This is an Embedded version of the presentation. This Presentation is Updated with some new graphics and interiors,it will help everyone to understand the lesson "Why do we fall ill".
Chapter - 13, Why do we fall ill, Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 13, Why do we fall ill, Science, Class 9
HEALTH
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE BETTER HEALTH
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY A DISEASE?
DISEASE - FREE DIFFERENT FROM BEING HEALTHY?
HOW CAN WE STAY DISEASE FREE?
HOW CAN WE IDENTIFY A DISEASE?
ACUTE DISEASES AND CHRONIC DISEASES
FACTORS CAUSES DISEASES?
CAUSES OF DISEASE
INFECTIOUS AND NON-INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF DISEASE
INFECTIOUS AGENTS
SEVERAL TYPES OF DISEASES
INFLAMMATION
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT
ANTIBIOTICS AREN’T EFFECTIVE AGAINST VIRUSES?
PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION
WHAT IS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM?
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
This is an Embedded version of the presentation. This Presentation is Updated with some new graphics and interiors,it will help everyone to understand the lesson "Why do we fall ill".
Chapter - 13, Why do we fall ill, Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 13, Why do we fall ill, Science, Class 9
HEALTH
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE BETTER HEALTH
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY A DISEASE?
DISEASE - FREE DIFFERENT FROM BEING HEALTHY?
HOW CAN WE STAY DISEASE FREE?
HOW CAN WE IDENTIFY A DISEASE?
ACUTE DISEASES AND CHRONIC DISEASES
FACTORS CAUSES DISEASES?
CAUSES OF DISEASE
INFECTIOUS AND NON-INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF DISEASE
INFECTIOUS AGENTS
SEVERAL TYPES OF DISEASES
INFLAMMATION
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT
ANTIBIOTICS AREN’T EFFECTIVE AGAINST VIRUSES?
PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION
WHAT IS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM?
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
There is an important distinction among the 3 terms, prevention, control, and eradication. Prevention is of most immediate concern to the individual veterinarian in private practice. Prevention can be defined as inhibiting the introduction of disease into an area, herd, or individual.
Control is a more appropriate term when disease is already present. Control efforts consist of the steps taken to reduce the problem to a tolerable level.
Eradication is the final step in disease control efforts; it consists of complete elimination of the disease-producing agent from a defined geographic region.
- http://www.onemedicine.tuskegee.edu/
Development over the centuries of Human Civilization concepts of disease causation remained transforming and still not reached the perfection.
Pre-modern era theories of Disease causation: Religions often attributed disease outbreaks or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind's sins.
and imbalance among four vital "humors“ within us. Hippocrates; Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm and Blood
Miasma Theory: 500 BC Miasmas are poisonous emanations from putrefying carcasses, vegetables, molds and also the invisible particles. This theory led to explanation of several outbreaks of cholera, plague and malaria (Mal-aria= bad air).
Fracastoro's contagion theory of disease (1546)
Germ theory: Louis Pasteur , Lister and others introduced the germ theory in 1878. In 1890 Robert Koch proposed specific criteria that should be met before concluding that a disease was caused by a particular bacterium. Only single germ is responsible for causation of a specific disease.
Webs of Causation: Epidemiological concept
Powerpoint Presentation of Why Do We Fall Ill? is a presentation about health, diseases, types of diseases, and list of 5 main diseases.
Hope you LOVE it!!!!!!!!!!!!
There is an important distinction among the 3 terms, prevention, control, and eradication. Prevention is of most immediate concern to the individual veterinarian in private practice. Prevention can be defined as inhibiting the introduction of disease into an area, herd, or individual.
Control is a more appropriate term when disease is already present. Control efforts consist of the steps taken to reduce the problem to a tolerable level.
Eradication is the final step in disease control efforts; it consists of complete elimination of the disease-producing agent from a defined geographic region.
- http://www.onemedicine.tuskegee.edu/
Development over the centuries of Human Civilization concepts of disease causation remained transforming and still not reached the perfection.
