This document summarizes the significant environmental impact of air travel and its contribution to climate change. It notes that a single long-haul return flight can represent an individual's largest carbon footprint for the year. While air travel accounts for a small percentage of reported emissions, the true impact is much larger once radiative forcing is accounted for, meaning air travel has two to three times the warming impact than carbon emissions alone. The document argues that most air travel is recreational rather than essential, and that the only way to meaningfully reduce aviation's climate impact is to fly less and embrace slower, more sustainable forms of transportation. It is critical to address the growing emissions of the aviation industry given its projected growth rates and impact on global warming.
What is Electro Mobility (e-mobility) - a White Paper from SPI Lasers - 2500 ...Marketing Photonics
If you ever wondered what electromobility (also called e-mobility) is then look no further. Here at SPI Lasers we have created this White Paper, which explores the topic in depth. Learn how this technology will benefit the environment and change transport around the world as we know it.
New!
Week 3: Environmental Impact & Terminal Design
Alan McBride
(Aug 21, 2017 2:17 PM)
- Read by: 5
Mark as Read
Reply
(Post 1)Economies and businesses around the world rely heavily on freight transport. The heavy reliance on freight transport makes the intermodal transportation industry one of the biggest users of energy and producers of emissions in the world. According to Winebrake, Corbett, Falzarano, Hawker, Kormacher, Ketha, and Zilora, in 2008 25.7% of the United States non-military energy use was consumed by the freight transportation industry. That number has grown by approximately 1.8% per year since 2008 (2008). However, the increased use of railway and coastal shipping provide a more environmentally friendly form of shipment (Konings, Priemus, & Nijkamp, 2008, Ch. 4, Pg. 59-60). With the use of intermodal transport between railways and coastal shipping, the efficient use of ports plays an extremely important role. Ports allow products and shipments to change from one mode of transportation to another. Without ports, the exchange of a product from a boat to a truck would be extremely inefficient. The design of the supply chain network between the different modes of transportation must be well-designed and extremely efficient for the network to work properly. Ports and networks are extremely expensive to build, but over time a well-built network design will provide a method of expedient intermodal transportation for freight transport and will pay for itself (Konings, Priemus, & Nijkamp, 2008, Ch. 4, Pg. 60).
(Post 2)
Environmental impact could be defined as "environmental stressors such as pollutants, noise, or exotic species are released in natural ecosystems" (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, n.d.). The vehicles that the transportation world uses (and all combustible engine vehicles in general) contributes significantly to polluting the environment through the emissions that those vehicles produce. It is those same emissions that have both local and global impacts on the environment. Aside from air pollution, most people do not even think of other types of pollutions.
Noise pollution, for example, is measured in decibels. People talk to one another at around 60 decibels, breathing alone is around 10 decibels. But a jet taking off can get as loud as 120-150 decibels and rupture ear drums. That is why the Concorde was banned from many airports because of the sonic boom it produced flying over cities.
Water pollution has been a global issue for many years. Oil spills have been a major contributor to polluting the oceans entire ecosystems have been damaged or destroyed by oil spills. Trash that we humans pollute in the oceans usually ends up hurting or even killing marine life. Dredging waterways to deepen channels for ships to maneuver through also pose a risk due to the silt and sediments that have been contaminated by oils and heavy metals.
According to Konings, Priemus, and Nijkamp (2008) ...
Why we need to fly less: aviation, carbon offsets and climate changeJohn Englart
Aviation emissions are rising, flight ticket prices don't reflect the climate impacts of flying, the ICAO carbon offsets scheme is insufficient to meet the 2 degree temperature goal set by the Paris Agreement at COP21. The Aviation industry needs to consider demand management to reduce emissions in accordance with the Paris Accord targets..
