via the EOR project were 5.41 tCO2eq per ton of CO2 injected, and the project reduced greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impacts compared to business as usual.
This document presents 14 case studies evaluating the techno-economic performance of solid sorbent-based carbon capture and storage (CCS) at pulverized coal power plants. The case studies find that a solid sorbent CCS system can achieve comparable efficiency to liquid amine systems but with a levelized cost of electricity around $161/MWh. High capital costs, particularly for heat exchangers, contribute significantly to the cost. Additional cases explore the potential effects of sorbent degradation and identify heat exchanger design as an area for cost reduction.
CO2 capture within refining: case studies - Rosa Maria Domenichini, Foster Wh...Global CCS Institute
This document summarizes a presentation on CO2 capture within oil refining processes. It discusses:
1) Refining contributes around 6% of global CO2 emissions, with large refineries emitting up to 5 million tons per year. Major emission sources include process heaters, hydrogen production, and FCC regenerators.
2) Case studies are presented on capturing CO2 from process heater flue gases and within hydrogen production. Capturing 91 tons/hour of CO2 from heaters could cost €72-103/ton while capturing over 99% of CO2 from a hydrogen plant could cost €47-65/ton.
3) Joint capture of CO2 from multiple refinery sources like heat
Perspectives on the role of CO2 capture and utilisation (CCU) in climate chan...Global CCS Institute
Achieving the target set during COP21 will require the deployment of a diverse portfolio of solutions, including fuel switching, improvements in energy efficiency, increasing use of nuclear and renewable power, as well as carbon capture and storage (CCS).
It is in the context of CCS that carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), or conversion (CCC), is often mentioned. Once we have captured and purified the CO2, it is sometimes argued that we should aim to convert the CO2 to useful products such as fuels or plastics, or otherwise use the CO2 in processes such as enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). This is broadly referred to as CCU.
In this webinar, Niall Mac Dowell, Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in the Centre for Process Systems Engineering and the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, presented about the scale of the challenge associated with climate change mitigation and contextualise the value which CO2 conversion and utilisation options can provide.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the performance of a CO2 refrigeration system enhanced with a dew point cooler (DPC). Key findings include:
1) Experiments were conducted on a 20 kW CO2 refrigeration system to characterize its performance with and without a DPC under ambient temperatures above 40°C. The DPC avoided transcritical operation and increased COP by up to 140% compared to the conventional system.
2) A mathematical model was developed and validated experimentally. The model identified the optimum condenser inlet air temperature for each condenser temperature to maximize COP across a range of conditions.
3) An annual case study for Adelaide, Australia found the DPC-enhanced CO2 system could
An Update on Gas CCS Project: Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG PCC Technology - presentation by Colin Snape in the Natural Gas CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Different Techniques for Carbon Dioxide Capture from AirMadhura Chincholi
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an itinerary and overview for a 3-day sharing session on characterization of powders and porous solids. The itinerary outlines topics to be covered each day, including gas sorption, mercury porosimetry, chemisorption, microporosity, and more. The document also provides brief histories of sorption science and techniques for measuring properties like particle size, porosity, and specific surface area. Methods discussed include gas adsorption, mercury porosimetry, microscopy, and light scattering.
This document discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a solution to reducing CO2 emissions and global warming. It covers various aspects of CCS including CO2 capture technologies like post-combustion capture using solvents, compression and transport of captured CO2, and geological storage options in saline aquifers or for enhanced oil recovery. The high cost of CCS technologies is also addressed.
A perspective on transition engineering options from capture-readiness to fullsize capture on Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plants - presentation by Mathieu Lucquiaud in the Natural Gas CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
This document defines target properties for CO2 capture adsorbents to enable economically viable bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) processes. Key points:
- Adsorbent lifetime strongly impacts process costs, with an optimal heat of adsorption balancing affinity and regeneration energy.
- For a levelized cost below $100/tonne CO2 captured, adsorbents need over 0.75 mol/kg capacity, 2+ year lifetime, around -40 kJ/mol heat of adsorption, and degradation decay below 5x10-6 cycle-1.
- The model predicts a $65/t-CO2 cost can be achieved with a degradation-resistant ad
The document discusses approaches for accounting for and reducing CO2 emissions from the iron and steel industry. It outlines calculating emissions based on the carbon content of fuel and process gases. Radical process changes and using hydrogen from decarbonized fuel could significantly decrease emissions. A case study demonstrates tracking carbon through an integrated steel plant to ensure accurate emissions accounting.
