Presentation by Miguel Angel Morales, PEMEX at the 2015 CCUS Workshop for CO2 Storage, January 22 at the University of Sonora, Hermosillo

1. Life Cycle Analysis for PEMEXLife Cycle Analysis for PEMEX
EOR-COEOR-CO22-CCS Project in-CCS Project in
Southern MexicoSouthern Mexico
Study case: CO2 from venting gas of
petrochemical processes
INTRODUCTION TO CAPTURE, USE AND GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO2
January 22-23 2015
University of Sonora, Hermosillo
SUPPORTED BY:
Dr. Miguel A. MoralesDr. Miguel A. Morales
M.M.
Vice ManagerVice Manager
EnvironmentalEnvironmental
ProtectionProtection
PEMEX

2. SUPPORTED BY:
I. Introduction
I.1. Background
• What is life cycle assessment (LCA) ?
• Used as a midpoint indicator or a single indicator: the Carbon Footprint
• LCA and Life Cycle Inventory CO2-EOR (World and Mexico)
• Campo Artesa-Sitio Grande
• Ammonia process
II. Goal of study
III. Methodology
II.1. Scope, boundary system and functional unit
II.2.Estimation life cycle inventory CO2: Raw material (Natural gas Offshore
platform) to transforming process (Refining and Petrochemical)
IV. Results
V. Conclusion and recommendations

3. SUPPORTED BY:
Life Cycle of a productLife Cycle of a product
CO2eq
CO2eq
CO2eq
CO2eq
CO2eq
CO2eq
CO2eq
CO2eq
CO2eq
CO2eq
CO2: waste or co-product ?
Raw
material
Raw
material
Manufacture
Use
Recycling
Use
Use
Raw
material

4. SUPPORTED BY:
Life Cycle Assessment: “Cradle to grave”
Environmental impact (EI)
EI ΔEI+ ΔEI ΔEI++ + ∑∑EI
Raw
material
/ Manufacture

5. SUPPORTED BY:
First step: The Life Cycle Inventory
The basic structure

6. Second step: Life Cycle Impact Assessment
(Model (ReCiPe): Flow of matter and energyFlow of matter and energy
- Based on 1 “single issue”: the Carbon FootprintCarbon Footprint (CO2 e)
First step:
The Life Cycle Inventory
e

7. SUPPORTED BY:
 Hertwich et al. (2008) does a LCA to assess the environmental impacts of the a Combined Cycle
power plant with a gross power output of 832 MW, which combined with CO2 capture plant based
on a post-combustion. The captured CO2 is used for EOR in a offshore platform.
 Jaramillo et al (2009) CO2-EOR Projects Modeled to four case: Northeast Purdy, SACROC,
Ford Geraldine, and Joffre Viking. Also, modeled a case Electric Power Plant with CO2 Capture,
and CO2 transport via pipeline. They calculated that between 3.7 and 4.7 metric tons of CO2 are
emitted for very metric ton of CO2 injected.
 Suebsiri, J. (2010) Carbon capture and storage (CCS) environmental evaluation was carried out
via LCA in Weyburn-Midale CO2-EOR Project in Saskatchewan, Canada.
 Manuilova, A. (2011) LCA in a CCS- power plant (882 Mwe) with a CO2 post-combustion capture
unit, CO2 pipeline transport, CO2-EOR operations and storage Saskatchewan, Canada.
 Hussain et al. (2013) carried out a comparative study of the inventory of life cycle GHG of several
systems of EOR in US. Reported performance of 0.34 tCO2/bbl for Natural Gas Combined Cycle
plants as a source of CO2.
 Corsten et al. (2013) 26 literature estudies LCA. CCS results in a net reduction of the GWP of
power plants through their life cycle in the order of 65–84% (Pulverized coal-CCS), 68–87%
(Integrated gasification CC-CCS), 47–80% (NGCC-CCS), and 76–97% (Oxyfuel)
World: Life Cycle Assessment and LC Inventory CO2-EOR

8. SUPPORTED BY:
System boundaries of 26 literature studies LCA-CCU (EOR)
Stabilization scenarios of the IEA (450 ppm CO2eq or 2 degree scenario) require a 43 Gt CO2
reduction and forecast that CCS technologies could contribute to a 21% or 14% decrease in
emissions (Corsten et al. 2013; EIA, 2014, respectively).
13 studies
13 studies
1 study: LCI CO2
26 studies
CCS-Climatic Change
e

9. SUPPORTED BY:
 Stanley & Moises (2012) performed an LCA of a coal fired power plant with
capture and storage in Mexico. Three case studies. 10 midpoint categories
was evaluated. Marine ecotoxicity was the category that most environmental
impact registered, followed by global warming. They concluded CCS it is able
to reduce the GWP of the power plant by 75 %.
 Lacy et al. (2013) counting anthropogenic CO2 source (PEMEX-CFE) in Gulf
of Mexico and analyzes their potential for future CCUS with EOR projects,
due to the proximity to oil fields
Mexico: Life Cycle Assessment and Inventory CO2-EOR
There is not a study in the whole chain value about life cyclelife cycle
assessmentassessment of CO2 emissions as source for use in the EOR Project
for Mexico.
The amount of studies addressing the environmental impacts of deploying
CCS in the sector is rather limited and and the focus of this study remains on
the power sector (Corsten et al. 2013).