Running head ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY .docxtodd271
Running head: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY 1
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY 38
Towards an Environmentally Sustainable Aviation:
Managing the Environmental Impact of the Aviation Industry
Abstract
Environmental degradation caused by mankind are beginning to take a huge toll on the planet. The constant need for expansion in the aviation industry is depleting Earth’s natural resources and will be insufficient to satisfy mankind’s never-ending needs as time passes. Man’s needs have resulted in many detrimental impacts to the environment. Despite the aviation industry’s efforts in creating an environmentally friendly industry, it is still a major contributor to Earth’s carbon emissions. In 2017 alone, the aviation industry as a whole, has generated an estimated 859 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) (IATA, 2018). Increased Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and climate change have prompted a need for action from relevant authorities and organizations to come up with sustainable solutions to solve this ecological problem. This paper aims to examine areas of pollution within the aviation industry as well as come up with solutions to reduce the environmental impacts using sustainable methods. Sustainable methods include adopting newer clean-and-green technologies, better management, enhanced safety and improved legislation. Technological advancements play a very important role in creating a sustainable aviation. Hence this paper aims to explore new clean-and-green technologies such as alternative and sustainable fuels, biomimetic engineering and generative design technology can help to mitigate or possibly even eliminate, the industry’s negative impact on the environment. Furthermore, this paper will discuss about the legislative powers of regulatory bodies on order to determine commercial airlines liabilities when conforming to regulation being imposed by organizations such as ICAO and FAA. Also, this study will investigate on the potentials of alternative technologies such as machine learning and the obsolescence of manned flight.
Keywords: Sustainable, aviation, environmental impact, pollution
Towards an Environmentally Sustainable Aviation:
Managing the Environmental Impact of the Aviation Industry
The aviation industry has come a long way since the Wright brother’s first manned flight in 1903. Today, at peak traffic, there is more than 16,000 flights in the air at any given moment (Morris, 2017). According to the World Bank (2018), in 2010, the aviation industry has transported an estimation of 2.6 billion passengers. In 2017, the number of passengers has risen to over 3.9 billion. This number is projected to rise to 16 billion passengers by 2050 (World Wild Life, 2016). Hence, without action, emissions from increased air travel will triple by 2050 (Word Wild Life, 2016). Thus, to protect Earth for future generations to come, world leaders, organizations.
A presentation delivered to Friends of the Earth by The FREdome Visionary Trust about Operation OASIS - a project to reclaim arid lands for agroforestry - enabling the large-scale natural conversion of carbon emissions into diminishing carbon resources, such as food and fuel.
What is Electro Mobility (e-mobility) - a White Paper from SPI Lasers - 2500 ...Marketing Photonics
If you ever wondered what electromobility (also called e-mobility) is then look no further. Here at SPI Lasers we have created this White Paper, which explores the topic in depth. Learn how this technology will benefit the environment and change transport around the world as we know it.
New!
Week 3: Environmental Impact & Terminal Design
Alan McBride
(Aug 21, 2017 2:17 PM)
- Read by: 5
Mark as Read
Reply
(Post 1)Economies and businesses around the world rely heavily on freight transport. The heavy reliance on freight transport makes the intermodal transportation industry one of the biggest users of energy and producers of emissions in the world. According to Winebrake, Corbett, Falzarano, Hawker, Kormacher, Ketha, and Zilora, in 2008 25.7% of the United States non-military energy use was consumed by the freight transportation industry. That number has grown by approximately 1.8% per year since 2008 (2008). However, the increased use of railway and coastal shipping provide a more environmentally friendly form of shipment (Konings, Priemus, & Nijkamp, 2008, Ch. 4, Pg. 59-60). With the use of intermodal transport between railways and coastal shipping, the efficient use of ports plays an extremely important role. Ports allow products and shipments to change from one mode of transportation to another. Without ports, the exchange of a product from a boat to a truck would be extremely inefficient. The design of the supply chain network between the different modes of transportation must be well-designed and extremely efficient for the network to work properly. Ports and networks are extremely expensive to build, but over time a well-built network design will provide a method of expedient intermodal transportation for freight transport and will pay for itself (Konings, Priemus, & Nijkamp, 2008, Ch. 4, Pg. 60).
(Post 2)
Environmental impact could be defined as "environmental stressors such as pollutants, noise, or exotic species are released in natural ecosystems" (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, n.d.). The vehicles that the transportation world uses (and all combustible engine vehicles in general) contributes significantly to polluting the environment through the emissions that those vehicles produce. It is those same emissions that have both local and global impacts on the environment. Aside from air pollution, most people do not even think of other types of pollutions.
