MICROORGANISMS
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This document summarizes microorganisms and their characteristics. It discusses that microorganisms are tiny organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. They are classified into four major groups: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some algae. Viruses are also microscopic. The document provides examples of diseases caused by different microorganisms in humans, plants, and animals. It also discusses the useful roles of some microorganisms in food production and their role in decomposition.
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Microorganisms ppt
This document provides information about microorganisms. It begins by asking essential questions about harmful and beneficial microorganisms. It then defines microorganisms and provides examples of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It explains how some microorganisms can be harmful, causing infections or food poisoning, but also describes many beneficial roles, such as in food production, sewage treatment, recycling nutrients, and aiding digestion. It highlights the important role of algae and microorganisms in producing oxygen and as part of the ocean's food chain.
Micro organisms
Micro-organisms are microscopic organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye or sometimes even with a microscope. There are different types including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Fungi include yeasts and molds and are the largest microorganisms. Bacteria come in various shapes like rods, spheres, and spirals. They can cause disease but can also be killed by antibiotics or sterilization. Viruses are even smaller than bacteria and can only reproduce inside living cells. They cause illnesses like the flu but are not affected by antibiotics.
Microorganisms
Microorganisms can be classified into four major groups - bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some algae. They can be beneficial or harmful. Beneficial microorganisms are used to make foods like bread and curd, clean the environment, produce medicines and antibiotics, and increase soil fertility by fixing nitrogen. However, some microorganisms cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants. They can also spoil food. Viruses differ from other microorganisms in that they can only reproduce inside host cells.
Micro organisms
This document discusses micro-organisms and their classification. It describes that micro-organisms can be harmful or useful. Harmful microbes like bacteria and viruses can cause diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, and common cold in humans. Useful microbes like yeast are used to make bread and beer, while other bacteria and fungi improve soil fertility and break down dead organic matter. The document provides details on the characteristics, diseases caused, and symptoms of some common pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
Microorganisms PPt Presentation by Piyush Mohite
This is an overall but brief discussion about all Microorganisms. This is a readymade slideshow for projects.
Microorganism ppt
if u like this ppt plz like or comment on this or if u wnt any help plz contact me on gmail ishangoyal186@gmail.com
Microorganisms PPT CLASS 8
EASY FOR CHAPTER STUDY (MICRO ORGANISMS)
STANDARD-8
BY NANDINI CHADHA
PLEASE LIKE IF YOU FIND IT HELP FULL
Microbes
Microbes are tiny organisms that are too small to see without a microscope. They are found everywhere and come in different shapes. The four major groups of microbes are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. While some microbes cause disease, many are harmless or even beneficial to humans. Bacteria are single-celled microbes that can be round, rod-shaped, or spiral. Viruses are not cells and consist of genetic material surrounded by protein, and they cause disease by invading and taking over host cells. Fungi are primitive plants that include mushrooms and molds, and some fungi are useful in food production. Protozoa are single-celled animal-like microbes that usually cause disease
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Microorganisms ppt
This document provides information about microorganisms. It begins by asking essential questions about harmful and beneficial microorganisms. It then defines microorganisms and provides examples of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It explains how some microorganisms can be harmful, causing infections or food poisoning, but also describes many beneficial roles, such as in food production, sewage treatment, recycling nutrients, and aiding digestion. It highlights the important role of algae and microorganisms in producing oxygen and as part of the ocean's food chain.
Micro organisms
Micro-organisms are microscopic organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye or sometimes even with a microscope. There are different types including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Fungi include yeasts and molds and are the largest microorganisms. Bacteria come in various shapes like rods, spheres, and spirals. They can cause disease but can also be killed by antibiotics or sterilization. Viruses are even smaller than bacteria and can only reproduce inside living cells. They cause illnesses like the flu but are not affected by antibiotics.
