Women empowerment refers to women gaining strength and confidence, especially regarding their lives and rights. While women made up 15% of the total workforce in the 19th century, holding roles such as teachers and factory workers, they faced barriers to advancement. Today in India, women comprise just 24.8% and 14.7% of the rural and urban workforces, respectively. Modern challenges for women in corporations include the glass ceiling effect which limits advancement, the gender pay gap where women on average earn 27% less than men, and sexual harassment. Government policies aim to promote training programs and economic empowerment to address these issues facing working women.

1. WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
IN
CORPORATES

3. WHAT IS WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT?
The process of women becoming
stronger and more confident,
especially in controlling one's life
and claiming one's rights.

4. 19th Century:
• Advent of the Industrial Revolution, lead to the
employment of women as workers.
• Women were 15% of the total work force
• Two-thirds of teachers were women.
• Women could also be found in unexpected places
as iron and steel works ,mines sawmills oil wells
and refineries etc.

5. Women Working in the mines
A Woman working in the
cloth mill

6. • Their role was not defined as workers or money
makers.
• The society started educating more and more young
women.
• In the United States, it was World War I that made
space for women in the workforce, amongst other
economical and social influences.

8. • The increase of women in the labor force of Western
countries gained momentum in the late 19th century.
• The reasons for this big jump in the 1970s has been
attributed to widespread access to the birth control pill.
• The Quiet Revolution- not a "big bang" revolution;
• It happened and is continuing to happen gradually.

9. A Waitress in Seattle
Women working as
customer operators.

10. Women in Today’s Indian Scenario.
• Findings of the National Sample Survey (68th
Round) results indicated that in 2011-2012,
24.8 of every 100 women worked in rural
areas. The corresponding number when it
came to men was 54.3.
• In urban areas, to every 54.6 employed men,
there were just 14.7 working women.

11. THE GLASS CEILING EFFECT
• An invisible barrier that keeps a given
demographic (typically applied to women) from
rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy.

14. THE PAY GAP
• Amid a raging debate over gender pay gap globally,
a new report shows the figure for India stands as
high as 27 per cent, where men earned a median
gross hourly salary of Rs. 288.68, while women
earned Rs, 207.85 per hour.
• Preference for male employees over female
employees
• Statistics show that it will take at least 70 years from
now for the gap to close.

16. Problems Faced
By Women

17. Family Responsibilities
Societal pressure
Mindset
expectations

18. “MALE CHAUVINISM
STARTED WHEN THEY
INVENTED THAT GOD WAS
A MAN”
-LUIS VIDALES

19.  Education
 Jobs allocated
 Distribution of
payment

20. TYPES OF SEX
DISCRIMINATION:
1)Direct
2)Indirect

21. SEXUAL
HARASSEMENT

22. It is a behavior where unwelcome sexual
advances, requests for sexual favors, and
other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual
nature occur at workplace.
 Workplace sexual harassment is one of the
most difficult and insidious issue to tackle,
because victims are so often in a position of
vulnerability, afraid of damaging their carrers
or even losing their jobs altogether.
SEXUAL HARRASMENT AT WORKPLACE

30. CHALLENGES TO WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT IN
CORPORATES

39. T

40. I

45. GOVERNMENT POLICIES
EMPOWERING WORKING WOMEN
• Support To Training & Employment Program
For Women (STEP)
• Rashtriya Mahila Kosh
• Priyadarshini
• Gender Budgeting and Economic
Empowerment of Women
• The Scheme of Working Women Hostel