Noise pollution, for example, is measured in decibels. People talk to one another at around 60 decibels, breathing alone is around 10 decibels. But a jet taking off can get as loud as 120-150 decibels and rupture ear drums. That is why the Concorde was banned from many airports because of the sonic boom it produced flying over cities.
Water pollution has been a global issue for many years. Oil spills have been a major contributor to polluting the oceans entire ecosystems have been damaged or destroyed by oil spills. Trash that we humans pollute in the oceans usually ends up hurting or even killing marine life. Dredging waterways to deepen channels for ships to maneuver through also pose a risk due to the silt and sediments that have been contaminated by oils and heavy metals.
According to Konings, Priemus, and Nijkamp (2008) ...
Why we need to fly less: aviation, carbon offsets and climate changeJohn Englart
Aviation emissions are rising, flight ticket prices don't reflect the climate impacts of flying, the ICAO carbon offsets scheme is insufficient to meet the 2 degree temperature goal set by the Paris Agreement at COP21. The Aviation industry needs to consider demand management to reduce emissions in accordance with the Paris Accord targets..
Running head ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY .docxtodd271
Running head: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY 1
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY 38
Towards an Environmentally Sustainable Aviation:
Managing the Environmental Impact of the Aviation Industry
Abstract
Environmental degradation caused by mankind are beginning to take a huge toll on the planet. The constant need for expansion in the aviation industry is depleting Earth’s natural resources and will be insufficient to satisfy mankind’s never-ending needs as time passes. Man’s needs have resulted in many detrimental impacts to the environment. Despite the aviation industry’s efforts in creating an environmentally friendly industry, it is still a major contributor to Earth’s carbon emissions. In 2017 alone, the aviation industry as a whole, has generated an estimated 859 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) (IATA, 2018). Increased Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and climate change have prompted a need for action from relevant authorities and organizations to come up with sustainable solutions to solve this ecological problem. This paper aims to examine areas of pollution within the aviation industry as well as come up with solutions to reduce the environmental impacts using sustainable methods. Sustainable methods include adopting newer clean-and-green technologies, better management, enhanced safety and improved legislation. Technological advancements play a very important role in creating a sustainable aviation. Hence this paper aims to explore new clean-and-green technologies such as alternative and sustainable fuels, biomimetic engineering and generative design technology can help to mitigate or possibly even eliminate, the industry’s negative impact on the environment. Furthermore, this paper will discuss about the legislative powers of regulatory bodies on order to determine commercial airlines liabilities when conforming to regulation being imposed by organizations such as ICAO and FAA. Also, this study will investigate on the potentials of alternative technologies such as machine learning and the obsolescence of manned flight.
Keywords: Sustainable, aviation, environmental impact, pollution
Towards an Environmentally Sustainable Aviation:
Managing the Environmental Impact of the Aviation Industry
The aviation industry has come a long way since the Wright brother’s first manned flight in 1903. Today, at peak traffic, there is more than 16,000 flights in the air at any given moment (Morris, 2017). According to the World Bank (2018), in 2010, the aviation industry has transported an estimation of 2.6 billion passengers. In 2017, the number of passengers has risen to over 3.9 billion. This number is projected to rise to 16 billion passengers by 2050 (World Wild Life, 2016). Hence, without action, emissions from increased air travel will triple by 2050 (Word Wild Life, 2016). Thus, to protect Earth for future generations to come, world leaders, organizations.
A presentation delivered to Friends of the Earth by The FREdome Visionary Trust about Operation OASIS - a project to reclaim arid lands for agroforestry - enabling the large-scale natural conversion of carbon emissions into diminishing carbon resources, such as food and fuel.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. For most people, the
decision to take a single
flight (that is longer than
10 hours), represents the
single act that will make
their greatest Co2
equivalent contribution
to climate change in
any given year.
Source: Plane Truth. Aviation’s Real Impact on People and the
Environment. Rose Bridger. Pluto Press. 2013 (page 16)
3. Carbon Calculator
The following slide
is a screen grab
from a reputable
internet based
carbon offsetting
provider.
The environmental
footprint of a return
trip from Australia
to Europe for one
person is
equivalent 8.1
tonnes of Co2.
Source: http://www.climatefriendly.com
4. A single return trip for
one individual flying to
Europe from Australia is
greater than the
operational foot print of
a massive
unsustainable home for
one year – a
McMansion, or driving a
large SUV 20,000 km
(over a one year
period).
