Aviation emissions are rising, flight ticket prices don't reflect the climate impacts of flying, the ICAO carbon offsets scheme is insufficient to meet the 2 degree temperature goal set by the Paris Agreement at COP21. The Aviation industry needs to consider demand management to reduce emissions in accordance with the Paris Accord targets..
The aviation industry has experienced exponential growth over the past century, doubling in size every 15 years. In 2016, airlines carried 3.8 billion passengers and 53 million tonnes of freight. Aviation is a major contributor to the global economy, supporting 62.7 million jobs and $2.7 trillion in economic impact. It facilitates international trade and tourism, connecting people and cultures worldwide. The future of aviation looks bright, with passenger and freight traffic projected to more than double by 2034.
The document discusses transboundary pollution issues in Southeast Asia, specifically the annual haze caused by forest fires in Indonesia. It notes that the fires originate from slash-and-burn agricultural practices as well as land clearing by plantation companies. The worst fires occurred in 1997, spreading haze across multiple countries in the region and negatively impacting the health of over 70 million people. Peatland fires are of particular concern as the drainage and burning of peatlands releases large amounts of carbon emissions and threatens the global environment. Government intervention, farmers' land clearing practices, and companies' use of fires all contribute to the problem.
10 Things You Didn’t Know About Mobile Email from Litmus & HubSpotHubSpot
The document discusses key insights about mobile email usage and optimization. It shows that mobile email opens have grown 600% from 2011-2016, with over 70% of emails now being opened on mobile devices. When emails look bad on mobile, over 80% of users will still read them. The document provides tips for optimizing elements like preview text, links, text sizes, touch targets, and layouts for mobile. It also discusses different mobile email design approaches and resources for templates.
The document discusses the importance of connecting with buyers in an inbound way and how to execute the connect stage of the inbound sales methodology. It recommends defining buyer personas, outreach sequences for each persona, and personalized outreach content. It provides examples of developing buyer personas, sequences, and content for different lead sources like inbound leads and common connections. The document also provides examples of scripts for connect calls with different lead types and how to get buyer buy-in for longer exploratory conversations.
Modern Prospecting Techniques for Connecting with Prospects (from Sales Hacke...HubSpot
Sales is a difficult world to be in because buyers aren't putting up with salespeople anymore. Instead of helping and building relationships, sales reps are still focused on closing prospects - even when they aren't ready to buy! So buyers ignore them. Because of that, even great sales reps would be lucky to get on the phone with someone.
While buyers have evolved and become more sophisticated, sales reps and training programs have been slow to adapt to that change.
Learn actionable modern prospecting techniques you can apply immediately from two best selling authors and sales experts: Max Altschuler CEO of Sales Hacker, and Mark Roberge CRO of HubSpot.
Class 1: Email Marketing Certification course: Email Marketing and Your BusinessHubSpot
*From HubSpot Academy*
Over the past few decades, people have radically changed the way they live, work and buy. This class will give you an overview of an adaptive, inbound approach to sending emails that provide value and drive growth for your business. It will also teach you about the four big themes of a modern email marketing program: segmentation, personalization, mobile, and optimization.
The aviation industry has experienced exponential growth over the past century, doubling in size every 15 years. In 2016, airlines carried 3.8 billion passengers and 53 million tonnes of freight. Aviation is a major contributor to the global economy, supporting 62.7 million jobs and $2.7 trillion in economic impact. It facilitates international trade and tourism, connecting people and cultures worldwide. The future of aviation looks bright, with passenger and freight traffic projected to more than double by 2034.
The document discusses transboundary pollution issues in Southeast Asia, specifically the annual haze caused by forest fires in Indonesia. It notes that the fires originate from slash-and-burn agricultural practices as well as land clearing by plantation companies. The worst fires occurred in 1997, spreading haze across multiple countries in the region and negatively impacting the health of over 70 million people. Peatland fires are of particular concern as the drainage and burning of peatlands releases large amounts of carbon emissions and threatens the global environment. Government intervention, farmers' land clearing practices, and companies' use of fires all contribute to the problem.
10 Things You Didn’t Know About Mobile Email from Litmus & HubSpotHubSpot
The document discusses key insights about mobile email usage and optimization. It shows that mobile email opens have grown 600% from 2011-2016, with over 70% of emails now being opened on mobile devices. When emails look bad on mobile, over 80% of users will still read them. The document provides tips for optimizing elements like preview text, links, text sizes, touch targets, and layouts for mobile. It also discusses different mobile email design approaches and resources for templates.
The document discusses the importance of connecting with buyers in an inbound way and how to execute the connect stage of the inbound sales methodology. It recommends defining buyer personas, outreach sequences for each persona, and personalized outreach content. It provides examples of developing buyer personas, sequences, and content for different lead sources like inbound leads and common connections. The document also provides examples of scripts for connect calls with different lead types and how to get buyer buy-in for longer exploratory conversations.
Modern Prospecting Techniques for Connecting with Prospects (from Sales Hacke...HubSpot
Sales is a difficult world to be in because buyers aren't putting up with salespeople anymore. Instead of helping and building relationships, sales reps are still focused on closing prospects - even when they aren't ready to buy! So buyers ignore them. Because of that, even great sales reps would be lucky to get on the phone with someone.
While buyers have evolved and become more sophisticated, sales reps and training programs have been slow to adapt to that change.
Learn actionable modern prospecting techniques you can apply immediately from two best selling authors and sales experts: Max Altschuler CEO of Sales Hacker, and Mark Roberge CRO of HubSpot.
Class 1: Email Marketing Certification course: Email Marketing and Your BusinessHubSpot
*From HubSpot Academy*
Over the past few decades, people have radically changed the way they live, work and buy. This class will give you an overview of an adaptive, inbound approach to sending emails that provide value and drive growth for your business. It will also teach you about the four big themes of a modern email marketing program: segmentation, personalization, mobile, and optimization.
