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Why do we want twins or
triplets in sheep, but not
    in cows or horses?
Why do we want twins
or triplets in sheep, but
not in cows or horses?
Horses
• Twinning causes . . .
   – high frequency of
     abortions
   – birthing complications

• Uterus is too small to
  support growth of two
  fetuses together

• In rare cases, both fetuses
  survive
Cows
• Twinning can result in . . .
   – retained placentae
   – decrease in reproductive efficiency
   – decrease in milk production
   – Smaller calves with lower growth rates



         50% of all double ovulations in cattle result in
    bull/heifer combinations and 92% of these will result in
    a freemartin…
Freemartins
• An “androgenized”
  heifer born twin to a
  bull
• Result when fetal
  blood mixes



                          • Sterile females are
                            unwanted in livestock
                            production
Sheep
• Twinning is a good
  way to get more for
  your money

                        • Capable of giving
                          birth to healthy twins
                        • Insignificant
                          occurrence of
                          freemartins in sheep
Another question is raised . . .

• Why is the incidence of freemartins so
  much higher in cattle than in sheep?

                                 Yu
                                 m
Why do we want twins or
triplets in sheep, but not
    in cows or horses?
Why do we want twins
or triplets in sheep, but
not in cows or horses?
Horses
• Twinning causes . . .
   – high frequency of
     abortions
   – birthing complications

• Uterus is too small to
  support growth of two
  fetuses together

• In rare cases, both fetuses
  survive
Cows
• Twinning can result in . . .
   – retained placentae
   – decrease in reproductive efficiency
   – decrease in milk production
   – Smaller calves with lower growth rates



         50% of all double ovulations in cattle result in
    bull/heifer combinations and 92% of these will result in
    a freemartin…
Freemartins
• An “androgenized”
  heifer born twin to a
  bull
• Result when fetal
  blood mixes



                          • Sterile females are
                            unwanted in livestock
                            production
Sheep
• Twinning is a good
  way to get more for
  your money

                        • Capable of giving
                          birth to healthy twins
                        • Insignificant
                          occurrence of
                          freemartins in sheep
Another question is raised . . .

• Why is the incidence of freemartins so
  much higher in cattle than in sheep?

                                 Yu
                                 m
Why do we want twins or triplets in sheep, but not in cows or horses?

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Why do we want twins or triplets in sheep, but not in cows or horses?

  • 1. Why do we want twins or triplets in sheep, but not in cows or horses?
  • 2. Why do we want twins or triplets in sheep, but not in cows or horses?
  • 3. Horses • Twinning causes . . . – high frequency of abortions – birthing complications • Uterus is too small to support growth of two fetuses together • In rare cases, both fetuses survive
  • 4. Cows • Twinning can result in . . . – retained placentae – decrease in reproductive efficiency – decrease in milk production – Smaller calves with lower growth rates 50% of all double ovulations in cattle result in bull/heifer combinations and 92% of these will result in a freemartin…
  • 5. Freemartins • An “androgenized” heifer born twin to a bull • Result when fetal blood mixes • Sterile females are unwanted in livestock production
  • 6. Sheep • Twinning is a good way to get more for your money • Capable of giving birth to healthy twins • Insignificant occurrence of freemartins in sheep
  • 7. Another question is raised . . . • Why is the incidence of freemartins so much higher in cattle than in sheep? Yu m
  • 8.
  • 9. Why do we want twins or triplets in sheep, but not in cows or horses?
  • 10. Why do we want twins or triplets in sheep, but not in cows or horses?
  • 11. Horses • Twinning causes . . . – high frequency of abortions – birthing complications • Uterus is too small to support growth of two fetuses together • In rare cases, both fetuses survive
  • 12. Cows • Twinning can result in . . . – retained placentae – decrease in reproductive efficiency – decrease in milk production – Smaller calves with lower growth rates 50% of all double ovulations in cattle result in bull/heifer combinations and 92% of these will result in a freemartin…
  • 13. Freemartins • An “androgenized” heifer born twin to a bull • Result when fetal blood mixes • Sterile females are unwanted in livestock production
  • 14. Sheep • Twinning is a good way to get more for your money • Capable of giving birth to healthy twins • Insignificant occurrence of freemartins in sheep
  • 15. Another question is raised . . . • Why is the incidence of freemartins so much higher in cattle than in sheep? Yu m