5. The following slide is a
summary of David
Gravina’s entire
environmental footprint
for one year.
David is a passionate
environmentalist
activist; for an
Australian citizen, his
footprint is
exemplary, it is about
¼ of the Australian
national average.
6. Dave’s no fly footprint in 2011:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Vegetarian, organic/local
+ some processed food
No car
Mostly cycles
Light public transport &
taxi use
Apartment living
Minimal consumerism
Recycler
6.49
tonnes…
Source: http://www.climatefriendly.com
7. Dave’s footprint should he also fly to
Europe in 2011:
14.59
tonnes…
Source: http://www.climatefriendly.com
8. The climate impact of aeroplanes is not confined
to the carbon they produce – Jet planes release
several kinds of gases and particles, some of
which cool the planet, some of which heat the
planet. Overall the impact according to the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is a
warming effect 2.7 times that of the carbon
alone.
This is mostly a result of mixing warm and cool in
the upper troposphere – this forms condensation
trails that in turn form cirrus clouds – these cirrus
clouds trap heat in the atmosphere – especially at
night.
http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_sr/?src=/climate/ipcc/
aviation/064.htm
10. In this sense jet planes
are one of the most
efficient ways to use
fossil fuels to bring
about climate change
– the carbon Jet
planes’ burn has
almost 3 times the
climate warming
impact of burning
fossil fuels in a car…
Source: www.ipcc.ch/organization/organization.shtml#.UJnF8IVhPq0
11. In Australia, the national Department of
Infrastructure and Regional Development web
site states that aviation accounts for 3.1% of
Australia’s climate change emissions.
Secretary Mike Mrdak, that department’s chief
bureaucrat concedes that this figure does not
factor in the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change established multiplier ratio
X 2.7 – hence Australia’s aviation emissions
are X 2.7 greater than official records and
statistics currently reveal.
http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/environmental/emissions/inde
x.aspx
A copy of Mr Mrdak’s letter is posted on the Infrequent Flyer web site.
12. In 2011 Australian passenger numbers
grew by 11%. Globally growth has been
approximately 5% for decades.
Based on current trends, by 2030 the
aviation industry will be the planet’s
biggest single climate change
contributor.
Source: http://www.iata.org/Pages/default.aspx
Heat. 2006. George Monbiot. Penguin Group. Page 171
13. The fifth busiest air
corridor in the world
is Sydney to
Melbourne -
9,371,184
passenger per year
14. 15.2 million
passengers flew
overseas from
Australia in 2013
Source:
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/products/961B6B53B87
C130ACA2574030010BD05
15. Earth now has 3700 airport, 23,000
planes, making 30 Million flights / year
16. In 2013, there
were
3 billion
global passengers
Source: http://www.iata.org/Pages/default.aspx
17. $6.4 trillion
of goods traveled
by air – that’s 35% of all
world trade by value.
Source: http://www.iata.org/Pages/default.aspx
18. The aviation industry’s
revenues from ticket sales
and freight charges in
2011 was
$598 billion
which enabled it buy
and burn
$177 billion
worth of fuel
Source: http://www.iata.org/Pages/default.aspx
19. The aviation industry is
funded by consumers
like
you.
Just 2-3 % of the global population take an
international flight every year…
20. A study of highly mobile travellers found
‘a very minor share of humanity accounts
for a large part of the overall kms
travelled and the consequent impacts’.
In 2006 it was estimated that, per
annum, only 2-3 % of the global
population take an international flight.
Source: Plane Truth. Aviation’s Real Impact on People and the
Environment. Rose Bridger. Pluto Press. 2013 (page 18)
22. Air travel and air freight facilitates more
consumption of everything over a
shorter period time.
23. Most flying is recreational, a lot is ‘business’
and some is migration based. About 5% of
passenger travel could be described as
essential – high level political
meetings, urgent scientific research, aid
related, people mobilisations during
disasters, troop delivery for peace missions
and wars... The rest can be done over the
phone or on Skype or sent via train and
boat…
27. No, it’s okay.
In 2008 The
International Air
Transport Association
(IATA) signed a
summit declaration
stating they will take
action on climate
change.
28.