Microorganisms
Microorganisms can be classified into four major groups - bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some algae. They can be beneficial or harmful. Beneficial microorganisms are used to make foods like bread and curd, clean the environment, produce medicines and antibiotics, and increase soil fertility by fixing nitrogen. However, some microorganisms cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants. They can also spoil food. Viruses differ from other microorganisms in that they can only reproduce inside host cells.
Micro organisms
This document discusses micro-organisms and their classification. It describes that micro-organisms can be harmful or useful. Harmful microbes like bacteria and viruses can cause diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, and common cold in humans. Useful microbes like yeast are used to make bread and beer, while other bacteria and fungi improve soil fertility and break down dead organic matter. The document provides details on the characteristics, diseases caused, and symptoms of some common pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
Microorganisms PPt Presentation by Piyush Mohite
This is an overall but brief discussion about all Microorganisms. This is a readymade slideshow for projects.
Microorganism ppt
if u like this ppt plz like or comment on this or if u wnt any help plz contact me on gmail ishangoyal186@gmail.com
Microorganisms PPT CLASS 8
EASY FOR CHAPTER STUDY (MICRO ORGANISMS)
STANDARD-8
BY NANDINI CHADHA
PLEASE LIKE IF YOU FIND IT HELP FULL
Microbes
Microbes are tiny organisms that are too small to see without a microscope. They are found everywhere and come in different shapes. The four major groups of microbes are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. While some microbes cause disease, many are harmless or even beneficial to humans. Bacteria are single-celled microbes that can be round, rod-shaped, or spiral. Viruses are not cells and consist of genetic material surrounded by protein, and they cause disease by invading and taking over host cells. Fungi are primitive plants that include mushrooms and molds, and some fungi are useful in food production. Protozoa are single-celled animal-like microbes that usually cause disease
Commercial use of microorganisms
This document defines microorganisms and classifies them into four major groups: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae. Bacteria are typically microscopic, single-celled prokaryotes that exist in nearly all Earth's habitats. Fungi include microorganisms such as yeasts and molds as well as mushrooms. Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes including the genus Leishmania. Algae range from unicellular forms like Chlorella to multicellular giant kelp. Microorganisms play both beneficial and harmful roles, and are commercially used to produce alcohol, vinegar, and antibiotics.
Useful microbes presentation
There are billions of microbes that have not been discovered yet. Many microbes are necessary for human survival or are beneficial. Microbes can be used for industrial purposes. In nature, microbes help plants grow through interactions in soil and some produce oxygen. Microbes are essential for decomposition which recycles nutrients. In food, microbes are used to make yogurt, cheese, bread, and alcohol through fermentation. Important microbes in medicine include penicillin-producing fungi and microbes used in vaccines. Probiotics are live microbes that benefit human health by interacting with pathogens, reinforcing barriers, competing for resources, and strengthening the immune system.
Microorganisms Freind And Foe
There are four main types of microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Microorganisms can be beneficial or harmful. They are beneficial in food production like cheese and wine, producing medicines like antibiotics, and increasing soil fertility. However, some microorganisms cause diseases in humans and can be transmitted through carriers like mosquitoes. Food is also spoiled by microorganisms and can be preserved through methods like heating, cooling, drying, salting, sugaring, and packaging.
1.3 useful microorganism
Microorganisms play an important role in decaying dead organisms and enriching the soil. They break down complex compounds into simpler ones that plants can use. Herbivores rely on bacteria in their stomach to digest cellulose from plants. Certain bacteria also live in human intestines and help with digestion while destroying harmful microbes. Some microbes like Penicillium molds produce important antibiotics that can treat diseases. Genetically engineered bacteria can produce vaccines and insulin. Microbes are crucial in agriculture by releasing nitrogen that plants need and in various industries through fermentation processes.
Useful and harmful microbes - Part I
This document discusses useful and harmful microbes. It begins with an introduction to microbes, noting that they are tiny living things that can be seen only under a microscope. Microbes can be useful or harmful. Certain microbes cause infections and diseases and can spoil food, while others play an important role in maintaining environmental balance. The document then discusses the different types of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists. It provides some key details about each type, such as bacteria being unicellular and reproducing through binary fission, fungi including mushrooms and molds, and viruses being the smallest but still able to multiply within host cells.
