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Why did the Communists win the Civil
War 1945-1949?
L/O – To identify the reasons why the CCP won the
2nd Civil War.
China in 1945
• When war ended in Aug 1945, the
CCP controlled most of the
countryside & the KMT was stuck
in Sichuan province.
• The war ended too soon for
Chiang. He was hoping that the
USA would send armies to China
to defeat the Japanese AND
communists.
• The CCP was already accepting
the surrender of the Japanese in
many areas and taking over.
‘The CCP had effectively
won the civil war by
1945.’
Do you agree? Explain
your opinions in details.
Think back to last lesson
China in 1945
• The Allies decided that Chiang
should be reinstated as ruler of
China. Even Stalin agreed to this.
• US Dakota planes rushed 110,000
KMT troops to the cities and bases
in the north to accept the
surrender of Japanese troops &
equipment before the Communists
could do so.
• In response the Communists
moved into Manchuria and
captured many ex-Japanese
weapons.
Why do you think Stalin
agreed to reinstate
Chiang rather than Mao
as leader of China?
Ceasefire?
• In Dec 1945, the USA sent General
Marshall to try to prevent a civil
war in China. He failed and war
broke out in early 1946.
• The Communists had 1.2m
members, 900,000 soldiers, 19
base areas, 90m population but
lacked heavy military equipment
and only 600 artillery pieces.
• KMT had 2.7m soldiers, 39 newly
trained divisions, x10 artillery and
large air force.
Was there any realistic
prospect of peace
cooperation between
the CCP & KMT after
the end of WW2?
1.) Early Setbacks, July 1946-May 1947
• The KMT immediately took the initiative
by launching an offensive which
captured most of the cities of Manchuria
except for Harbin in the far north.
• The CCP even lost their base at Yan’an.
KMT numbers, resources and air power
helped dramatically. Chiang committed
½ million of his best troops to capture
Manchuria.
• A renewed offensive by the KMT in Oct
1946 failed to break through PLA
defences.
1.) Early Setbacks, July 1946-May 1947
• After October 1946, the PLA
led by Lin Biao, began to adopt
an effective guerrilla warfare
strategy against the KMT.
• From rural bases, the PLA
ambushed KMT units, forcing
them to remain in the cities.
• Railway lines were then blown
up to cut the cities off from
supplies and reinforcements.
2.) Seizing the Initiative, May 1947-Nov 1948
• During this period, the PLA moved
from a strategy of guerrilla warfare
to one of conventional battles with
massed forces of infantry and
artillery.
• In June 1948, the PLA captured the
Yellow River valley, Shandong
Province and in October,
Manchuria finally fell.
• Chiang had lost over ½ million of
his best troops and was now on
the defensive.
Why was it
important to move
from guerrilla
warfare to
conventional
warfare?
3. The Final Stages, Dec 1948-Oct 1949
• Moving quickly to capitalise on
successes, the PLA launched an
offensive against the vital railway
junction of Xuzhou.
• The battle lasted 65 days with
600,000 on each side. Xuzhou
was captured in Jan 1949 along
with Beijing and Tianjin by Lin
Biao in the same month.
• By Feb 1949, the whole of
northern China was controlled
by the Communists.
3. The Final Stages, Dec 1948-Oct 1949
• After a rest, in April 1949, the PLA
attacked key cities on the Yangtzi
River, capturing Nanjing on 23rd April
and Shanghai in late May.
• Wuhan was captured in May and the
way to the south was now open. The
army then divided:
• Xi’an & Lanzhou captured in August.
• Guangzhou captured in October.
• Chongqing captured in November.
The People’s Republic of China (PRC)
• By late Sep 1949, most of China was
under Communist control.
• Mao called a conference in Beijing. 14
political parties were represented and
the conference elected members of
the new central government of the
People’s Republic of China (PRC).
• On 1st Oct 1949, Mao proclaimed the
founding of the PRC and he was
elected Chairman.
• Chiang Kai-Shek fled to the island of
Taiwan and established a KMT
government.
why_did_the_communists_win_the_civil_war.pptx