Pre-modern era theories of Disease causation: Religions often attributed disease outbreaks or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind's sins.
and imbalance among four vital "humors“ within us. Hippocrates; Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm and Blood
Miasma Theory: 500 BC Miasmas are poisonous emanations from putrefying carcasses, vegetables, molds and also the invisible particles. This theory led to explanation of several outbreaks of cholera, plague and malaria (Mal-aria= bad air).
Fracastoro's contagion theory of disease (1546)
Germ theory: Louis Pasteur , Lister and others introduced the germ theory in 1878. In 1890 Robert Koch proposed specific criteria that should be met before concluding that a disease was caused by a particular bacterium. Only single germ is responsible for causation of a specific disease.
Webs of Causation: Epidemiological concept
Powerpoint Presentation of Why Do We Fall Ill? is a presentation about health, diseases, types of diseases, and list of 5 main diseases.
Hope you LOVE it!!!!!!!!!!!!
Als Software-Architekten balancieren wir ständig auf dem Grat der Entscheidungen. Und nur allzu oft bewahrheitet sich, dass die Software-Architektur die Summe teurer Entscheidungen ist: Technische Schulden geißeln uns. An etlichen Stellen wird bereits der Ruf laut, dass der Begriff der technischen Schuld überholt ist – der von Anfang an falsch war. Die Suche nach einer neuen Metapher hat begonnen, wohin sie führt, wird sich zeigen.
Diese Keynote geht genau in die andere Richtung und zeigt, warum der Begriff der technischen Schuld genau ins Schwarze trifft. Es wird deutlich, dass eine Diskussion über die Zukunft von Software-Systemen mit Menschen, die keinen IT-Hintergrund haben, eine Brücke benötigt, die die Welten der Ökonomie und der IT zusammenführt. Abgerundet wird der Beitrag mit einer Methode zum Management technischer Schulden, die sich bereits in vielen agilen Projekten bewährt hat.
How to practice TDD without shooting yourself in the footDennis Doomen
It's 2016, so practices like Test Driven Development (TDD) have long found their way into organizations. However, the practices and principles to keep those unit tests maintainable haven't really changed. Still, I regularly talk to developers that somehow ended up with an incomprehensible unmaintainable set of unit tests that they once believed in, but are now holding them back. So in this session I like to provide a refresh of those fundamental ideas and talk about why you should practice TDD, revealing intentions, naming conventions, state versus interaction based testing, and how to stay out of the debugger hell with proper mocking and assertion frameworks. And even if you believe you are well versed in the testing realm, join me anyway. Maybe we can learn some tips & tricks from the audience as well. Looking forward to it!
A disease is a condition that impairs the proper function of the body or of one of its parts. Every living thing, both plants and animals, can succumb to disease. Hundreds of different diseases exist.
Each has its own particular set of symptoms and signs, clues that enable a physician to diagnose the problem.
Every disease has a cause, although the accuses of some remain to be discovered. Every disease also displays a cycle of onset, or beginning, course, or time span of affection, and end, when it disappears or it partially disables or kills its victim.
PowerPoint Presentation :-
Topic - 'WHY DO WE FALL ILL'
Made By - NehaRohtagi1
This PPT will help the students of class -9 to understand the significance of 'HEALTH' and types of diseases, their symptoms, treatment, prevention, vaccination, etc.
Prevention and levels of prevention of Community Medicine lecture .This lecture also has concepts of disease,surveillance, monitoring and iceberg phenonomenon of disease.
2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health NursingSANJAY SIR
it is uploaded to help medics, paramedics and nursing educators to teach their students about dynamic of disease. it also help to create awareness in general people about it.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
2. IndexIndex
Significance of HealthSignificance of Health
DiseasesDiseases
Causes of diseaseCauses of disease
Means of spreadMeans of spread
Principles of treatmentPrinciples of treatment
PreventionPrevention
3. Significance of HealthSignificance of Health
What does this word healthWhat does this word health
means?means?
We have heard the wordWe have heard the word
“HEALTH” used frequently all“HEALTH” used frequently all
around us.around us.
It implies the idea of beingIt implies the idea of being
WELL.WELL.