How Can CCU Provide a Net Benefit? - presentation by Peter Styring in the Emissions through the CCS Lifecycle session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
The Global CCS Institute and USEA co-hosted a briefing on the importance of R&D in advancing energy technologies on June 29 2017. This is the presentation given by Tim Merkel, Director, Research and Development Group at Membrane Technology & Research (MTR)
This thesis examines technologies for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from power plants. It discusses three main CO2 capture methods: absorption, adsorption, and membranes. Absorption using liquid solvents is identified as the most promising near-term option. The thesis then analyzes biphasic solvents as an alternative to conventional amines for absorption. Biphasic solvents form two liquid phases after CO2 absorption, allowing the CO2-rich phase to be regenerated with 30-50% less energy than amines. Specific biphasic solvent systems are reviewed that could reduce energy requirements for CO2 capture compared to monoethanolamine. The thesis aims to estimate CO2 capture costs using biphasic solvent
Future carbon capture R&D efforts need to focus on cost reductions in three main areas: materials, processes and equipment. In this webinar Ron Munson, the Institute’s Principal Manager – Capture, gave an overview of the current directions in carbon capture R&D, including development of higher performance solvents, sorbents and membranes; process improvements and intensification; equipment development; and novel equipment designs.
The document summarizes a proposed project to build a steam methane reforming plant in Alberta capable of producing 50,000 Nm3 of hydrogen per hour. It details the plant's design requirements, including feedstock needs, operating costs, and economic analysis. The plant would produce hydrogen primarily through steam methane reforming of natural gas, and the document evaluates this process as well as alternatives like dry reforming of methane. It ultimately recommends constructing one to four similar hydrogen production plants in Alberta.
(1) Several carbon capture technologies were discussed including post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel capture.
(2) Current state-of-the-art carbon capture technologies impose significant efficiency penalties on power plants, ranging from 7-12% points.
(3) There is an urgent need to reduce these efficiency penalties to accelerate full-scale deployment of carbon capture and meet climate change targets. Barriers including cost, technical challenges, and public acceptance must be addressed.
Data Analytics in Carbon Capture and StorageYohanes Nuwara
This was presented in King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) virtually in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. In this presentation, I discussed about the promising role of data analytics in the three phases of CCS projects, namely ANN in the site selection phase, data-driven surrogate modeling in the sequestration phase, and CNN in the monitoring phase.
Apec workshop 2 presentation 12 lh ci cinco presidentes-pemex-apec workshop 2Global CCS Institute
This document outlines a life cycle assessment of CO2 emissions from a CO2-EOR project in southern Mexico. It describes the goal of understanding environmental impacts from a life cycle perspective and estimating CO2 emissions associated with various steps of the project. The methodology estimates emissions using activity data and emission factors. Results found that CO2 emissions from the offshore platform to refinery via the EOR project were 5.41 tCO2eq per ton of CO2 injected, and the project reduced greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impacts compared to business as usual.
This document presents 14 case studies evaluating the techno-economic performance of solid sorbent-based carbon capture and storage (CCS) at pulverized coal power plants. The case studies find that a solid sorbent CCS system can achieve comparable efficiency to liquid amine systems but with a levelized cost of electricity around $161/MWh. High capital costs, particularly for heat exchangers, contribute significantly to the cost. Additional cases explore the potential effects of sorbent degradation and identify heat exchanger design as an area for cost reduction.
CO2 capture within refining: case studies - Rosa Maria Domenichini, Foster Wh...Global CCS Institute
This document summarizes a presentation on CO2 capture within oil refining processes. It discusses:
1) Refining contributes around 6% of global CO2 emissions, with large refineries emitting up to 5 million tons per year. Major emission sources include process heaters, hydrogen production, and FCC regenerators.
2) Case studies are presented on capturing CO2 from process heater flue gases and within hydrogen production. Capturing 91 tons/hour of CO2 from heaters could cost €72-103/ton while capturing over 99% of CO2 from a hydrogen plant could cost €47-65/ton.
3) Joint capture of CO2 from multiple refinery sources like heat
Perspectives on the role of CO2 capture and utilisation (CCU) in climate chan...Global CCS Institute
Achieving the target set during COP21 will require the deployment of a diverse portfolio of solutions, including fuel switching, improvements in energy efficiency, increasing use of nuclear and renewable power, as well as carbon capture and storage (CCS).