This document summarizes diversity data from HubSpot in 2016. It shows the breakdown of employees by gender, age, ethnicity, and management level across different departments. While diversity is still lacking, especially in technical roles and leadership, progress was made in 2016 with increases in female representation and hiring of underrepresented ethnic groups. Continued efforts are needed to create a more inclusive workforce.
Why People Block Ads (And What It Means for Marketers and Advertisers) [New R...HubSpot
HubSpot Research shares new data on why people use ad blockers and what marketers and advertisers need to do to keep people from blocking out ads completely. Hint: it's stop using interruptive and annoying ads.
3 Proven Sales Email Templates Used by Successful CompaniesHubSpot
76% of emails never get opened. That makes life for salespeople very difficult. So we've partnered up with Breakthrough Email to bring you email templates that are proven to engage prospects and close more deals. Start using them today and grow your revenue.
The lack of visible female role models is pervasive in the tech industry, particularly on Wikipedia, where just under 17% of Wikipedia biographies were on women. That's why HubSpot wrote fourteen Wikipedia entries for remarkable women in tech to help inspire young women to reach positions at the highest levels of STEM.
This document introduces the business development practice called "THRUSTER" devised by Growth Hack Studio to help businesses that are struggling with issues like stagnant sales or user growth. THRUSTER is meant to prevent teams from getting stuck in unproductive cycles and help them progress their projects more efficiently. It provides a framework that defines business stages, team roles and responsibilities, key deliverables, and meeting formats to structure the team's work and ensure they are focused on the most important priorities. The goal is to help more businesses grow by publishing this framework.
The document discusses M3 Marine Group Pte Ltd, a shipbroking and marine consultancy firm based in Singapore. It provides information on:
- M3 Marine's areas of operations and specializations which include brokerage for offshore vessels like AHTS, PSV etc.
- The roles and responsibilities of shipbrokers at M3 Marine which involve matching clients' vessel requirements, drafting agreements, and providing market intelligence.
- The typical process involved in brokering a charter deal from receiving charter requirements to vessel delivery. This includes shortlisting vessels, proposal preparation, inspection, contract signing and more.
Jon Epstein - LAC 2017 - Disruptive technologies: AI and the future of market...iGB Affiliate
It's never been a better or a more daunting time to be a marketer. New disruptive technologies are changing how we shop, how we sell and even how we experience our digital worlds. Artificial intelligence, virtual reality, IoT and augmented reality will fundamentally change the landscape for marketers over the next 5 years. And for affiliate marketers, understanding this new landscape will spell the difference between growth and decline.
In this session, Sentient Technologies CMO Jon Epstein will look at new technologies disrupting marketing today, as well as what's on the horizon. The presentation will inform you about key trends you need to stay aware of and discuss the kinds of impacts they could have on how you work and the results you can achieve.
Key trends in marketing technologies to stay aware of
What the impact will be on affiliate marketing results in the future
Watch this presentation and learn all about Microservices.
*Flannel, Weave, IPVLAN, MacVLAN and how they fit together with Docker, Swarm or Kubernetes
*How containers communicate with each other
*How the choice of Networking Interface impacts router and switch deployment in the Data Center
This document summarizes the significant environmental impact of air travel and its contribution to climate change. It notes that a single long-haul return flight can represent an individual's largest carbon footprint for the year. While air travel accounts for a small percentage of reported emissions, the true impact is much larger once radiative forcing is accounted for, meaning air travel has two to three times the warming impact than carbon emissions alone. The document argues that most air travel is recreational rather than essential, and that the only way to meaningfully reduce aviation's climate impact is to fly less and embrace slower, more sustainable forms of transportation. It is critical to address the growing emissions of the aviation industry given its projected growth rates and impact on global warming.
Environmental issue in the business model of civil and defense aerospace indu...Georges Harari
The document discusses environmental issues facing the aerospace and defense industry by 2030. It notes that while aviation only contributes around 2% of global CO2 emissions, public concern over climate change is growing. The industry has committed to carbon-neutral growth from 2020 onward and reducing emissions 50% by 2050 compared to 2005 levels. The summary discusses four strategic pillars to address these challenges: 1) alternative fuels and fuel efficiency, 2) incremental technological advances, 3) infrastructure improvements, and 4) operational and economic measures. The industry must decouple market growth from emissions to achieve sustainability.
The environmental issue in the business model of the civil and defense aerosp...Hugo Wagner
Four-pillar strategy to build a greener future by looking at: alternative fuel, technological advancements, improved infrastructures, operational and economic measures and their consequences on the business model of the aerospace and defense industry.
This document discusses energy efficient ship operation and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping. It provides background on global population growth, climate change due to greenhouse gases, and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. It also discusses the role of international shipping in global trade and greenhouse gas emissions. The document outlines IMO regulations for improving ship energy efficiency, including the EEDI, SEEMP and DCS requirements. It examines technical and operational measures to reduce emissions from ships.
POV - Climate change solution for the airline industrySonata Software
The document discusses how the global airline industry is exploring ways to reduce carbon emissions and is vulnerable to climate change regulations. While aviation only accounts for 2-3% of total greenhouse gas emissions, its impact is estimated to be 2-4 times greater due to emissions at high altitudes. The UN has urged international organizations to agree on managing airline emissions. The document outlines strategies airlines could adopt under four pillars: technology, infrastructure, operations, and carbon offset programs. It also discusses the EU's emissions trading scheme and how Sonata can provide IT solutions to help airlines track and report emission data needed to comply with regulations.