It is a state of being wellIt is a state of being well
4. Personal and CommunityPersonal and Community
issuesissues
The health of all organisms depend on theirThe health of all organisms depend on their
SURROUNDINGS or their ENVIRONMENT.SURROUNDINGS or their ENVIRONMENT.
The environment includes the physicalThe environment includes the physical
environment.environment.
For eg:health is at risk in a cyclone in manyFor eg:health is at risk in a cyclone in many
ways.ways.
Therefore public cleanliness is important forTherefore public cleanliness is important for
individual health.individual health.
5. DiseaseDisease
A disease is an illness that affects the body (aA disease is an illness that affects the body (a
single area or the whole system) and/or mindsingle area or the whole system) and/or mind
within a single organism (World Healthwithin a single organism (World Health
Organization).Organization).
Basically when a person is in a diseased state,Basically when a person is in a diseased state,
they are no longer classified by modern andthey are no longer classified by modern and
traditional medical diagnosis as “healthy”.traditional medical diagnosis as “healthy”.
Some examples of common diseases worldwideSome examples of common diseases worldwide
are: Influenza A virus, Asthma, HIV/AIDS, HPV,are: Influenza A virus, Asthma, HIV/AIDS, HPV,
Malaria, and Sickle Cell Anemia.Malaria, and Sickle Cell Anemia.
In addition, diseases are generally classified intoIn addition, diseases are generally classified into
three categories, which include: Genetic,three categories, which include: Genetic,
infectious, and non-infectious.infectious, and non-infectious.
6. Infectious diseasesInfectious diseases
AnAn infectious diseaseinfectious disease is a clinically evidentis a clinically evident
diseasedisease resulting from the presence ofresulting from the presence of
pathogenic microbialpathogenic microbial agents.agents.
It includesIt includes pathogenic virusespathogenic viruses, pathogenic, pathogenic
bacteria, fungi, protozoa and aberrant proteinsbacteria, fungi, protozoa and aberrant proteins
known as prions.known as prions.
These pathogens are able to cause disease inThese pathogens are able to cause disease in
animals and plants.animals and plants.
Infectious pathologies are usually qualified asInfectious pathologies are usually qualified as
contagious diseasescontagious diseases which is also calledwhich is also called
communicable diseasescommunicable diseases
Transmission of an infectious disease may occurTransmission of an infectious disease may occur
through one or more of diverse pathwaysthrough one or more of diverse pathways
including physical contact with infectedincluding physical contact with infected
individuals.individuals.
7. Non Infectious DiseasesNon Infectious Diseases
In contrast to infectious, non infectious
conditions are neither contagious nor
communicable.
They arise from inside the body as a result of
hereditary conditions or other causes, such as
dietary deficiencies.
The essay Disease classifies noninfectious
diseases as follows: hereditary or genetic
diseases.
For eg :glandular diseases, or conditions
involving a group of cells that filters material
from the blood (e.g., diabetes mellitus, also
included in the present essay)
8. Causes of DiseasesCauses of Diseases
The disease is caused from two sources:The disease is caused from two sources:
- From outside with food, air, water, medications, etc.- From outside with food, air, water, medications, etc.
-Produced in our-Produced in our
body as a result of its own life processes and lifebody as a result of its own life processes and life
processes of bacteria living in it.processes of bacteria living in it.
According to Chinese pathology, there are threeAccording to Chinese pathology, there are three
principal causes of the disharmony that brings aboutprincipal causes of the disharmony that brings about
disease: external factors, emotions, and irregularities indisease: external factors, emotions, and irregularities in
day-to-day living.day-to-day living.
9. Means of spread.Means of spread.
Disease can be spread through:Disease can be spread through:
AIRAIR
WATERWATER
SEXUAL ACTSEXUAL ACT
11. Through waterThrough water
This occurs if theThis occurs if the
excreta fromexcreta from
someone sufferingsomeone suffering
from an infectious gutfrom an infectious gut
disease get mixeddisease get mixed
with the drinkingwith the drinking
water used by peoplewater used by people
leaving nearby.leaving nearby.
For eg: cholera.For eg: cholera.
