ROLE OF MICROWAVE PHOTONICS IN REALIZING 5G NETWORKS

1. SCEM 1
ROLE OF MICROWAVE PHOTONICS
IN REALIZING 5G NETWORKS
Presented by
Devakumar.K.P
4SF12EC034
Guided by
Mr. Prasanna Kumar C
Associate Professor, ECE Dept.

2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Optimal disruptive technologies
3. Microwave photonics and 5G
4. Small cell architecture
5. Utilization of mmWave spectrum
6. Massive MIMO
7. Conclusion
8. References
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3. INTRODUCTION
• 5G promises high data rate
• But data traffic will be 1000-fold
• Incremental evolution of system is insufficient
• Several disruptive technologies will be a key
• Microwave photonic technologies may help
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4. OPTIMAL DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
• Incorporating small cell architecture
• Utilizing mmWave spectrum
• Realizing massive MIMO
• None of these are new technology
• But implementing them in in 5G network present number of problems
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5. SCEM 5
Overview of communication technologies needed to realize challenges of 5G cellular networks

6. MICROWAVE PHOTONICS AND 5G
• Microwave Photonics is a
multidisciplinary field
• Fig. show RF over fiber
architecture
– CO – Central office
– RN – Remote Node
• Fiber is used for distribution
• Utilizes properties of photonics
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Integrated photonics/mmWave wireless
system providing remote wireless access

7. SMALL-CELLARCHITECTURE
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• Cell
• Small cells
• DAS

8. DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems)
• Fiber is used to distribute the signals
• Extends the range and capacity
• First radio signals to optical signals
• Then transmitted via optical fiber
• Optical signal is converted back into the
RF
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DAS providing coverage within a building

9. RADIO OVER FIBER (RoF)
• Light is modulated by a radio signal
• Radio signals are carried over fiber-optic cable
• RoF has several salient features, including
– Simpler ARUs (as no frequency up conversion is required)
– Centralized frequency channel management
– Central office (CO) equipment sharing
– Capability to readily support multiple wideband signals.
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10. • Helps to achieve significant increase in data rates and traffic
• Enable better frequency efficiency (reuse)
• Energy and cost reduction
• This have been utilized migrate dead spots in large cell and hot spots
• Microwave photonics has played a role in the development of small-cell
wireless systems
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11. UTILIZATION OF MMWAVE SPECTRUM
• Microwave cellular systems have precious little spectrum
• Around 600 MHz are currently in use, divided among operators
• Either refarm spectrum or use enormous amount of spectrum at
mmWave frequencies ranging from 3 to 300 GHz
• Lower-frequency spectrum near the current 4G bands would provide an
easier progression to 5G
• This would also ensure backward compatibility for 5G.
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12. • The mmWave frequency band is a “sweet spot” for RF over
fiber
• mmWave signal with broadband data can be easily transported
over large distances with minimal loss.
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13. • By reusing the same wavelength in
both directions, scarce wavelength
resources can be efficiently
allocated.
• In addition, if high-power sources
are available, a number of network
segments connected to the central
office via separate fiber plants can
share the same optical sources.
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ARU architecture introduced to reduce the component count.

14. UTILIZATION OF MMWAVE SPECTRUM
• Multi-gigabit transmission rates
• Increased spectral efficiency
• Yields short distances
• Works very well with small-cell
• Highly directive antennas
• Frequency reuse
• Ensure backward compatibility for 5G.
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15. MASSIVE MIMO
• Present day networks, which utilize a somewhat low-order version
• Massive MIMO discuss base stations with thousands of antenna elements
and large phased arrays as the ARUs
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16. SCEM 16
• In fact, the U.S. Defence
Advanced Research Projects
Agency (DARPA)
• Antennas more cost-effective
• Typical military
specifications
• Using UAV to create high
speed network

17. • Microwave photonics can play a
role in the new ARUs. If phased-
array technology is really going
to proceed, photonics could be
incorporated within the beam
forming .
• Figure shows an example of a
phased-array system attempting
to create a multisystem shared
aperture that utilizes coarse
photonic beam forming. .
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A schematic of a multipurpose phased array.
EA: electronic attack
ES: electronic surveillance.

18. • Microwave photonics would enable some of the processing to
be moved away from the ARU to a centralized point
• Help in terms of sharing overall costs and thermal management.
• It may be possible to provide a multibeam solution using
wavelength-division multiplexing.
• At the very least, photonics will be used to transmit all the
accumulated data to and from the ARUs.
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19. CONCLUSIONS
• Some of the disruptive technologies necessary to meet 5G traffic and
data-rate
• In particular small-cell architectures, the exploitation of the mmWave
spectra, and massive MIMO at the ARUs/base stations.
• Microwave photonics may help realize the architectures required to make
the next-generation 5G network a reality.
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20. REFERENCES
[1] Rodney Waterhouse and Dalma Novak, “Realizing 5G”,IEEE Microwave magazine,
September 2015
[2] F. Boccardi, R. W. Heath, Jr., A. Lozano, T. L. Marzetta, and P. Popovski, “Five
disruptive technology directions for 5G,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, pp. 74–80,
Feb. 2014.
[3] A. L. Swidlehurst, E. Ayanogolu, P. Heydari, and F. Capolino, “Millimeter-wave
massive MIMO: The next wireless revolution?” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, pp.
56–62, Sept. 2014.
[4] V. Jungnickel, K. Manolakis, W. Zirwas, B. Panzner, V. Braun, M. Lossow, M.
Sternad, R. Apelfrojd, and T. Svensson, “The role of small cells, coordinated
multipoint and massive MIMO in 5G,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, pp. 44–51,
May 2014.
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