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why_did_the_communists_win_the_civil_war.pptx

  • 1. Why did the Communists win the Civil War 1945-1949? L/O – To identify the reasons why the CCP won the 2nd Civil War.
  • 2. China in 1945 • When war ended in Aug 1945, the CCP controlled most of the countryside & the KMT was stuck in Sichuan province. • The war ended too soon for Chiang. He was hoping that the USA would send armies to China to defeat the Japanese AND communists. • The CCP was already accepting the surrender of the Japanese in many areas and taking over. ‘The CCP had effectively won the civil war by 1945.’ Do you agree? Explain your opinions in details. Think back to last lesson
  • 3.
  • 4. China in 1945 • The Allies decided that Chiang should be reinstated as ruler of China. Even Stalin agreed to this. • US Dakota planes rushed 110,000 KMT troops to the cities and bases in the north to accept the surrender of Japanese troops & equipment before the Communists could do so. • In response the Communists moved into Manchuria and captured many ex-Japanese weapons. Why do you think Stalin agreed to reinstate Chiang rather than Mao as leader of China?
  • 5. Ceasefire? • In Dec 1945, the USA sent General Marshall to try to prevent a civil war in China. He failed and war broke out in early 1946. • The Communists had 1.2m members, 900,000 soldiers, 19 base areas, 90m population but lacked heavy military equipment and only 600 artillery pieces. • KMT had 2.7m soldiers, 39 newly trained divisions, x10 artillery and large air force. Was there any realistic prospect of peace cooperation between the CCP & KMT after the end of WW2?
  • 6. 1.) Early Setbacks, July 1946-May 1947 • The KMT immediately took the initiative by launching an offensive which captured most of the cities of Manchuria except for Harbin in the far north. • The CCP even lost their base at Yan’an. KMT numbers, resources and air power helped dramatically. Chiang committed ½ million of his best troops to capture Manchuria. • A renewed offensive by the KMT in Oct 1946 failed to break through PLA defences.
  • 7.
  • 8. 1.) Early Setbacks, July 1946-May 1947 • After October 1946, the PLA led by Lin Biao, began to adopt an effective guerrilla warfare strategy against the KMT. • From rural bases, the PLA ambushed KMT units, forcing them to remain in the cities. • Railway lines were then blown up to cut the cities off from supplies and reinforcements.
  • 9.
  • 10. 2.) Seizing the Initiative, May 1947-Nov 1948 • During this period, the PLA moved from a strategy of guerrilla warfare to one of conventional battles with massed forces of infantry and artillery. • In June 1948, the PLA captured the Yellow River valley, Shandong Province and in October, Manchuria finally fell. • Chiang had lost over ½ million of his best troops and was now on the defensive. Why was it important to move from guerrilla warfare to conventional warfare?
  • 11.
  • 12. 3. The Final Stages, Dec 1948-Oct 1949 • Moving quickly to capitalise on successes, the PLA launched an offensive against the vital railway junction of Xuzhou. • The battle lasted 65 days with 600,000 on each side. Xuzhou was captured in Jan 1949 along with Beijing and Tianjin by Lin Biao in the same month. • By Feb 1949, the whole of northern China was controlled by the Communists.
  • 13.
  • 14. 3. The Final Stages, Dec 1948-Oct 1949 • After a rest, in April 1949, the PLA attacked key cities on the Yangtzi River, capturing Nanjing on 23rd April and Shanghai in late May. • Wuhan was captured in May and the way to the south was now open. The army then divided: • Xi’an & Lanzhou captured in August. • Guangzhou captured in October. • Chongqing captured in November.
  • 15.
  • 16. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) • By late Sep 1949, most of China was under Communist control. • Mao called a conference in Beijing. 14 political parties were represented and the conference elected members of the new central government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). • On 1st Oct 1949, Mao proclaimed the founding of the PRC and he was elected Chairman. • Chiang Kai-Shek fled to the island of Taiwan and established a KMT government.

Editor's Notes

  1. Video = 1.30.18 – 1.53.32