12. Through sexual Act
This occurs throughThis occurs through
physical contactphysical contact
between two people.between two people.
There are microbialThere are microbial
diseases that arediseases that are
transmitted by sexualtransmitted by sexual
contact from onecontact from one
partner to the other.partner to the other.
For eg:AIDS, syphilisFor eg:AIDS, syphilis..
13. Principles ofPrinciples of
TreatmentTreatment
The initial cause of the diseased state may lieThe initial cause of the diseased state may lie
within the individual organism itself.within the individual organism itself.
The disease is then said to be idiopathic, innate,The disease is then said to be idiopathic, innate,
primary, or “essential.”primary, or “essential.”
It may result from a course of medical treatment,It may result from a course of medical treatment,
either as an unavoidable side effect or becauseeither as an unavoidable side effect or because
the treatment itself was ill-advised; in either casethe treatment itself was ill-advised; in either case
the disease is classed as iatrogenicthe disease is classed as iatrogenic.
14. There are two ways to treat the diseases:There are two ways to treat the diseases:
-One would be to reduce the effects of the diseases.-One would be to reduce the effects of the diseases.
-Other can be to kill the cause of diseases.-Other can be to kill the cause of diseases.
For the first, we can provide treatment that willFor the first, we can provide treatment that will
reduce the symptoms.reduce the symptoms.
For ex:medicines bring down fever,reduce pain.For ex:medicines bring down fever,reduce pain.
For the later,use of medicines to kill microbes.For the later,use of medicines to kill microbes.
Microbes are bacteria, fungi,virus.Microbes are bacteria, fungi,virus.
15. Principle of PreventationPrinciple of Preventation
Disease prevention is the deferral or elimination ofDisease prevention is the deferral or elimination of
specific illnesses and conditions by one or morespecific illnesses and conditions by one or more
interventions of proven efficacy.interventions of proven efficacy.
It is useful to distinguish among three levels ofIt is useful to distinguish among three levels of
prevention—primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment.prevention—primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment.
Primary TreatmentPrimary Treatment
"Primary prevention" refers to the prevention of diseases"Primary prevention" refers to the prevention of diseases
before their biological onset.before their biological onset.
For example, pasteurizing milk essentially eliminatesFor example, pasteurizing milk essentially eliminates
bacterial pathogens that could cause illnesses, andbacterial pathogens that could cause illnesses, and
measles immunization prevents clinical illness before itmeasles immunization prevents clinical illness before it
can get started.can get started.
16. Secondary PreventionSecondary Prevention
Secondary prevention" refers to the preventionSecondary prevention" refers to the prevention
of clinical illness through the early andof clinical illness through the early and
asymptomatic detection and remediation ofasymptomatic detection and remediation of
certain diseases and conditions that, if leftcertain diseases and conditions that, if left
undetected, would likely become clinicallyundetected, would likely become clinically
apparent and harmful.apparent and harmful.
This is often referred to as "screening.“This is often referred to as "screening.“
There are many examples of secondary diseaseThere are many examples of secondary disease
prevention, including routine bacteriologicalprevention, including routine bacteriological
culturing for sexually transmitted organisms inculturing for sexually transmitted organisms in
asymptomatic persons; routine serologicalasymptomatic persons; routine serological
testing for preclinical infections such as syphilistesting for preclinical infections such as syphilis..
17. Tertiary PreventionTertiary Prevention
"Tertiary prevention" refers to the prevention of"Tertiary prevention" refers to the prevention of
disease progression and additional diseasedisease progression and additional disease
complications after overt clinical diseases arecomplications after overt clinical diseases are
manifested.manifested.
For ex:lowering a high blood cholesterol levelFor ex:lowering a high blood cholesterol level
after a heart attack can prevent the occurrence ofafter a heart attack can prevent the occurrence of
further heart attacks.further heart attacks.
18. MADE BYMADE BY
Rahul Kumar SarangiRahul Kumar Sarangi
Class-9Class-9
Roll no-20Roll no-20
Science ProjectScience Project
Kendriya Vidyalaya , KutraKendriya Vidyalaya , Kutra