It is in the context of CCS that carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), or conversion (CCC), is often mentioned. Once we have captured and purified the CO2, it is sometimes argued that we should aim to convert the CO2 to useful products such as fuels or plastics, or otherwise use the CO2 in processes such as enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). This is broadly referred to as CCU.
In this webinar, Niall Mac Dowell, Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in the Centre for Process Systems Engineering and the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, presented about the scale of the challenge associated with climate change mitigation and contextualise the value which CO2 conversion and utilisation options can provide.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the performance of a CO2 refrigeration system enhanced with a dew point cooler (DPC). Key findings include:
1) Experiments were conducted on a 20 kW CO2 refrigeration system to characterize its performance with and without a DPC under ambient temperatures above 40°C. The DPC avoided transcritical operation and increased COP by up to 140% compared to the conventional system.
2) A mathematical model was developed and validated experimentally. The model identified the optimum condenser inlet air temperature for each condenser temperature to maximize COP across a range of conditions.
3) An annual case study for Adelaide, Australia found the DPC-enhanced CO2 system could
An Update on Gas CCS Project: Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG PCC Technology - presentation by Colin Snape in the Natural Gas CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Different Techniques for Carbon Dioxide Capture from AirMadhura Chincholi
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an itinerary and overview for a 3-day sharing session on characterization of powders and porous solids. The itinerary outlines topics to be covered each day, including gas sorption, mercury porosimetry, chemisorption, microporosity, and more. The document also provides brief histories of sorption science and techniques for measuring properties like particle size, porosity, and specific surface area. Methods discussed include gas adsorption, mercury porosimetry, microscopy, and light scattering.
Presentation given by Dr EJ Anthony from Cranfield University about Direct Air Capture at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
This document summarizes a student project simulating CO2 removal from the flue gas of a cement plant in Libya using amine absorption. The student uses Aspen Plus to model the process, evaluating the feasibility of capturing 97% of CO2 from the flue gas stream containing 4.37% CO2 using 12.1% monoethanolamine (MEA) as the absorbent. The simulation examines operating parameters like absorbent flow rate and concentration. It is found that the capital cost is high due to the large flue gas volumes and need to compress the captured CO2. The project evaluates the feasibility of using amine absorption to capture CO2 at a cement plant.
The document summarizes an experiment studying factors that affect CO2 absorption in a NaOH solution. The experiment tested how absorption is affected by flow rate of CO2 gas, CO2 concentration, volume of NaOH solution, and pH. Absorption increased with lower flow rates, higher NaOH volumes, and higher pH. The results supported theories that more CO2 absorbs at higher pressures and NaOH concentrations. Future studies could optimize flow rates to maximize both absorption capacity and breakthrough time.
Presentation given by Dr Hao Liu from University of Nottingham on "CO2 capture from NGCC Flue Gas and Ambient Air Using PEI-Silica Adsorbent" in the Capture Technical Session on Solid Adsorption at the UKCCSRC Biannual Meeting - CCS in the Bigger Picture - held in Cambridge on 2-3 April 2014
This document provides an overview of basic chemistry concepts including:
- Dalton's atomic theory and modern atomic theory which established atoms as the fundamental units of matter and that they can exist as isotopes.
- Berzelius hypothesis and Avogadro's law which established that equal volumes of gases under similar conditions contain equal numbers of molecules.
- Definitions of atoms, molecules, atomic mass, molecular mass, gram atomic mass, gram molecular mass, formula mass, and gram formula mass.
- Introduction of the mole concept based on Avogadro's number, which established a mole as a specific number of particles (atoms or molecules).
- Adsorption occurs when a gas or liquid accumulates on the surface of a solid, forming a film. It differs from absorption which involves diffusion into the bulk.
- The Langmuir adsorption model describes monolayer adsorption on uniform sites but makes assumptions that do not always apply. The BET model extends it to account for multilayer adsorption.
- The Temkin isotherm accounts for indirect interactions between adsorbed molecules which affect heat of adsorption and coverage at high pressures.
Thermal power plants generate electricity by burning coal to produce steam that spins turbines which drive generators. Coal is pulverized and burned in a boiler to heat water and produce high pressure steam. This steam powers steam turbines which are connected to generators to produce electricity. The steam is then condensed in a condenser and recycled to the boiler to repeat the process. While coal provides a cheap and abundant fuel source, it is non-renewable and burning it releases greenhouse gases contributing to global warming.