This document discusses energy conservation in air transport. It notes that while air transport is growing rapidly, it faces challenges from its environmental impact and dependence on energy. The sector accounts for a significant and growing portion of global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Efforts have been made across the industry to improve efficiency through technology, operations and infrastructure in order to reduce costs, energy usage and emissions. The document provides statistics on current and projected global energy use and emissions from air transport.
This document discusses carbon neutral growth from an aviation industry and government perspective. It establishes the concepts of carbon neutral growth, sectoral approaches, and the aviation industry's four pillar approach to achieving carbon neutral growth from 2020. The four pillars are technology, operations, infrastructure improvements, and economic measures. The aviation industry, through organizations like IATA and ICAO, have agreed to targets of carbon neutral growth from 2020, an average 1.5% annual fuel efficiency improvement, and a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050 compared to 2005 levels. A global sectoral approach using economic measures is part of the fourth pillar to help close the emissions gap.
This presentation discusses the environmental impacts of globalization and the airline industry. It defines globalization and explores its positive and negative effects on the environment. Specifically, it examines how the expansive growth of air travel and cargo has increased global pollution levels. The presentation notes that initiatives to reduce emissions through voluntary frameworks have failed. However, the introduction of legally binding emissions trading schemes in Europe aims to lower greenhouse gas emissions by 43% by 2030. The presentation also explores green initiatives adopted by some airlines, such as sustainable biofuel projects and carbon offset programs.
Global Warming And Its Effect On The Environment EssayKristen Wilson
The document discusses global warming and its effects on the environment. It states that the majority of academics accept that global warming is occurring and that greenhouse gases like carbon emissions are major drivers. If allowed to continue, global warming will damage both the natural environment and human well-being. Decreasing carbon emissions is necessary for continued social and economic development. The document discusses two major methods for reducing carbon emissions: carbon taxes and emissions trading systems. Both systems aim to put a price on carbon in order to incentivize reductions. However, there is debate around the effectiveness of such market-based systems.
The airline industry challenges and innovationMarkets Beyond
The airline industry faces significant challenges from high fuel costs and environmental regulations. Kerosene accounts for over 30% of airline operating costs, making profitability difficult. Researchers are working on innovations like electric taxiing systems and improved battery technologies to reduce the industry's reliance on kerosene and lower costs. A transition to electricity could save airlines $35 billion per year and make the industry consistently profitable.
This document discusses the impacts of human activity on fundamental natural processes like atmospheric gas concentrations and ways to address climate change. It outlines the history of international agreements like the Kyoto Protocol to limit emissions and establish carbon markets. However, issues remain around developing country participation and opposition from private sectors concerned about economic growth impacts. The document argues that new clean technologies can decouple emissions from growth but need proper economic conditions like higher resource prices to be competitive.
This document summarizes diversity data from HubSpot in 2016. It shows the breakdown of employees by gender, age, ethnicity, and management level across different departments. While diversity is still lacking, especially in technical roles and leadership, progress was made in 2016 with increases in female representation and hiring of underrepresented ethnic groups. Continued efforts are needed to create a more inclusive workforce.
Why People Block Ads (And What It Means for Marketers and Advertisers) [New R...HubSpot
HubSpot Research shares new data on why people use ad blockers and what marketers and advertisers need to do to keep people from blocking out ads completely. Hint: it's stop using interruptive and annoying ads.
3 Proven Sales Email Templates Used by Successful CompaniesHubSpot
76% of emails never get opened. That makes life for salespeople very difficult. So we've partnered up with Breakthrough Email to bring you email templates that are proven to engage prospects and close more deals. Start using them today and grow your revenue.
The lack of visible female role models is pervasive in the tech industry, particularly on Wikipedia, where just under 17% of Wikipedia biographies were on women. That's why HubSpot wrote fourteen Wikipedia entries for remarkable women in tech to help inspire young women to reach positions at the highest levels of STEM.
This document introduces the business development practice called "THRUSTER" devised by Growth Hack Studio to help businesses that are struggling with issues like stagnant sales or user growth. THRUSTER is meant to prevent teams from getting stuck in unproductive cycles and help them progress their projects more efficiently. It provides a framework that defines business stages, team roles and responsibilities, key deliverables, and meeting formats to structure the team's work and ensure they are focused on the most important priorities. The goal is to help more businesses grow by publishing this framework.
The document discusses M3 Marine Group Pte Ltd, a shipbroking and marine consultancy firm based in Singapore. It provides information on:
- M3 Marine's areas of operations and specializations which include brokerage for offshore vessels like AHTS, PSV etc.
- The roles and responsibilities of shipbrokers at M3 Marine which involve matching clients' vessel requirements, drafting agreements, and providing market intelligence.
- The typical process involved in brokering a charter deal from receiving charter requirements to vessel delivery. This includes shortlisting vessels, proposal preparation, inspection, contract signing and more.
Jon Epstein - LAC 2017 - Disruptive technologies: AI and the future of market...iGB Affiliate
It's never been a better or a more daunting time to be a marketer. New disruptive technologies are changing how we shop, how we sell and even how we experience our digital worlds. Artificial intelligence, virtual reality, IoT and augmented reality will fundamentally change the landscape for marketers over the next 5 years. And for affiliate marketers, understanding this new landscape will spell the difference between growth and decline.
In this session, Sentient Technologies CMO Jon Epstein will look at new technologies disrupting marketing today, as well as what's on the horizon. The presentation will inform you about key trends you need to stay aware of and discuss the kinds of impacts they could have on how you work and the results you can achieve.
Key trends in marketing technologies to stay aware of
What the impact will be on affiliate marketing results in the future
Watch this presentation and learn all about Microservices.