Microorganisms (3) (2)
Microorganisms are tiny organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. They can live in various environments ranging from ice cold climates to hot springs. Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some algae. Viruses are also considered microbes though they can only reproduce inside host cells. Some microorganisms are useful for producing medicines and alcohol, while others decompose organic waste and help clean the environment. However, some microorganisms can also cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
Micro Organisms
Micro-organisms are tiny living things that can only be seen with a microscope. They include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Bacteria are single-celled microbes that come in different shapes and sizes, and can cause both disease and cure infections. Viruses are even smaller and rely on host cells to reproduce. Fungi feed on dead and living organic matter and include mushrooms and yeasts. Micro-organisms play important roles like decomposing waste, recycling nutrients, and aiding in food production.
Microorganisms
This document discusses microorganisms and their characteristics. It defines microorganisms as living organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. It classifies common diseases caused by different microorganisms and describes how microorganisms can be beneficial, for example in food production, or harmful as pathogens that cause illness in humans, animals and plants. It also explains how diseases are transmitted and the role of antibodies in the human immune response.
Microorganisms
This document discusses microorganisms and their role in health and illness. It describes how microorganisms can cause infectious diseases through bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Examples are given of harmful diseases caused by cholera bacteria, typhoid fever bacteria, tuberculosis bacteria, and ringworm fungi. The document also notes that the human body contains many beneficial microorganisms as part of its normal microbiome in places like the skin, nose, stomach, and intestines that protect against harmful microorganisms and support health. Beneficial fungi like Penicillium are also mentioned.
The big world of microorganisms
This document provides an overview of microorganisms by discussing what they are, where they are found, their different types, and their roles in both helping and harming humans. It describes microorganisms as tiny organisms that can only be seen with a microscope and exist as single-celled or multi-celled entities. They are found everywhere in environments like water, soil, and air. The main types discussed are bacteria, algae, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. The document also outlines how microorganisms play important roles in decomposition, food production, and the nitrogen cycle in nature, but can also cause food spoilage and diseases when acting as pathogens.
Micro-oganisms
This document provides an overview of different types of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast, algae, protozoa. It discusses how some microorganisms can cause diseases like athlete's foot, tuberculosis, and chickenpox, but others can be useful in food production, cleaning waste, and creating antibiotics. It also profiles Alexander Fleming, the scientist who discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, in 1928 and received the Nobel Prize for his work.
Microorganisms
This document discusses microorganisms and their roles as both friends and foes. It describes that microorganisms can be unicellular or multicellular, and exist in diverse environments including inside human and animal bodies. There are four main types - bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. While some microorganisms are beneficial in activities like making bread, alcohol, medicines, and increasing soil fertility, others are harmful causing diseases in humans, plants and animals as well as food poisoning. Microorganisms also have roles in sewage treatment and human gut health.
Micro organisms
Microorganisms are microscopic organisms that include bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, algae, and some animals. They play important roles in environments and processes like decomposition, nutrient cycling, and carbon cycling. There are four main types of microorganisms: bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and viruses. Bacteria are prokaryotic microbes that have diverse shapes and live in many environments. Viruses can only replicate inside host cells and come in different shapes and sizes but are usually 100 times smaller than bacteria. Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotic organisms including some motile species. Microorganisms are also used in food production and have medical applications but some can cause diseases if
Microorganism And Disease
The document discusses germ theory and microorganisms that cause disease. It explains that diseases can be either infectious or non-infectious, with infectious diseases caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi. Key figures discussed include Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Robert Koch and his postulates for identifying microorganisms that cause specific diseases.
Composition Of Air
Nitrogen makes up 78% of air and is not used by most living things except some bacteria and plant roots. Oxygen makes up 21% of air and is essential for respiration in plants and animals. Carbon dioxide is used by plants in photosynthesis and is essential for making food and sugars while oxygen is produced.