10. SUPPORTED BY:
Injecting CO2 from natural source (Carmito field) to Artesa-
Sitio Grande.
Source: PEP, Activo Integral 5 Presidentes
11.7 MMpcd

11. SUPPORTED BY:
CO2 emission sources in a typical Ammonia plant
(Cosoleacaque Petrochemical Complex)
PEMEX:
CO2: 97.5 % mol
1780 t/d
Yield: 1:1.35 (P:CO2)
Primary
reformer
Secondary
reformer
Methanation
& dryers
Shift & CO2
removal
Magnetite
synthesis
Compression
Purge gas
recovery
Feed dry
gasa
&
steam
Air CO2
NH3
product
CO2 in
flue gas
to fuel Loop purge
a: The dry gas comes from the southeastern marine region
14.7 MMt CO2/yfrom combustion field fuel
1.8 MMtCO2/y venting gas process (Ammonia plant)…..CFC Refinery
2012: Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlán-Tabasco region
CO2
capture

12. SUPPORTED BY:
Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, Coffeyville, Kansas
2012: 643,800 t/y Ammonia-Urea
Source: CVR Partners LC
850,000
t/y CO2
PEMEX:
Cosoleacaque 2013:
1,252,000 t/y
Chaparral Energy
Oil field: North Burbank Unit (NBU),
Oklahoma (9305 ha)
Capital investment: US $250 million
Third largest
CO2 EOR operator in the US
Pipeline: 8ӯ de 108 km
Volumen: 60 MMcf/d CO2
Compressor: 23,500 HP
Estimating: Recovery oil 88 millions
bbl (10-15 %) or 8035 bbl/d.
650,000 CO2-EOR

13. SUPPORTED BY:
I. 2. Goal of the study
• Understand environmental implications from life cycle perspective of
the EOR or CCUS process
• Assess, estimate, and compare the CO2 emissions associated with
the life cycle from offshore platform (Cantarell) considering all the
steps necessary to the transformation processes (Refining and
Petrochemical) of recovered oil
• To know the factor of the metric tons of CO2e that are emitted for
every metric ton of CO2 injected at the field
• Analyze the environmental performance of the ammonia plant with
and without EOR-CO2 although life cycle assessment (LCA)

14. SUPPORTED BY:
Outline GGH emissions oil and gas industry (API, 2009)
Trajectory and length of pipelines to estimate GHG
emissions by transportation of natural gas, dry gas, CO2,
and oil
II. MethodsRaw Material
Transport
Manufacture
SUPPORTED BY:

15. SUPPORTED BY:
Emissions GHG = DA • FE
Where:
DA = Data of activities
EF = Emission factor by the considerer source
The EF were adjusted based on the relative concentrations
of CH4 and CO2 (Gas) to estimate CO2 emissions.
Emissions of GHG (CO2e) = DA • FE • GWP
• Norm ISO-14064: “Greenhouse gases — Part 1: Specification with guidance at the
organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and
removals (ISO, 2006) and ISO 14040: Environmental management, life cycle
assessment, principles and framework (ISO, 2006).
• Our study exclude the associates emissions for the all infrastructure necessary to the
project.
• Functional unit (LCA): 1 t Ammonia
• Metric report: tCO2e generated/tCO2 injected at the field
Estimating the emission according guideline API (2009)
II. Methods

16. 16
Systems boundary Life Cycle Inventory Cinco Presidentes EOR project (Norm ISO-14040)
14 stages
Life cycle stage definition of the Cinco President project.
16 stages
(497 km)
e

17. Number 5
Ammonia plant
Sampling CO2 to Pilot test
Number 6

18. SUPPORTED BY:
III. Result
Stages Sceneries
tCO2e/CO2 injected
at the field
From Oil and gas
Marine NE Region (Cantarell) until
Ammonia plant
Business as Usual
(Ammonia production)
Nine stages
1.22
From Ammonia plant to Cinco
Presidentes oil field
Project
Three stages
0.004
From Oil and gas
Marine NE Region (Cantarell) until
refined petroleum products
(Minatitlan Refinery)
Project include
15 stages
1.99
From offshore platform (Cantarell)
to the transformation processes of
oil recovery (Refining and
Petrochemical)
Include all chain value
(16 stages) and 497.9
km of pipeline
2.86
Summary of the estimating GHG emission by stages