*Flannel, Weave, IPVLAN, MacVLAN and how they fit together with Docker, Swarm or Kubernetes
*How containers communicate with each other
*How the choice of Networking Interface impacts router and switch deployment in the Data Center
This document summarizes the significant environmental impact of air travel and its contribution to climate change. It notes that a single long-haul return flight can represent an individual's largest carbon footprint for the year. While air travel accounts for a small percentage of reported emissions, the true impact is much larger once radiative forcing is accounted for, meaning air travel has two to three times the warming impact than carbon emissions alone. The document argues that most air travel is recreational rather than essential, and that the only way to meaningfully reduce aviation's climate impact is to fly less and embrace slower, more sustainable forms of transportation. It is critical to address the growing emissions of the aviation industry given its projected growth rates and impact on global warming.
Environmental issue in the business model of civil and defense aerospace indu...Georges Harari
The document discusses environmental issues facing the aerospace and defense industry by 2030. It notes that while aviation only contributes around 2% of global CO2 emissions, public concern over climate change is growing. The industry has committed to carbon-neutral growth from 2020 onward and reducing emissions 50% by 2050 compared to 2005 levels. The summary discusses four strategic pillars to address these challenges: 1) alternative fuels and fuel efficiency, 2) incremental technological advances, 3) infrastructure improvements, and 4) operational and economic measures. The industry must decouple market growth from emissions to achieve sustainability.
The environmental issue in the business model of the civil and defense aerosp...Hugo Wagner
Four-pillar strategy to build a greener future by looking at: alternative fuel, technological advancements, improved infrastructures, operational and economic measures and their consequences on the business model of the aerospace and defense industry.
This document discusses energy efficient ship operation and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping. It provides background on global population growth, climate change due to greenhouse gases, and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. It also discusses the role of international shipping in global trade and greenhouse gas emissions. The document outlines IMO regulations for improving ship energy efficiency, including the EEDI, SEEMP and DCS requirements. It examines technical and operational measures to reduce emissions from ships.
POV - Climate change solution for the airline industrySonata Software
The document discusses how the global airline industry is exploring ways to reduce carbon emissions and is vulnerable to climate change regulations. While aviation only accounts for 2-3% of total greenhouse gas emissions, its impact is estimated to be 2-4 times greater due to emissions at high altitudes. The UN has urged international organizations to agree on managing airline emissions. The document outlines strategies airlines could adopt under four pillars: technology, infrastructure, operations, and carbon offset programs. It also discusses the EU's emissions trading scheme and how Sonata can provide IT solutions to help airlines track and report emission data needed to comply with regulations.
This document discusses energy conservation in air transport. It notes that while air transport is growing rapidly, it faces challenges from its environmental impact and dependence on energy. The sector accounts for a significant and growing portion of global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Efforts have been made across the industry to improve efficiency through technology, operations and infrastructure in order to reduce costs, energy usage and emissions. The document provides statistics on current and projected global energy use and emissions from air transport.
This document discusses carbon neutral growth from an aviation industry and government perspective. It establishes the concepts of carbon neutral growth, sectoral approaches, and the aviation industry's four pillar approach to achieving carbon neutral growth from 2020. The four pillars are technology, operations, infrastructure improvements, and economic measures. The aviation industry, through organizations like IATA and ICAO, have agreed to targets of carbon neutral growth from 2020, an average 1.5% annual fuel efficiency improvement, and a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050 compared to 2005 levels. A global sectoral approach using economic measures is part of the fourth pillar to help close the emissions gap.
This presentation discusses the environmental impacts of globalization and the airline industry. It defines globalization and explores its positive and negative effects on the environment. Specifically, it examines how the expansive growth of air travel and cargo has increased global pollution levels. The presentation notes that initiatives to reduce emissions through voluntary frameworks have failed. However, the introduction of legally binding emissions trading schemes in Europe aims to lower greenhouse gas emissions by 43% by 2030. The presentation also explores green initiatives adopted by some airlines, such as sustainable biofuel projects and carbon offset programs.
Global Warming And Its Effect On The Environment EssayKristen Wilson
The document discusses global warming and its effects on the environment. It states that the majority of academics accept that global warming is occurring and that greenhouse gases like carbon emissions are major drivers. If allowed to continue, global warming will damage both the natural environment and human well-being. Decreasing carbon emissions is necessary for continued social and economic development. The document discusses two major methods for reducing carbon emissions: carbon taxes and emissions trading systems. Both systems aim to put a price on carbon in order to incentivize reductions. However, there is debate around the effectiveness of such market-based systems.
The airline industry challenges and innovationMarkets Beyond
The airline industry faces significant challenges from high fuel costs and environmental regulations. Kerosene accounts for over 30% of airline operating costs, making profitability difficult. Researchers are working on innovations like electric taxiing systems and improved battery technologies to reduce the industry's reliance on kerosene and lower costs. A transition to electricity could save airlines $35 billion per year and make the industry consistently profitable.
This document discusses the impacts of human activity on fundamental natural processes like atmospheric gas concentrations and ways to address climate change. It outlines the history of international agreements like the Kyoto Protocol to limit emissions and establish carbon markets. However, issues remain around developing country participation and opposition from private sectors concerned about economic growth impacts. The document argues that new clean technologies can decouple emissions from growth but need proper economic conditions like higher resource prices to be competitive.