Coal-based thermal power plants generate electricity through a four stage process. In the first stage, coal is burned in a boiler to produce heat energy. In the second stage, this heat is used to convert water to high-pressure steam. The third stage involves using this steam to spin turbines connected to generators. Finally, in the fourth stage the rotational energy of the turbines is converted to electrical energy. Key components of coal power plants include the coal handling system, boiler, steam turbine, condenser, ash handling system, and electrical equipment. Newer ultra-supercritical technologies can improve the efficiency and reduce emissions of coal power generation.
The document discusses the need to control CO2 emissions and various methods for doing so. It explains that CO2 and other greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and are causing global climate change. It then outlines different technologies for capturing CO2 from power plants, such as solvent absorption and membrane separation. Finally, it discusses options for storing captured CO2 underground or in the oceans and shifting to non-fossil energy sources like solar, wind and geothermal to reduce CO2 emissions.
This document discusses air pollution and ambient air quality standards in India. It defines air pollution and lists the composition of air. It then outlines ambient air quality standards for various pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, lead, and carbon monoxide for different areas. The document also discusses major sources of air pollution including natural sources like volcanic eruptions and forest fires, as well as anthropogenic sources like rapid industrialization, transportation, burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, increased population, and agriculture. It further classifies air pollutants according to origin, chemical composition, and state of matter and provides examples for each classification. Finally, it outlines some common air pollutants and their effects on
This document discusses carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from power plant flue gases. It begins by outlining the need to reduce CO2 emissions due to constraints on emissions and fossil fuel resources. It then discusses various CO2 capture technologies currently used or under development for post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion processes. These include chemical absorption, adsorption, membranes, and cryogenic separation. The document also addresses the costs, challenges, and energy penalties associated with implementing CO2 capture at power plants.
This document summarizes a research project modeling a carbon dioxide gas absorber using methyl diethanol amine (MDEA). The research involved developing mathematical models of the absorber to predict variations in CO2 concentration and temperatures across the column. The models were implemented in MATLAB and results were validated using plant data. Simulation results showed good agreement with plant data and provided insight into how varying process parameters like MDEA concentration and gas flow rate affect absorber performance. The research concluded the developed models accurately modeled the absorber and recommended future work study the regeneration section and residence time dependence.
Presentation on "Study of process intensification of CO2 capture through modelling and simulation" given by Dr Meihong Wang from University of Hull in the Process Engineering Technical Session at the UKCCSRC Biannual Meeting in Cambridge on 2-3 April 2014
This document summarizes the identification of a lower order transfer function model of an Alstom gasifier system using input-output data. The gasifier is a nonlinear, multivariable process. Prediction error algorithms were used to identify a linear MIMO transfer function model using input-output data from simulations of the gasifier at 100% load conditions. A pseudo-random binary signal was used to perturb the five inputs, and 10,000 samples of input-output data were recorded and divided into training and validation data. The identified linear MIMO transfer function model can be used for control system design and analysis of the gasifier system.
Phase Behaviour and EoS Modelling of the Carbon Dioxide-Hydrogen System, Martin Trusler, Imperial College London. Presented at CO2 Properties and EoS for Pipeline Engineering, 11th November 2014
Understanding and predicting CO2 properties - Presentation by Richard Graham in the Effects of Impurities on CO2 Properties session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting 10-11 September 2014
This document summarizes the theory and operation of methanol synthesis. It describes the typical methanol synthesis flowsheet that involves natural gas processing, reforming, and methanol production and purification steps. It also discusses the methanol synthesis reactions, catalysts used including their properties and deactivation mechanisms. Key factors that affect the equilibrium and kinetics of the synthesis reactions like temperature, pressure and catalyst activity are described. Methods to maximize the reaction rate within operational constraints are covered.
Presentation given by Professor Colin Snape from University of Nottingham on "Performance Enhanced Activated Spherical Carbon Adsorbents for CO2 Capture" in the Capture Technical Session on Solid Adsorption at the UKCCSRC Biannual Meeting - CCS in the Bigger Picture - held in Cambridge on 2-3 April 2014
This document presents the results of a study modeling a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) system with post-combustion carbon dioxide capture using ASPEN Plus. Key findings include:
1) The BIGCC system can achieve a total power output of over 2 MW with over 50% CO2 capture.
2) The heat requirement for the CO2 capture stripper reboiler increases sharply when capturing over 50% of CO2 emissions.