19. SUPPORTED BY:
Life Cycle GHG Emissions 5P EOR: Offshore based oil producing platform-to-Refinery-Petrochemical
16 stages
(497 km)
e
2.86 tCO2e/tCO2
inyected at the field
e

20. SUPPORTED BY:
Gate-to-gate: Ammonia plant to Cinco Presidentes
EOR project
Pipeline CO2
transport
(CPC to CP
field)
CO2
compression
(Operation
EOR in CP
field)
CO2
compressio
n
(CPC to
Cinco
Presidente
field)
Oil from EOR in
Cinco Pres idente
field
0.0012 0.0003 0.0029 CO2
Ammonia
plant
(CPC)
CO2
emissions NH3
0.004 tCO2e/tCO2 injected at the field0.004 tCO2e/tCO2 injected at the field
e

21. SUPPORTED BY:
0.169
0.008 0.002 0.006 0.004
0.174
0.006 0.004
0.852
0.003 0.000 0.001
0.172
0.000
0.587
0.882
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
1.000
tCO2e/tCO2inyected
Contribution GHG emission by activities along 16 stages

22. Contribution net GHG emissions by principal activities
SUPPORTED BY:

23. SUPPORTED BY:
LCA Ammonia process (Midpoint)
BAU vs. CO2-EOR Cinco Presidentes Project

24. SUPPORTED BY:
Percentage change of the environmental impacts in midpoint categories
in the Ammonia plant at A and B scenarios
Midpoint categories Unit
Ammonia
Coso (BAU)
Scenario A
Ammonia Coso
(CO2-EOR Cinco
Presidentes
Project) Scenario
B
% change of
environmental
impact B vs A
Climate change kg CO2 eq 2394.40 1388.40 42.01
Ozone depletion kg CFC-11 eq 0.00 0.00 0.000
Terrestrial acidification kg SO2 eq 1.61 1.61 -0.0004
Freshwater eutrophication kg P eq 0.00 0.00 0.0000
Marine eutrophication kg N eq 0.07 0.07 -0.0002
Human toxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 7.45 7.45 0.0000
Photochemical oxidant formation kg NMVOC 2.42 2.42 -0.0001
Particulate matter formation kg PM10 eq 0.53 0.53 -0.0003
Terrestrial ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 0.00 0.00 0.0000
Freshwater ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 0.04 0.04 0.0000
Marine ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 0.05 0.05 0.0000
Ionising radiation kBq U235 eq 7.12 7.12 0.0000
Agricultural land occupation m2a 0.00 0.00 0.0000
Urban land occupation m2a 0.01 0.01 0.0000
Natural land transformation m2 0.00 0.00 0.0000
Water depletion m3 45.43 45.43 0.0000
Metal depletion kg Fe eq 4.93 4.93 0.0000
Fossil depletion kg oil eq 1096.21 1096.21 0.0000

25. SUPPORTED BY:
Comparison Sankey diagram with and without EOR-CO2 Project
Scenario Business as usual (BAU).
1.9 tCO2/tNH3
Scenario with EOR-CO2 Project.
0.97 tCO2/tNH3

26. SUPPORTED BY:
LCA Ammonia process
Contribution analysis for GWP by each scenario and
CO2 avoided
1.006
1.21
-1.006 -1.21
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Without CO2-EOR Project - No
LCA
Without CO2-EOR Project -
LCA
With CO2-EOR
Project-No LCA
With CO2-EOR
Project - LCA
tCO2e/tNH3
CO2 to EOR (CO2 avoided)
CO2 transport
CO2 vented
CO2 fuel combustion

27. SUPPORTED BY:
IV. Conclusion and recommendations
 The use of CO2 venting from manufacture processes to CO2-EOR systems, registered
lower carbon footprint
 The most of the power plants need post-combustion capture that demand a
strong energy load and solvents
 The net emission of the LCI from offshore platform to the transformation
processes of oil (16 stages) by CO2-EOR was 2.82 tCO2e/tCO2 injected.
 The GHG emissions from the ammonia plant until the future EOR operation in CP,
were of 0.004 tCO2e/tCO2 injected. This value is less than the one of 0.006
tCO2e/tCO2 injected, according to our own estimates by the CO2-EOR for the NBU
field in Oklahoma
 CO2-EOR Cinco Presidentes project results in a net reduction of the GWP of
ammonia plant through their life cycle in the order of 42%.
 The ratio CO2-NH3, will change of 1.9 to 0.97 tCO2/tNH3. The neutralization of the
CO2 emission could reach 0.99 to 1.4 million tons CO2 per year.

28. SUPPORTED BY:
Thanks for your time!!!
Email: miguel.angel.moralesmo@pemex.com
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration's
(October-2014)