Running head ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY .docxtodd271
Running head: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY 1
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY 38
Towards an Environmentally Sustainable Aviation:
Managing the Environmental Impact of the Aviation Industry
Abstract
Environmental degradation caused by mankind are beginning to take a huge toll on the planet. The constant need for expansion in the aviation industry is depleting Earth’s natural resources and will be insufficient to satisfy mankind’s never-ending needs as time passes. Man’s needs have resulted in many detrimental impacts to the environment. Despite the aviation industry’s efforts in creating an environmentally friendly industry, it is still a major contributor to Earth’s carbon emissions. In 2017 alone, the aviation industry as a whole, has generated an estimated 859 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) (IATA, 2018). Increased Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and climate change have prompted a need for action from relevant authorities and organizations to come up with sustainable solutions to solve this ecological problem. This paper aims to examine areas of pollution within the aviation industry as well as come up with solutions to reduce the environmental impacts using sustainable methods. Sustainable methods include adopting newer clean-and-green technologies, better management, enhanced safety and improved legislation. Technological advancements play a very important role in creating a sustainable aviation. Hence this paper aims to explore new clean-and-green technologies such as alternative and sustainable fuels, biomimetic engineering and generative design technology can help to mitigate or possibly even eliminate, the industry’s negative impact on the environment. Furthermore, this paper will discuss about the legislative powers of regulatory bodies on order to determine commercial airlines liabilities when conforming to regulation being imposed by organizations such as ICAO and FAA. Also, this study will investigate on the potentials of alternative technologies such as machine learning and the obsolescence of manned flight.
Keywords: Sustainable, aviation, environmental impact, pollution
Towards an Environmentally Sustainable Aviation:
Managing the Environmental Impact of the Aviation Industry
The aviation industry has come a long way since the Wright brother’s first manned flight in 1903. Today, at peak traffic, there is more than 16,000 flights in the air at any given moment (Morris, 2017). According to the World Bank (2018), in 2010, the aviation industry has transported an estimation of 2.6 billion passengers. In 2017, the number of passengers has risen to over 3.9 billion. This number is projected to rise to 16 billion passengers by 2050 (World Wild Life, 2016). Hence, without action, emissions from increased air travel will triple by 2050 (Word Wild Life, 2016). Thus, to protect Earth for future generations to come, world leaders, organizations.
This document analyzes the potential for aviation biofuels based on Canadian transoceanic commercial flights in 2015. It lists destinations and their associated CO2 emissions from various Canadian airports. Toronto emitted the most at 55% of emissions, followed by Vancouver at 20%. The document also notes Air Canada's first biofuel flight in 2012 and identifies feedstock and technology options for aviation biofuels in Canada.
Aviation industry and environmental impactsAMALDASKH
This document discusses the environmental impacts of aviation, including greenhouse gas emissions which are expected to grow substantially by 2050. It outlines the facts on aviation emissions, including that aviation accounts for 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The document also discusses IATA's environmental policy goals and initiatives to reduce emissions, including supporting CORSIA and working with airlines on solutions. It summarizes environmental initiatives by Southwest Airlines to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions and waste.
Aviation contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions and other impacts on the atmosphere. Airplanes emit carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen oxides, and other gases. Some emissions like CO2 have a direct impact by trapping heat, while others like nitrogen oxides indirectly impact climate by forming ozone or contrails. The altitude of flight also influences impacts, as the stratosphere is affected differently than the troposphere. This report aims to study aviation's climate impacts and identify ways to reduce emissions through optimization of operations and alternative fuels.
The document provides an overview of developments in the global airline industry, focusing on growth projections, new technologies, and sustainability considerations. Some key points:
- Air passenger traffic is expected to double by 2030, straining existing airport infrastructure. The ICAO is working with stakeholders to implement efficiency improvements through its Global Plan.
- New technologies like continuous descent operations, arrival management, and airborne collision avoidance systems aim to increase airspace capacity and flight efficiency while improving safety.
- Automated flight control technologies could allow for fully automated piloting in the future, taking control of aircraft in emergency situations. However, investments are still needed to integrate these systems.
- Sustainable aviation fuels and more fuel
OERC Seminar Series 2018
Prof James Higham
Department of Tourism Te Tari Tapoi, Otago Business School Te Kura Pakihi, University of Otago Te Whare Wananga o Otago
While transportation currently accounts for 23% of total global energy-related CO2-e emissions, transport emissions are projected to double by 2050, driven significantly by continued high growth in global passenger demand for air travel. Addressing continuing high growth in aviation emissions is critical to the Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030) (SDGs) and the Paris Climate Accord (2016). Currently we rely on individual decisions to forego air travel as the means of reducing these high-risk emissions (and the promise of future technological solutions to the problem). In this seminar I will reflect on the problem of aviation emissions in relation to individual (consumer) and collective (policy) action. Participation in the high-carbon air travel regime is a social convention, and transition from social conventions requires coordination among players. Within this context, particularly given the University’s ‘Sustainability Strategic Framework 2017-2021’ it is important to consider possible pathways for reducing aviation emissions through collective action at the departmental, divisional and/or institutional levels. Consideration is given to the pathways forwards for collective action to reduce our own professional air travel emissions, before encouraging questions and discussion.
Aviation carbon footprint of global scheduled international passenger flights...Dave Southgate
This book describes the carbon footprint of global international aircraft operations in 2012. It contains a large number of graphics and tables which are designed to make the data readily accessible to the reader.
The document discusses the economic importance of the air environment and some key trends impacting it. It notes that aviation currently has a $2.4 trillion global economic impact that is projected to grow to $5.8 trillion by 2032. However, disruptions to air travel, like terrorist attacks or volcanic eruptions, can cause billions in losses to global GDP. Three major drivers that will shape the future air environment are the increasing commercialization and democratization of airspace, growing global economic interdependence, and the civilianization and constrained military use of airspace.
Similar to Why we need to fly less: aviation, carbon offsets and climate change (20)
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Why we need to fly less: aviation, carbon offsets and climate change
1. First step needed: includeFirst step needed: include
the climate impact coststhe climate impact costs
of flying in aviation ticketof flying in aviation ticket
pricingpricing
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Why We need to Fly LessWhy We need to Fly Less
2. ● Aviation contributes 2% of global
CO2 emissions and is rising.