Useful & Harmful microbes
Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi serve many useful purposes. Bacteria are used to make foods like cheese, yogurt, and bread through processes like fermentation. Fermentation of sugar by yeast produces alcohol, which is used to make beverages like beer and wine. Bacteria and fungi also produce antibiotics and vitamins. They help break down organic matter and sewage. However, some microorganisms cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants when they enter the body and infect tissues. Pathogens are transmitted through various carriers like flies, mosquitoes, cuts and wounds, or contaminated food or water.
Why do we fall ill
This document discusses various aspects of health and disease. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Maintaining good health requires a balanced diet, exercise, proper shelter, sleep and hygiene. Disease can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors and can be acute, chronic, congenital or acquired. Infectious diseases spread via air, water, food, vectors or contact and common examples are provided. Prevention focuses on avoiding exposure and immunization, while treatment aims to reduce symptoms and kill microbes. Vaccination helps strengthen immunity against specific diseases. The main pathogens that cause infectious disease are viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and worms.
Microorganisms:freinds and foe
Microorganisms are very small organisms that cannot be seen without magnification. There are four main types of microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Microorganisms can be beneficial by decomposing waste, fixing nitrogen in soil, and aiding in production of foods like cheese and bread, but some can also cause diseases in plants and humans or spoil materials.
Microorganisms Class 8
Topics Included:
• Microorganisms
→ Bacteria
→ Protozoa
→ Algae
→ Fungi
→ Viruses
• Friendly Microorganisms
→ Lactobacillus
→ Yeast
• Antibiotics
• Harmful Microorganisms
• Common Human Diseases
• Food Preservation
• Methods of Food Preservation
→ Using Preservatives
→ Using Salt and Sugar
→ Using Vinegars
→ Using Pasteurization
→ Air Tight Packaging
Medicinal use of Micro-organisms - Class 8
This document discusses the medicinal uses of microorganisms including antibiotics and vaccines. It provides examples of commonly used antibiotics such as streptomycin and tetracycline which are produced from fungi and bacteria. Antibiotics are used to treat diseases in humans and prevent infections in animals. Vaccines provide immunity to diseases caused by microbes like polio, cholera, tuberculosis and hepatitis. Mass production of vaccines like Covaxin and Covishield are given as examples to prevent diseases on a large scale. Historical figures like Alexander Fleming and Edward Jenner who discovered penicillin and the smallpox vaccine are also mentioned.
Food Microbiological principles FST 241
The document discusses different types of microorganisms that can be found on foods, including bacteria, molds, and yeasts. It describes their structures, modes of reproduction, and optimal temperature and moisture conditions for growth. Several pathogens that can cause foodborne illness are also identified. Food preservation aims to prevent spoilage and ensure safety by controlling factors like pH, water activity, temperature, and oxygen levels that influence microbial growth.
Microorganism our enemy
This document discusses microorganisms and disease. It states that some microorganisms are pathogens that can cause diseases in humans, plants, and animals. Pathogens enter the body through air, water, food, or direct contact and can be transmitted by infected people or carriers like insects and animals. Examples of diseases caused by pathogens include cholera, the common cold, chickenpox, tuberculosis, and malaria. The document also provides information on plant diseases caused by microorganisms and food poisoning caused by toxic microbes spoiling food.
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Commercial use of microorganisms
This document defines microorganisms and classifies them into four major groups: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae. Bacteria are typically microscopic, single-celled prokaryotes that exist in nearly all Earth's habitats. Fungi include microorganisms such as yeasts and molds as well as mushrooms. Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes including the genus Leishmania. Algae range from unicellular forms like Chlorella to multicellular giant kelp. Microorganisms play both beneficial and harmful roles, and are commercially used to produce alcohol, vinegar, and antibiotics.