3) By utilizing waste heat from the BIGCC system, the net heat requirement for the CO2 capture stripper can be reduced, allowing for net negative CO2 emissions.
4) Thermodynamic performance of the system is optimized at a
CCS Projects Integration Workshop - London 3Nov11 - TCM - Project IntegrationGlobal CCS Institute
This presentation was given at the Global CCS Institute/CSLF meeting on CCS Project Integration that was held in London on 3 November 2011. The aim of the meeting was to share experiences on CCS project integration; and to identify priority integration topics that need further attention to facilitate CCS project development and deployment.
You can view more presentations from the event at http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/community/blogs/authors/klaasvanalphen/2011/11/25/presentations-global-ccs-institutecslf-meeting-ccs
Numerical Simulation Slides for NBIL Presentation in Queens universityYashar Seyed Vahedein
The numerical simulation project conducted by NBIL aimed to predict the carbon nanotube manufacturing process using template-based chemical vapor deposition (TB-CVD). The simulation modeled the CVD reactor geometry, defined boundary conditions based on experimental data, and solved conservation equations to analyze flow behavior and species concentration over time. The results showed good agreement with experimental temperature data and provided insight into how varying process parameters like gas flow rate affected velocity profiles and mass fraction distributions within the reactor. This allows for optimization of the TB-CVD process to fabricate carbon nanotubes with higher efficiency.
The document describes the development of a laboratory scale conical spouted bed reactor for biomass gasification. Initial experiments involve cold flow studies to establish stable spouting conditions. Future work includes hot flow studies and thermodynamic modeling to evaluate favorable operating conditions for hydrogen-rich syngas production from fuels like glycerol and propane. Existing correlations for minimum spouting velocity were found to be inadequate, so a new correlation was developed that showed excellent agreement with experimental data. Preliminary equilibrium analysis of reforming systems indicates steam reforming produces less hydrogen than partial oxidation or auto-thermal reforming. Further experiments are needed to validate the modeling results.
Selection of amine solvents for CO2 capture from natural gas power plant - presentation by Jiafei Zhang in the Natural Gas CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Presentation given by Professor Joe Wood from University of Birmingham on "Studies of Hydrotalcite Clays for CO2 Adsorption " in the Capture Technical Session on Solid Adsorption at the UKCCSRC Biannual Meeting - CCS in the Bigger Picture - held in Cambridge on 2-3 April 2014
This presentation discusses carbon dioxide capture and sequestration using activated carbon adsorption. It begins with an introduction to climate change and carbon capture and storage technologies. It then presents the objective to model CO2 adsorption on activated carbon. A mathematical model is developed based on Dubinin's theory of micropore filling. Governing equations are presented and discretized. Results show the model validates experimentally. A parametric analysis examines the effects of bed thickness, cooling temperature, heat transfer coefficient and initial bed temperature on CO2 adsorption. It concludes lower bed radii and higher temperatures and heat transfer rates increase adsorption while noting temperature effects on materials. Future work could extend the model and realize challenges of practical implementation.
Enhancing the Kinetcs of Mill Scale Reduction: An Eco-Friendly Approach (Part 2)chin2014
This document summarizes a research paper on enhancing the kinetics of mill scale reduction using hydrogen gas as an eco-friendly approach. The document includes:
1. An introduction to mill scale, its composition, and issues with current techniques for treating it.
2. A literature review summarizing previous research on reducing iron oxide using hydrogen and production of sponge iron powder from mill scale.
3. The objectives of experimentally studying the reduction kinetics using hydrogen gas at different temperatures and times to efficiently produce iron powder.
MSc thesis defense presentation at Frank Walk Room, LSUMandeep Sharma
This document outlines a study to develop a laboratory scale reactor to generate hydrogen rich synthesis gas (syngas) via thermochemical conversion of sustainable fuels like propane and biomass waste glycerol. Cold flow experiments were conducted to establish the minimum spouting velocity for a conical spouted bed reactor. Thermodynamic equilibrium analysis was used to qualitatively select operating parameters like pressure, temperature and reactant ratios for dry reforming, partial oxidation, steam reforming and autothermal reforming of propane. Experimental results from a plug flow reactor showed that autothermal reforming is most suitable for producing syngas with high hydrogen content and carbon-free products. Preliminary studies explored using nickel-based catalysts supported
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Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG ...