● Causes about 5% of human global
warming climate impact.
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
3. ● Growth in aviation
emissions at 3-6%
per year. (Larkin)
● 5.2% passenger
growth in year to
June 2016 (Choice)
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
4. ● Climate impact of aviation is
estimated at least 2-3 times actual
aviation CO2 emissions
(and perhaps up to 6x) due to emissions of soot
and particulates, other Greenhouse gases, ozone
formation, effects on the atmosphere, contrails
and cirrus cloud formation.
See Anja Kollmuss and Crimmins (2009)
http://sei-us.org/publications/id/13
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
5. ●
Aviation is projected toAviation is projected to
consume approximatelyconsume approximately
a quarter of the world’sa quarter of the world’s
remaining carbon budgetremaining carbon budget
by 2050 for 1.5°C.by 2050 for 1.5°C.
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
6. To meet the 2 degrees Celsius ParisTo meet the 2 degrees Celsius Paris
Agreement target “assuming anAgreement target “assuming an
optimistic 2% annual fuel efficiencyoptimistic 2% annual fuel efficiency
improvement…. passenger-kmimprovement…. passenger-km
growth rates would need to be cutgrowth rates would need to be cut
to zero from 2020, with a 4% p.a.to zero from 2020, with a 4% p.a.
reduction from 2025.”reduction from 2025.”
- Professor Bows-Larkin (2015)- Professor Bows-Larkin (2015)
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
7. John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
8. ●
Airlines are achieving only minor efficiency gains which are dwarfed by growth inAirlines are achieving only minor efficiency gains which are dwarfed by growth in
capacity. The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) has hadcapacity. The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) has had
responsibility for emissions reduction under Kyoto but has dismally failed to stopresponsibility for emissions reduction under Kyoto but has dismally failed to stop
the growth in global aviation emissions to date...the growth in global aviation emissions to date...
●
““The absence of meaningful policies that go beyond pursuing efficiency gainsThe absence of meaningful policies that go beyond pursuing efficiency gains
through technology has influenced recent aviation emissions growth rates.through technology has influenced recent aviation emissions growth rates.
Incremental technology change and minor adjustments to operations, coupledIncremental technology change and minor adjustments to operations, coupled
with a buoyant market, uphold the aviation sector’s COwith a buoyant market, uphold the aviation sector’s CO22 growth at between 3%growth at between 3%
and 6% per annum (p.a.).” Bows-Larkin (2015)and 6% per annum (p.a.).” Bows-Larkin (2015)
False hopes and myths abound for reducing these emissions.False hopes and myths abound for reducing these emissions.
See Peeters etal (See Peeters etal (2016)2016): Are technology myths stalling aviation climate policy?: Are technology myths stalling aviation climate policy?
The Conversation: Aviation emissions are rising – and industry solutions are justThe Conversation: Aviation emissions are rising – and industry solutions are just
technological myths.technological myths.
https://theconversation.com/aviation-emissions-are-rising-and-industry-solutions-are-just-technological-myths-56032https://theconversation.com/aviation-emissions-are-rising-and-industry-solutions-are-just-technological-myths-56032
●
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
Aviation Industry promises efficiency improvements toAviation Industry promises efficiency improvements to
technology and Infrastructure to reduce emissions.technology and Infrastructure to reduce emissions.
9. Aviation used 48 billion gallons (174 bn litres) jet fuel in 2008.Aviation used 48 billion gallons (174 bn litres) jet fuel in 2008.
To supply biofuels, some 274.8 million acres of cropland would be needed toTo supply biofuels, some 274.8 million acres of cropland would be needed to
supply global aviation industry at current levels of consumption. (1.11 million sqsupply global aviation industry at current levels of consumption. (1.11 million sq
kms, 424,700 sq miles).kms, 424,700 sq miles).
About 2.5% of crop and pasture land would have to be devoted to satisfy aviationAbout 2.5% of crop and pasture land would have to be devoted to satisfy aviation
biofuel demand. This has equity, food security and biodiversity implications.biofuel demand. This has equity, food security and biodiversity implications.
Using 100% Biofuels mitigates just a third of aviation climate impact.Using 100% Biofuels mitigates just a third of aviation climate impact.
Up to end of 2016 there were two airports supplying biofuels to about 5500+ flights.Up to end of 2016 there were two airports supplying biofuels to about 5500+ flights.
See Treehugger: So How Much Agricultural Land Will We Need To Keep GlobalSee Treehugger: So How Much Agricultural Land Will We Need To Keep Global
Aviation Aloft With Biofuels?Aviation Aloft With Biofuels?
http://www.treehugger.com/renewable-energy/so-how-much-agricultural-land-will-we-need-to-keep-global-aviation-aloft-http://www.treehugger.com/renewable-energy/so-how-much-agricultural-land-will-we-need-to-keep-global-aviation-aloft-
with-biofuels.htmlwith-biofuels.html
●
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
The promise of biofuels to reduce aviation emissions?The promise of biofuels to reduce aviation emissions?
10. A single trip flight from London to Sydney generates theA single trip flight from London to Sydney generates the
equivalent of about 125 suitcases of COequivalent of about 125 suitcases of CO22 (2.5 tonnes) , argues(2.5 tonnes) , argues
Engineering Professor Hugh Grant (Cambridge University), in anEngineering Professor Hugh Grant (Cambridge University), in an
October 2016 youtube video.October 2016 youtube video.
““How are you going to get the message across that flying is oneHow are you going to get the message across that flying is one
of the worst things you can be doing?”of the worst things you can be doing?”