Useful microbes presentation
There are billions of microbes that have not been discovered yet. Many microbes are necessary for human survival or are beneficial. Microbes can be used for industrial purposes. In nature, microbes help plants grow through interactions in soil and some produce oxygen. Microbes are essential for decomposition which recycles nutrients. In food, microbes are used to make yogurt, cheese, bread, and alcohol through fermentation. Important microbes in medicine include penicillin-producing fungi and microbes used in vaccines. Probiotics are live microbes that benefit human health by interacting with pathogens, reinforcing barriers, competing for resources, and strengthening the immune system.
Microorganisms Freind And Foe
There are four main types of microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Microorganisms can be beneficial or harmful. They are beneficial in food production like cheese and wine, producing medicines like antibiotics, and increasing soil fertility. However, some microorganisms cause diseases in humans and can be transmitted through carriers like mosquitoes. Food is also spoiled by microorganisms and can be preserved through methods like heating, cooling, drying, salting, sugaring, and packaging.
1.3 useful microorganism
Microorganisms play an important role in decaying dead organisms and enriching the soil. They break down complex compounds into simpler ones that plants can use. Herbivores rely on bacteria in their stomach to digest cellulose from plants. Certain bacteria also live in human intestines and help with digestion while destroying harmful microbes. Some microbes like Penicillium molds produce important antibiotics that can treat diseases. Genetically engineered bacteria can produce vaccines and insulin. Microbes are crucial in agriculture by releasing nitrogen that plants need and in various industries through fermentation processes.
Useful and harmful microbes - Part I
This document discusses useful and harmful microbes. It begins with an introduction to microbes, noting that they are tiny living things that can be seen only under a microscope. Microbes can be useful or harmful. Certain microbes cause infections and diseases and can spoil food, while others play an important role in maintaining environmental balance. The document then discusses the different types of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists. It provides some key details about each type, such as bacteria being unicellular and reproducing through binary fission, fungi including mushrooms and molds, and viruses being the smallest but still able to multiply within host cells.
Microorganisms (3) (2)
Microorganisms are tiny organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. They can live in various environments ranging from ice cold climates to hot springs. Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some algae. Viruses are also considered microbes though they can only reproduce inside host cells. Some microorganisms are useful for producing medicines and alcohol, while others decompose organic waste and help clean the environment. However, some microorganisms can also cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
Micro Organisms
Micro-organisms are tiny living things that can only be seen with a microscope. They include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Bacteria are single-celled microbes that come in different shapes and sizes, and can cause both disease and cure infections. Viruses are even smaller and rely on host cells to reproduce. Fungi feed on dead and living organic matter and include mushrooms and yeasts. Micro-organisms play important roles like decomposing waste, recycling nutrients, and aiding in food production.
Microorganisms
This document discusses microorganisms and their characteristics. It defines microorganisms as living organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. It classifies common diseases caused by different microorganisms and describes how microorganisms can be beneficial, for example in food production, or harmful as pathogens that cause illness in humans, animals and plants. It also explains how diseases are transmitted and the role of antibodies in the human immune response.
Microorganisms
This document discusses microorganisms and their role in health and illness. It describes how microorganisms can cause infectious diseases through bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Examples are given of harmful diseases caused by cholera bacteria, typhoid fever bacteria, tuberculosis bacteria, and ringworm fungi. The document also notes that the human body contains many beneficial microorganisms as part of its normal microbiome in places like the skin, nose, stomach, and intestines that protect against harmful microorganisms and support health. Beneficial fungi like Penicillium are also mentioned.
The big world of microorganisms
This document provides an overview of microorganisms by discussing what they are, where they are found, their different types, and their roles in both helping and harming humans. It describes microorganisms as tiny organisms that can only be seen with a microscope and exist as single-celled or multi-celled entities. They are found everywhere in environments like water, soil, and air. The main types discussed are bacteria, algae, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. The document also outlines how microorganisms play important roles in decomposition, food production, and the nitrogen cycle in nature, but can also cause food spoilage and diseases when acting as pathogens.