Wood Workshop on Modelling and Simulation of Coal-fired Power Generation and CCS Process
1. The Next Generation of Activated
Carbon Adsorbents for the Pre-
Combustion Capture of Carbon
Dioxide.
Power Plant Modelling Workshop
at University of Warwick
Dr. Joe Wood,Prof. Jihong Wang,
Simon Caldwell, Yue Wang
2. Dr Joe Wood - Introduction
◦ Project overview
◦ Modelling objectives
Simon Caldwell - Modelling of carbon capture at IGCC Power
Plants
◦ Dispersion Model
◦ Adsorption Model
Yue Wang - Modelling of power plant performance
◦ Heat recovery steam generator
◦ Gas turbine and heat recovery module
3. General acceptance that CO2 emissions are
affecting the climate
UK emissions targets for power stations is a
reduction from 500 to 50 gCO2/kWhr by 2030 (1)
Up to 18 GW of investment of CCS power stations is
possible in the 2020s
By 2030, 26% of global emissions from China,
with 98% of power generation emissions from
coal (2)
$2.7 trillion investment in power by 2030 (3)
50/50 split favouring pre-combustion to post-
combustion capture (3)
1. Turner, A. et al. The Fourth Carbon Budget - Reducing emissions through the
2020s. London : Committee on Climate Change, 2010.
2. Grubb, M. Generating Electricity in a Carbon Constrained World. London : Elsevier,
2010.
3. Liang, X et al. 2011, Applied Energy, Vol. 88, pp. 1873-1885
4. Diagram based on Tampa Electric IGCC Process
Flow Diagram, National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA
http://www.netl.doe.gov/index.html
5. • Could provide a CO2 emission free process of
the future
• Reaction to form Syngas
• Convert CO in to CO2 in water gas shift
• Separation of CO2 and hydrogen
Diagram based on Scottish Carbon Capture and Storage Centre
http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/sccs/capture/precombustion.html
6.
7. University of Birmingham (Simon Caldwell)
Simulation of pre-combustion carbon capture
◦ Developing a model of the adsorption step
◦ Producing cyclic model including all PSA steps
◦ Developing model to incorporate complete carbon
capture process
Incorporates adsorption isotherms, mass transfer
models, fixed bed model
Unsteady state heat and mass balances
Parameter estimation from experimental data
8. Project Overview
T, P T, P
Syngas
Composition Composition Fuel gas to
from WGS
gas turbine
Reactor
Dry Molar CCS Process Molar
Flowrate Flowrate
Molecular Molecular
Weight Weight
Composition: Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide, Carbon Monoxide,
Nitrogen, Methane, Hydrogen Sulphide, Water
9. Typical PSA Process
Water Gas Shift High Purity
Product CO2
(60% H2, 40% CO2)
Adsorption Purge Blowdown Pressurisation
High Purity H2
10. University of Warwick
◦ Modelling and simulation study of IGCC power
generation process
Integration of power plant and CCS models
◦ Investigations of
Dynamic response
Impact on power transmission and distribution
network
Effect of CCS upon plant efficiency
Effect of different fuel types
Quantified analysis of the process with plant
optimization
11. Dr Joe Wood - Introduction
◦ Project overview
◦ Modelling objectives
Simon Caldwell - Modelling of carbon capture at IGCC Power
Plants
◦ Dispersion Model
◦ Adsorption Model
Yue Wang - Modelling of an IGCC power plant
◦ Heat recovery steam generator
◦ Gas turbine and heat recovery module
12. Model being developed for the removal of CO2
from a H2/CO2 gas mixture by adsorption
High CO2 content compared to post-combustion processes
High pressure – favours physisorption
Hierarchical model developed in gPROMS
Based on Axial Dispersed Plug Flow Model
Current model looks at an Adsorption system for
the separation of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen
Literature review of CO2/N2 Adsorption Models
on Zeolite 13X
13. Equations
Component Mass Balance
Use of overall Mass balance:
Adsorption rate equation (Linear Driving Force):
Equilibrium Isotherm (Langmuir):
14. Temperature, Pressure and Transport Properties
◦ Thermal Operating Modes
Isothermal
Adiabatic
Non-isothermal
◦ Momentum Balance
No pressure drop
Ergun’s Equation
Darcy’s Equation
◦ Mass Balance Coefficients:
Mass transfer coefficient
Dispersion coefficient
Diffusivity
◦ Heat Balance Coefficients:
Heat transfer coefficient
15. Fixed bed for removal of CO2
from a N2 flow
Capable of controlling
pressure, input flowrates and
temperature
Limited to 200° and 25 barg
C
Maximum CO2 content of 25%
restricted by the CO2 analyser
Main output is CO2 mole
fraction
16.
