One can Simulate Wireless Sensor network using NetSim (http://www.tetcos.com/ ) Network Simulator follow this link for more Details http://www.tetcos.com/

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NetSim v9Network Simulation/Emulation Platform
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Wireless Sensor Networks

2. NetSim
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Wireless Sensor Network
“A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless
network consisting of spatially distributed
autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively
monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as
temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or
pollutants, at different locations.”

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Wireless Sensor Networks
• Formed by hundreds or thousands of sensors that communicate with each
other and pass data along from one to another
• Research done in this area focus mostly on reducing power consumption and
battery life extension of sensors.

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A world of sensors

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• 802.15.4 standard specifies the PHY and MAC layer for low rate personal area networks
• Ideal for communication between sensors because this standard
– Focused on low-cost low-power communication between devices
– Can work no underlying infrastructure (no routers, switches, base stations etc)
• Approx 10m coverage range with transfer rate of 250Kbps
• Collision avoidance through CSMA/CA
• Frequencies
– 868 - 915 MHz
– 2.4 GHz – ISM band and free worldwide
Introduction to WSN / IEEE 802.15.4 WR-PAN

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Components of WSN in NetSim
• Sink node
– The principal controller in WSN
– Sensors send the sensed data to the sink
• Sensor
- An abstract entity that can sense any physical phenomena such as temperature,
pressure, light, etc.
• Agent
- An abstraction for the physical phenomenon being sensed
Any WSN has two components, the sensing part and the network communication part. NetSim
is agnostic to the sensing part and only simulates the network communication

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Deployment

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IEEE 802.15.4 operational modes

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SuperFrame Structure

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The structure of a superframe is defined by two parameters:
– macBeaconOrder (BO)
– macSuperframeOrder (SO)
SuperFrame Contd..

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• macBeaconOrder (BO): this attribute describes the interval at which the
coordinator must transmit beacon frames. The value of the
macBeaconOrder and the Beacon Interval (BI) are related as follows:
•
macSuperframeOrder (SO): this attributes describes the length of the active
portion of the superframe, which includes the beacon frame. The value of
the macSuperframeOrder and the Superframe Duration

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Beacon Enabled Mode
• If SO = BO
⇒SD = BI
Hence the superframe is always active.(no Inactive Period)
• According to the IEEE standard, if SO=BO =15 , then the superframe shall not exist and the
network will operate in the non beacon-enabled mode.

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CSMA/CA Algorithm

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Data Link Layer Parameters
Parameter Standard Name Standard Value
Beacon Order BO [0 to 15]
SuperFrame Order SO [0 to 15]
Base SuperFrame Duration aBaseSuperframeDuration 15.36 milliseconds
Min Backoff Exponent macMinBE 3
Max Backoff Exponent aMaxBE 5
Max Frame Retries aMaxframeRetries 3
Max CSMA Backoffs macMaxCSMABackoffs 4

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PHY Parameters
Parameter Standard Value
Frequency Band 2.4 GHz
Chip Rate 2000 McPS
Symbol Rate 62.5 kSymbolsPS
Modulation Technique O-QPSK
Unit Backoff Time 20 Symbols
Turn Around Time 12 Symbols
Transmitter Power 100 mW
Sensor Range 100 m
Receiver Sensitivity -85 dbm
ED Threshold -95 dbm

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• Wireless Sensor nodes are designed to operate in very low data rate
• The sensor is in sleep mode most of the time
• Perform sensing and communication when needed
• Moderate power consumption in active mode and very low power consumption in sleep
mode
• Improve lifetime of the network
Power Model and Energy Harvesting in WSN

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Power Model Metrics

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References
1. Specification-based Intrusion Detection for Home Area Networks in Smart Grids
Paria Jokar, Hasen Nicanfar, Victor C.M. Leung Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering The University of British Columbia
2. ZigBee for Building Control Wireless Sensor Networks
Fabio L. Zucatto1,2, Clecio A. Biscassi2 Ferdinando Monsignore2, Francis Fidélix2,
Samuel Coutinho2, and Mônica L. Rocha1
3. ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Applications in Industrial
Shizhuang Lin1, Jingyu Liu2 and Yanjun Fang3 Department of Automation, Wuhan
University