Micro-oganisms
This document provides an overview of different types of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast, algae, protozoa. It discusses how some microorganisms can cause diseases like athlete's foot, tuberculosis, and chickenpox, but others can be useful in food production, cleaning waste, and creating antibiotics. It also profiles Alexander Fleming, the scientist who discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, in 1928 and received the Nobel Prize for his work.
Microorganisms
This document discusses microorganisms and their roles as both friends and foes. It describes that microorganisms can be unicellular or multicellular, and exist in diverse environments including inside human and animal bodies. There are four main types - bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. While some microorganisms are beneficial in activities like making bread, alcohol, medicines, and increasing soil fertility, others are harmful causing diseases in humans, plants and animals as well as food poisoning. Microorganisms also have roles in sewage treatment and human gut health.
Micro organisms
Microorganisms are microscopic organisms that include bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, algae, and some animals. They play important roles in environments and processes like decomposition, nutrient cycling, and carbon cycling. There are four main types of microorganisms: bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and viruses. Bacteria are prokaryotic microbes that have diverse shapes and live in many environments. Viruses can only replicate inside host cells and come in different shapes and sizes but are usually 100 times smaller than bacteria. Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotic organisms including some motile species. Microorganisms are also used in food production and have medical applications but some can cause diseases if
Microorganism And Disease
The document discusses germ theory and microorganisms that cause disease. It explains that diseases can be either infectious or non-infectious, with infectious diseases caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi. Key figures discussed include Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Robert Koch and his postulates for identifying microorganisms that cause specific diseases.
Composition Of Air
Nitrogen makes up 78% of air and is not used by most living things except some bacteria and plant roots. Oxygen makes up 21% of air and is essential for respiration in plants and animals. Carbon dioxide is used by plants in photosynthesis and is essential for making food and sugars while oxygen is produced.
Useful & Harmful microbes
Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi serve many useful purposes. Bacteria are used to make foods like cheese, yogurt, and bread through processes like fermentation. Fermentation of sugar by yeast produces alcohol, which is used to make beverages like beer and wine. Bacteria and fungi also produce antibiotics and vitamins. They help break down organic matter and sewage. However, some microorganisms cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants when they enter the body and infect tissues. Pathogens are transmitted through various carriers like flies, mosquitoes, cuts and wounds, or contaminated food or water.
Why do we fall ill
This document discusses various aspects of health and disease. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Maintaining good health requires a balanced diet, exercise, proper shelter, sleep and hygiene. Disease can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors and can be acute, chronic, congenital or acquired. Infectious diseases spread via air, water, food, vectors or contact and common examples are provided. Prevention focuses on avoiding exposure and immunization, while treatment aims to reduce symptoms and kill microbes. Vaccination helps strengthen immunity against specific diseases. The main pathogens that cause infectious disease are viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and worms.
Microorganisms:freinds and foe
Microorganisms are very small organisms that cannot be seen without magnification. There are four main types of microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Microorganisms can be beneficial by decomposing waste, fixing nitrogen in soil, and aiding in production of foods like cheese and bread, but some can also cause diseases in plants and humans or spoil materials.
Microorganisms Class 8
Topics Included:
• Microorganisms
→ Bacteria
→ Protozoa
→ Algae
→ Fungi
→ Viruses
• Friendly Microorganisms
→ Lactobacillus
→ Yeast
• Antibiotics
• Harmful Microorganisms
• Common Human Diseases
• Food Preservation
• Methods of Food Preservation
→ Using Preservatives
→ Using Salt and Sugar
→ Using Vinegars
→ Using Pasteurization
→ Air Tight Packaging
Medicinal use of Micro-organisms - Class 8
This document discusses the medicinal uses of microorganisms including antibiotics and vaccines. It provides examples of commonly used antibiotics such as streptomycin and tetracycline which are produced from fungi and bacteria. Antibiotics are used to treat diseases in humans and prevent infections in animals. Vaccines provide immunity to diseases caused by microbes like polio, cholera, tuberculosis and hepatitis. Mass production of vaccines like Covaxin and Covishield are given as examples to prevent diseases on a large scale. Historical figures like Alexander Fleming and Edward Jenner who discovered penicillin and the smallpox vaccine are also mentioned.