17. A simplified model was established where no
adsorption takes place
Allows ability to validate model to be tested
Tests the response of the entire experimental system
Assumes system to be isothermal with no pressure drop
Empirical models looking at response of the
system without the bed were established
Experiments run with bed filled with glass beads
Model Parameters identical to experiment (i.e. bed size,
flowrates etc.)
18. 0.1
0.08
CO2 Mole Fraction
0.06
Flowrate (ml/min) 8.5
Pressure (barg) 25 Experimental Output
CO2 Mole Fraction 0.1 Model Output
0.04
Estimated Dispersion 2.75 x 10-6
Coefficient (m2s-1)
Literature Dispersion ≃10-6
0.02
Coefficient (m2s-1)
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Time (s)
19. More complex model developed for simulation of
the adsorption step
Model Assumptions
1. Fluid flow is governed by axially dispersed plug flow
model
2. Equilibrium relations are given by the Langmuir
Isotherm
3. MT rates are represented by LDF equations
4. Thermal effects are negligible
5. Pressure drop represented by Ergun Equation
Parameters Estimated
Dispersion coefficient, Langmuir Isotherm parameters
All other parameters match experiment conditions
20. 0.12
0.1
CO2 Mole Fraction
0.08
Experimental Output
Model Output
0.06
Flowrate (ml/min) 8.5
0.04
Pressure (barg) 25
CO2 Mole Fraction 0.1
0.02
Bed length (cm) 7.7
Experimental Adsorption 3.3
Capacity (mmol/g)
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Time (s)
21. Parameters Estimated:
◦ Langmuir Isotherm Parameters:
◦ Dispersion Coefficient
Literature results vary widely for Isotherm parameters and often do not
give Dispersion Coefficient values
Start point for parameter estimation severely affects estimated value
Parameter Range Closest Fit
Dispersion Coefficient (m2s-1) 8.2x10-7 1.1x10-4 8.2x10-7
A (N2) (mol kg-1 Pa-1) 4.4x10-7 3.1x10-5 4.4x10-7
B (N2) Pa-1) 5.5x10-7 1.4x10-5 5.5x10-7
A (CO2) (mol kg-1 Pa-1) 1.9x10-5 6.5x10-4 1.9x10-5
B (CO2) (Pa-1) 5.4x10-6 5.0x10-4 5.4x10-6
CO2 Adsorption Capacity (mol kg-1) 1.29 3.61 3.61
22. Validation of estimated parameters
by testing them against a shorter
bed
Glass
Experiment repeated with 5g Beads
adsorbent instead of 18g, the
remainder filled with glass beads
All other conditions kept the same
Zeolite 13X
Dispersion model used for glass
bead part and adsorption model CO2/N2
Mixture
for 5g adsorbent part
23. 0.12
0.1
0.08
CO2 Mole Fraction
0.06
Flowrate (ml/min) 8.5 Experimental Output
Pressure (barg) 25
0.04 Model Output
CO2 Mole Fraction 0.1
Bed Length (cm) 2.4
0.02
Experimental Adsorption 2.8
Capacity (mmol/g)
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Time (s)
24. Parameter Full Bed Best Estimate Short Bed Best Estimate
Dispersion Coefficient 8.2x10-7 8.2x10-7
(m2s-1)
A (N2) (mol kg-1 Pa-1) 4.4x10-7 4.4x10-7
B (N2) Pa-1) 5.5x10-7 5.5x10-7
A (CO2) (mol kg-1 Pa-1) 1.9x10-5 4.5x10-5
B (CO2) (Pa-1) 5.4x10-6 2.5x10-5
CO2 Adsorption 3.61 1.81
Capacity (mol kg-1)
Dispersion coefficients and Nitrogen Langmuir constants kept constant as they
approached their bounds
Other models fit adsorption capacity closer but with significantly different
parameters
25. Hierarchy model developed based on axial
dispersed plug flow model
Simplistic dispersion only model validated
More complex adsorption model able to
mimic experimental work
◦ 5 parameters estimated to give very close
approximations to experiments
26. Adsorption Model
Improve parameter estimation
Implement energy balance
Pre-Combustion Model
Switch system to using Activated Carbon adsorbent
Move towards conditions found in pre-combustion
capture (i.e. Hydrogen)
Produce cyclic PSA model
Power Plant Model
Complete carbon capture unit model
Combine model together with power plant model
27. Dr Joe Wood - Introduction
◦ Project overview
◦ Modelling objectives
Simon Caldwell - Modelling of carbon capture at IGCC Power
Plants
◦ Dispersion Model
◦ Adsorption Model
Yue Wang - Modelling of an IGCC power plant
◦ Heat recovery steam generator
◦ Gas turbine and heat recovery module
28. Figure1. Simplified IGCC power plant procedure
Key modules for IGCC process:
a.GEM with auxiliary systems:Coal feed, ASU, Gasifier, WGS;
b.Combined cycle system: Gas turbine, Heat recovery boiler, steam
turbine.