“The thing that I feel about flying is that I’ve been hoodwinked,“The thing that I feel about flying is that I’ve been hoodwinked,
I’ve been duped into thinking that flying - ‘is perfectly safe, it’sI’ve been duped into thinking that flying - ‘is perfectly safe, it’s
clean, it’s the best way….see the world, but there is no penalty,clean, it’s the best way….see the world, but there is no penalty,
everyone should do it’”everyone should do it’”
“I think 30, 40 years ago when the Jumbo jet transformed the“I think 30, 40 years ago when the Jumbo jet transformed the
way we fly, we ought to have been told: ‘By the way, by the timeway we fly, we ought to have been told: ‘By the way, by the time
you get to our destination you will have 125 suitcases of COyou get to our destination you will have 125 suitcases of CO22 toto
get rid of.’”get rid of.’”
Youtube: How to calculate your carbon footprint fromYoutube: How to calculate your carbon footprint from
flyingflying https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrCX_mawAmkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrCX_mawAmk
●
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Hoodwinked: suitcases full of CO2 wasteHoodwinked: suitcases full of CO2 waste
11. So why not just put a tax on aviation jet fuel as a climateSo why not just put a tax on aviation jet fuel as a climate
impact tax?impact tax?
Fuel for international aviation is tax free as set by theFuel for international aviation is tax free as set by the
Chicago Convention on International Aviation in 1944 andChicago Convention on International Aviation in 1944 and
bilateral agreements.bilateral agreements.
Flying is kept artificially cheap, while trains and carsFlying is kept artificially cheap, while trains and cars
become lower emission but more expensive.become lower emission but more expensive.
So any climate impact tax would need to be collected as aSo any climate impact tax would need to be collected as a
ticket or departure tax, making it a hard sell forticket or departure tax, making it a hard sell for
politicians.politicians.
See The Conversation (2015):See The Conversation (2015): It’s time for a global tax onIt’s time for a global tax on
aviation emissionsaviation emissions
https://theconversation.com/its-time-for-a-global-tax-on-https://theconversation.com/its-time-for-a-global-tax-on-
aviation-emissions-36020aviation-emissions-36020
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Taxing aviation fuel? You wish….Taxing aviation fuel? You wish….
12. ICAO is taking climate action with CORSIA offsets….ICAO is taking climate action with CORSIA offsets….
● The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) agreed in October 2016 to
introduce in 2020 the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International
Aviation (CORSIA) program, a market based mechanism for carbon offsetting
(First phase 2020-2027 is voluntary participation).
● New CO2 efficiency standard for aircraft adopted….but compliance starts 2028
● CORSIA program from 2020 covers estimated three quarters of international aviation’s
expected emissions growth between 2021 and 2035.
Anticipated coverage 2.5 billion tons of CO2 emissions.
BUTBUT
● This falls short of ICAO’s own target of carbon neutral growth from 2020, and well short
of what the Paris Agreement requires – one study indicates that it deviates 55% from the
2°C objective
● Integrity of CORSIA program depends upon high quality carbon offset credits being
used. (Not guaranteed, rules still to be written)
● Under CORSIA, base aviation emissions activity not offset, just the increase from 2020.
Australia was one of 60 countries that initially signed up
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Sources: International Coalition for Sustainable Aviation - 6 Oct 2016
COP22: aviation emissions under Paris – Nov 2016
13. Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Aviation’s emissions gap
14. Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
ICAO offsets program from 2020
Base emissions set at 2020 levels. Some growth excluded from the program.
Airlines will offset only the increase above 2020 levels, which will flow into ticket
prices. Consumers still expected to voluntarily do own carbon offsets for the rest.
15. ICAO carbon offsets program CORSIA is not a solution to aviation emissions,
just some small steps to continue the charade of business as usual for the
industry. A way to hoodwink the public that action is happening in aviation.
It diverts emissions reduction work primarily to other sectors through offsets
with no guarantee of effectiveness (rules still to be written on offsets)
Majority of aviation emissions are not offset under CORSIA, just the excess over
2020 levels.
Flight tickets will continue to not reflect true cost and climate impact of flying,
providing a significant advantage over lower emissions ground transport.
ICAO refuse to consider demand management, yet to have emissions reduction
in line with the Paris Agreement 2°C temperature target requires zero growth in
passenger-kms from 2020, and 4% p.a. reduction from 2025, according to
Professor Alice Larkin.
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
ICAO carbon offsets won’t solve the problemICAO carbon offsets won’t solve the problem
16. “the more simply structured aviation sector is pinning too much hope
on emissions trading to deliver CO2 cuts in line with 2°C. Instead, the
solution remains controversial and unpopular – avoiding 2°C requires
demand management.”
“A personal carbon quota scheme for CO2 that includes international
flights is one mechanism that could lead to such a radical change in
levels of per capita flying”
- Professor Alice Bows-Larkin (2015)
“Demand management. This is very unpopular with industry, very
unpopular with those of us who fly regularly, but we are going to have
to seriously manage demand in aviation whilst we wait for
technologies to try and substitute for this very high carbon form of
activity. At the moment those technologies are a long, long way off,
and in the interim we just have to curtail the amount of flying that we
do.” - Professor Kevin Anderson (Youtube Dec 2014)
Bows-Larkin (2015):Bows-Larkin (2015): All adrift: aviation, shipping, and climate changeAll adrift: aviation, shipping, and climate change
policypolicy http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14693062.2014.965125http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14693062.2014.965125
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
The need for demand management...The need for demand management...
17. John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
“The aviation industry’s current projections of the sector’s growth are
incompatible with the international community’s commitment to
avoiding the 2°C characterization of dangerous climate change.
