This document discusses diseases, health, and principles of disease prevention and treatment. It defines diseases as disorders that produce specific symptoms or affect locations in the body. Health is described as a state of physical, mental, and social well-being where the individual is free from illness or pain. Maintaining health requires a good physical and social environment, economic status, and social equality. The document distinguishes between acute and chronic diseases, infectious and non-infectious diseases, and discusses various infectious agents, means of disease spread, and principles of disease treatment.

1. WHY DO WE
FALL ILL
• DISEASES:
Disease is a disorder of structure or
function in a human, animal, or plant, especially
one that produces specific symptoms or that
affects a specific location and is not simply a
direct result of physical injury.

2. What is
HEALTH
Health is the level of function or
metabolic efficiency of a living
organism. In humans, it is the
general condition of the person’s
mind and body, usually meaning
to be free from illness, injury or
pain (physically or mentally).

3. Maintenance
of healthThe conditions necessary for good health are the following:
• Good physical and social environment.
• Good economical status.
• Social equality and harmony.
Good physical and social environment includes clean surroundings, good
sanitation and proper garbage disposal.
Good economical status includes job opportunities for all to have proper and
nutritious food and to lead a healthy life.
Social equality and harmony are required for a healthy and peacefull.

4. Difference
between
healthy and
disease free.
Diseases Free
• It is a state of absence of
diseases.
• It refers to a single individual.
• The individual may have a
good health or a poor health.
Healthy
• It is a state of physical,
mental and social well
being.
• It refers to the individual,
physical and social
environment.
• The individual has a good
health .

5. When a person is effected by a disease
either the normal functioning or the
appearance of one or more systems of
the body changes for the worse.
These changes give rise to signs of the
disease called symptoms.

6. Types of
diseases.

7. There are two types of
diseases.
ACUTE DISEASES
• The Diseases which last for a
very short period are called
acute diseases.
• Acute means brief and severe.
• Eg: Common cold, Cold and
Cough Etc..
CHRONIC DISEASES
• Chronic diseases are the
diseases which lasts long or
in some cases even lasts for
the lifetime.
• Eg: Elephantiasis, polio Etc..

8. ACUTE DISEASES:
These diseases will not have enough time to cause major effects
on general health.
CHRONIC DISEASES:
These types of diseases will have enough time to effect the
health and disturbs the health drastically.

9. PRINCIPLES OF
PREVENSTION
OF DISEASES.

10. FOR AIR BORNE MICROBES: We can prevent
exposure by providing living conditions that
are not overcrowded.

11. For water borne
microbes: we can
prevent exposure by
providing safe drinking
water.

12. FOR VECTOR BORNE INFECTIONS:
We can provide clean
environments. Such a clean
environment,
(for example)mosquito breeding.

13. ANOTHER WAY OF PREVENTION OF DISEASES IS
THROUGH VACTIONATION: A vaccine is a
biological preparation used as preventive
inoculation to confer immunity against a
disease. The preparation usually includes an
innocuous form of disease-causing agent which
is in the form of killed or weakened bacteria or
viruses. A vaccine can also contain toxins or
surface proteins of the infecting organism.

14. There are
two different
types of
diseases.
CONGENITAL DISEASES
• These diseases are
those which are present
from the birth.
• They are caused due to
genetic abnormalities
or due to metabolic
abnormalities.
• ACQUIRED DISEASES:
• These diseases are the
diseases which are
developed after the
birth.
• These are classified into
two types,
1) Infectious diseases.
2)Non-infectious diseases.

15. Infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Infectious diseases:
Infectious diseases are the diseases
which are caused due to infections like
bacteria, fungi and viruses. These
diseases can through one another by
direct and indirect touching.
For example: Common cold, malaria,
typhoid Etc..
Non-infectious diseases:
Non-infectious diseases are diseases which do
not spread from one another. Eg:
• Cancer.
• Diabetes.
• Addiction.
• Deficiency.
• Degenerative.

16. INFECTIOUS
AGENTS:
• Viral: Influenza, chicken pox, small-pox,
common cold, dengue, fever and AIDS.
• Fungi: ring worm Etc..
• Bacterial: cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis,
anthrax Etc..
• Protozoan: malaria, kala-azar.

17. Means of
spread of
diseases.
The four common ways are:
• Nose, mouth, eyes to hand and the to
others.(Direct contact.)
• From hand to food, cloths, towels
Etc.(Indirect contact)
• From animals to people.(Direct contact.)
• Direct transmission.(Eg: mosquito bites,
sexual transmission, direct projection of
droplets Etc..)

18. Vehicle-borne
diseases.
• vehicle borne diseases are diseases which are
passed through a non-living substance or object
that can contaminated by an infectious agent,
and then which when pass to a new host.

19. Vector-borne
diseases.
• Vector-borne diseases are diseases which are
transmitted though insects like mosquitos and
house-flies

20. Organ-specific and tissue-specific manifestation.
Microbes which enter the body are likely to go to different sites in the body such as:
• Microbes which enter through nose are likely to go to the lungs. For example, bacteria which
cause tuberculosis of lungs.
• Microbes which enter through mouth are likely to stay in the gut such as bacteria which cause
typhoid or liver such as bacteria which cause jaundice.
• Virus which cause AIDS enter the body through sexual organs during sexual contact and spreads
through the lymph to all parts of the body and damages the immune system.
• Virus which cause Japanese encephalitis (brain fever) enters the body mousquito bites and go
infect the brain.

21. PRINCIPLES OF
TREATMENTS.
THERE ARE TWO WAYS TO TREAT INFECTIOUS
DISEASE:
• One would be to reduce the effects of the
disease
• And the second to kill the cause of the
disease.
• For the first, we can provide treatment that
can reduce the symptoms of the disease. For
the second one we need medicines which
can kill them.

22. Thank You
by: Aakash Gangisetty.