29. Coal slurry feed system
Pulverize coal to 5mm particles and mixed with water to feed coal
slurry to the gasifier.
Coal mill model has been developed from our previous work.
30. ASU unit in IGCC power plant
• Supplies oxygen to gasification island/ sulphur removal processes
• Optimal integration with gas turbine –efficiency
31. ASU unit in IGCC power plant
Figure3 simplified ASU unit
32. The GEM (Gasification Enabled Module )unit
• Use coal slurry oxygen and air to produce syngas;
• CO shift promotes the CO2 content in syngas and prepare for
the PSA removal;
• Supply HP &LP steam to HRSG.
33. CO+H O CO +H -41MJ/kmol
2 2 2
•Water gas shift reaction provide high partial
pressure of CO2 preferred in PSA system
• Improved hydrogen extraction; • Direct contact gas / liquid exchange
• Increased power output through improved where water flows against a gas
gasification waste heat recovery. stream passing upwards;
• Considerably aid waste heat recover
• Main model based on gas and solid and lower costs, and is especially
phase mass balance and energy advantageous in a shifted scheme
conservation; • All of the cooling train heat exchang
are liquid – liquid making them much
• Chemical reaction submodel
smaller and cheaper
inculdes devolatilization and
drying,
homogeneous reactions and
heterogeneous reactions;
Figure 4 the GEM unit
• Heat transfer submodel;
• Slag layer submodel.
35. Gas turbine mathematical model:
The Compressor (Isentropic) block increases the pressure of
an incoming flow to a given outlet pressure. It determines
the thermodynamic state of the outgoing flow along with the
compressor's required mechanical power consumption at a
given isentropic efficiency.
The realized output mass flow rate
A characteristic time is used to delay the mass flow.
36. Gas turbine mathematical model:
Mixes two fluids with or without phase change. The
Mixer block calculates temperature, composition and
pressure after an adiabatic mixing of two fluids. The
output enthalpy is the sum of the input enthalpies.
The pressure of the resulting flow
Pressure loss
K is the pressure loss factor
37. Gas turbine mathematical model:
The Reactor block computes the outgoing flow bus (FB)
after one reaction, a heat exchange with the environment
and a pressure loss. Heat exchange with the surrounding
environment is taken into account. In general, the
outgoing flow is not in chemical equilibrium as the Reactor
performs a chemical reaction depending on a rate of
reaction.
38. Gas turbine mathematical model:
The Turbine (Isentropic) block decreases the pressure
of an incoming flow to a given outlet pressure. It
determines the thermodynamic state of the outgoing
flow along with the produced mechanical power at a
given isentropic efficiency.
Subscripts, ‘s’ and ‘ac’ states for isentropic
and actual change of state.
h3 h4'
oi Turbine is adiabatic and used with gaseous flows
h3 h4
39.
40. This heat exchanger support counter flow
The Heat Exchanger block calculates the change
of state of two media caused by indirect heat
exchange.
It is assumed, that this heat transfer rate is constant
over the area of the heat exchanger or it represents a
mean of the heat exchange rate.
To approximate the dynamic thermal behavior of
the block, the heat exchanger is assumed to have a
thermal mass
The heat exchange with environment is divided in four
parts:
both thermal masses (for flow 1 and flow 2) exchange
heat with environment,
Each of the two flows entering the heat exchanger exchange heat with environment.
both output flows exchanges heat with its own
thermal mass, The two thermal masses are not interacting, but they have a term
representing the heat exchange with environment.
41. • to complete the whole system modelling
• implementation of the model to software
environment;
• integrate the model with CCS process model.