“Even a highly optimistic uptake of the most promising technologies
for reducing the CO2
intensity of flying cannot deliver the rapid and
deep rates of mitigation to comply with the IPCC’s carbon budgets for
a reasonable to likely chance of staying below 2°C.
“This stark conclusion holds even with the heroic assumption that
other sectors may be able to shoulder some additional mitigation
effort to compensate for the aviation sector mitigating less than its
counterparts.
“Ultimately, however construed, the maths forthcoming from the
IPCC’s 2°C carbon budget, mandates that the demand for aviation will
need to be constrained if the global community is not to renege on its
2°C commitments.”
Aviation growth incompatible with Paris AgreementAviation growth incompatible with Paris Agreement
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
Source: Alice Larkin et al (May 2016) Aviation and
Climate Change – The Continuing Challenge
(Chapter)
18. You get to choose and way up the ethics of flying….You get to choose and way up the ethics of flying….
● Do I need to travel? Can I skype, teleconference?
● Can I travel by lower emissions means: train, boat, bus, even car?
● Should I offset my CO2 emissions or my CO2e emissions?
● What credits do I buy?
● How can I be assured of carbon offset credit quality?
● A number of climate scientists and others already restrict or
refuse air travel due to aviation emissions carbon footprint.
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Photo: London’s Heathrow Terminal Four. Airports have
a huge carbon footprint, generate air and noise pollution.
19. ● Carbon Offsetting is a fraught area that needs
better regulation, with many marginal schemes
that don’t have any positive value and need to
be avoided.
● It’s a confusing area for consumers
● 30 Airlines offer voluntary carbon offset
programs for CO2 emissions to customers.
They are very cheap, but poorly marketed and
mostly ignored by consumers.
● Only 1 in 10 passengers on Qantas or Jetstar
choose to buy carbon offset credits. (Qantas
has largest offsets program of any airline)
● For 2014/2015 1.2% of Qantas flight emissions
offset by customers.
● Choice recommends “Purchase verified carbon
offsets from the airline or through an accredited
agency. Offsets that avoid emissions through
energy efficiency, or replace fossil fuel based
energy with renewable energy are the most
effective, with forestry projects ranked last.”
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
The Australian Consumers Association
magazine Choice featured aviation carbon
offsets in their Dec 2016/Jan 2017 issue.
Should you buy carbon offsets?
https://www.choice.com.au/travel/on-holidays/air
lines/articles/should-you-buy-carbon-offsets-for
-flights
Choosing Carbon offset credits….Choosing Carbon offset credits….
20. John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
● Carbon offsets are shown to be
ridiculous in a satirical website
called cheatneutral.com
● This website puts forward that
you can pay someone to offset
the guilt of cheating in a
relationship. In fact it is likely to
provide a justification for
continued cheating. It makes it
acceptable to cheat.
● Similarly, carbon offsets are
used to assuage our guilt with
flying everywhere.
● Carbon offsetting is
fundamentally the wrong way to
go about tackling climate
change.
Carbon offsets like cheating in relationshipsCarbon offsets like cheating in relationships
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
For aviation emissions we need to
reduce the number of flights taken,
and where possible avoid flying.
21. John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Only 3-5 percent of the World’s population undertakes flying. It is undertaken
proportionately more by rich people, while the impacts of climate change will
be felt disproportionately by poor people.
“When it comes to aviation, this is the most profligate form of energy
consumption we have of carbon emissions per hour of activity. There is no
other activity, nothing that we do, that consumes more energy than flying in
any single hour. If we are serious about climate change, because there are no
good alternatives in the short to medium term, we have to curtail the amount
of flying we do.
“Currently, flying is carried out by a relatively small proportion of our
population who fly regularly. It is those who should be taking the lion's share
of the cuts in the amount of flying we do.
“So we can still have some aviation, but much more limited amount of
aviation, but that needs to be spread more evenly rather than a small cohort
of people flying very regularly and making arguments for expansion on the
basis of a family that occasionally flies to Benidorm for a holiday once every
two years.”
-Professor Kevin Anderson (Youtube 2014)
Flight emissions and inequityFlight emissions and inequity
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
Professor Kevin Anderson, Deputy director of The Tyndall Centre, on Air Travel (Dec
2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGGptVyiIe8
22. There may be a green future for
aviation, but it will likely be very
different to the one presented by ICAO
and the airline industry.
Low fossil fuel Hydrogen or helium
dirigibles and solar+battery flight is
already here in smal-scale
demonstration forms. Hybrid aircraft
may be possible.
Battery development and engineering
breakthroughs are needed to make
mass transit low fossil-fuel aviation
possible. This may be decades away
at the earliest. But it may also prove
not to have quite the same capacity or
speed of present day high carbon
emissions aviation….
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
Does Aviation have a Green future?Does Aviation have a Green future?
Two ICAO brochures marketing
the airline industry ‘Green’
efforts in aviation, primarily
based on carbon offsets.
23. ● We need to fly less
● Price flight tickets to include climate
impact.
● Demand management of flying needed
to meet 2°C Paris Agreement target.
● Climate impact of aviation is 2-3 times
(and might be up to 6x) actual CO2
emissions
● If you do fly and offset CO2 , choose
quality carbon credits that help to
reduce emissions.
● The ICAO CORSIA offsets program
starting 2020 is insufficient. It is
largely a greenwash mechanism to
maintain business as usual for the
airlines.
John Englart – Climate Action Moreland
Aviation emissions and carbon offsets
Summary
Photo: Fossil fuel free aviation?: André
Borschberg in Solar Impulse flying over the
Torresol Energy’s Gemasolar Thermosolar
Plant in 2016, which is partially owned by
Masdar, Solar Impulse’s host partner in Abu
Dhabi Image: Solar Impulse/Flickr