29. Green house gases
from the aviation
industry since 2008
have risen 5% each
year – Aviation is the
fastest growing
contributing sector to
global green house
gases.
30. IATA’s own Graph
(on the next slide)
shows a doubling of
Co2 emissions in the
next 20 years…
34. What do you
think – will it fly?
This configuration
has about the
same chance of
flying as does the
IATA of meeting
it’s industry
carbon reduction
goals…
35. The following IATA
document is grossly
misleading.
The IATA suggests
that bio fuels will
help reduce the
impact of the
aviation industry:
36.
37. Bio fuel weighs twice as much as kerosene (a fuel
used in aviation because it is light). The A380 carries
369 tonnes of fuel – imagine doubling that weight and
trying to take off…
Bio fuels, even when only small amounts are mixed
with kerosene turn to jelly and block fuel lines at high
altitudes…
To service the bio fuel needs of the airline industry –
huge amounts of the world’s cropping lands would
have to be set aside - already a Billion people go
hungry every day on the planet…
Sure there have been successful bio fuel flights – with
one out of 4 engines running on 10 % bio fuel…
Source: Plane Truth. Aviation’s Real Impact on People and the
Environment. Rose Bridger. Pluto Press. 2013 (page 2-3)
38. A Boeing 747 100% biofuel flight from London
to Amsterdam (1.16 hours long) would use 3
million coconuts.
Source: Plane Truth. Aviation’s Real Impact on People and the
Environment. Rose Bridger. Pluto Press. 2013 (page 28)
39. This is called:
green wash…
when corporations and
industries deceive consumers
about the environmental
impact of their industries or
products.
40. It is unlikely you will
hear about the
massive environmental
impact of the aviation
industry in commercial
media such as TV and
news papers.
They earn vast
advertising revenues
from the aviation
industry.
41.
42. The travel section of weekend newspapers
is one big adver-torial for the airline and
tourism industry…
43. The master of Green Wash
Sir Richard
Branson has spent
his life profiting
from his airline
business, whilst
advocating
enviromental
issues…
Branson at his green washing best:
http://blog.nature.org/conservancy/2013/05/28/dialogues-on-the-
44. You might have
heard of Branson’s
latest business
venture–space
travel for the 1%… It
is an environmental
folly of gigantic
proportions. Visit the
link below and learn
about ‘black
carbon’
http://www.good.is/posts/the-final-frontier-a-new-polluting-industry-takes-flight
45. The off setting offered by
the airlines has very
dubious environmental
credentials.
Climate Friendly’s Gold
standard offsetting is
about 10 times more
expensive than the off
setting offered by the
major airlines.
Source: http://www.climatefriendly.com
46. Earth simply does not
have anywhere near
that level of offsetting
ecological
reserves, to offset
everyone’s flights, let
alone essential
services like food
production, building
and electricity
generation…
47. The Co2 created during a flight, will stay
in the atmosphere for
100 years
during which it will act as a potent green
house gas – trapping the earth’s heat
and bringing about climate change.
Source: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/spm/av-en.pdf (page 13)
49. There are no silver
bullets when it comes
to jet travel – both
George Monbiot and
Tim Flannery come to
this conclusion in their
books.
50.
51. The only way to reduce the
environmental impact of air
travel is to fly less
52. To stabilize Co2 levels
each global citizen
Co2 per capita
allowance needs to
be around 2.4 tonnes
of Co2 / year.
Australia’s per capita
emissions are 27.1
Tonnes Co2,
the highest in OECD.
India’s per capita
emissions are 1.38
tonnes / person.
Source:
http://www.amberlinks.org/sustainableliving/what-is-a-sustainable-carbonfootprint.html
53. The presentation is
uncompromising
because it needs to
be–since 1990 global
Co2 emissions levels
have increased 61 %.
Global atmospheric CO2 for October 2013, 393.66ppm
54. 50 years ago… very few people flew and
they were perfectly happy – They danced
in the streets…
57. The Infrequent Flyer team believes that
Environmentalists have to
encompass, make real, a lived
successful alternative to current
unsustainable consumer based
practices and economies. In doing
so, we can create an alternative vision
for humanity–one not of environmental
collapse and social and political
calamity, but rather a compelling
sustainable future based on sound
environmental principles.