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This document discusses microorganisms and disease. It states that some microorganisms are pathogens that can cause diseases in humans, plants, and animals. Pathogens enter the body through air, water, food, or direct contact and can be transmitted by infected people or carriers like insects and animals. Examples of diseases caused by pathogens include cholera, the common cold, chickenpox, tuberculosis, and malaria. The document also provides information on plant diseases caused by microorganisms and food poisoning caused by toxic microbes spoiling food.
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8 microorganisms - friend or foe
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MICROORGANISMS
- 2. THE ORGANISMS WHICH ARE SO SMALL THAT THEY CANNOT BE SEEN BY NAKED EYES AND CAN ONLY BE SEEN THROUGH A MICROSCOPE ARE CALLED MICROORGANISMS. THEY CAN SURVIVE UNDER ALL KINDS OF ENVIRONMENTRANGING FROM ICE COLD CLIMATE TO HOT SPRINGS AND DESERTS TO MARSHY LANDS.
- 3. MICROORGANISMS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR MAJOR GROUPS 1.BACTERIA 2.FUNGI 3.PROTOZOA 4.SOMEALGAE VIRUSES ARE ALSO MICROSCOPIC.
- 4. BACTERIA THEY ARE SO SMALL ,SINGLE CELLED MICROBES WHICH HAVE CELL WALLS BUT DO NOT HAVE A WELL ORGANISED NUCLEUS AND OTHER CELL ORGANELLS.DIESEASES LIKE CHOLERA, TUBERCULOSIS AND TYPHOID ARE CAUSED BY BACTERIA.CITRUS CANKER IS A BACTERIAL DISEASE THAT EFFECTS TREES OF CITRUS FRUITSAND IS SPREAD BY AIR.ANTHRAX IS A DANGEROUS HUMAN AND CATTLE DISEASE CAUSED BY BACTERIA. BACTERIAL SHAPES 1.SPHERICAL 2.ROD-LIKE 3.SPIRAL 4.THREAD-LIKE
- 5. USES OF BACTERIA BACTERIUM LACTOBACILLUS CONVERTS MILK INTO CURD. BACTERIA ARE USED IN THE MAKING OF CHEESE. SOME BACTERIA FIX ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN AND INCREASE SOIL FERTILITY. BACTERIA ARE USED IN THE PREPARATION OF MEDICINES LIKE ANTIBIOTICS AND VACCINES. BACTERIA ARE USED IN PRESERVATION OF PICKLE AND MANY OTHER FOOD ITEMS ACETOBACTOR ACETI IS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ACID FROM ALCOHOL . THEY ARE USED IN CLEANING UP OF THE ENVIRONMENT . FOR EXAMPLE , THE ORGANIC WASTES ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO HARMLESS AND USABLE SUBSTANCES BY BACTERIA.
- 6. FUNGI
- 7. FUNGI IT IS A LARGE GROUP OF ORGANISMS WHICH DO NOT HAVE CHLOROPHYLL AND DO NOT PHOTOSYNTHESIS,THUS ARE HETROTROPHS.THE MAY BE UNI-CELLULAR OR MULTI- CELLULAR.FOR EXAMPLE – YEAST,PENICILLIUMAND BREAD MOULD.DISEASES LIKE RINGWORM IS CAUSED BY FUNGI. RUST OF WHEAT IS A DISEASE CAUSED BY FUNGUS AND IS SPREAD BY AIR.
- 8. USES OF FUNGI YEAST IS USED FOR THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL AND WINE. YEAST IS ALSO USED IN BAKING INDUSTRIES FOR MAKING BREAD,PASTRIES AND CAKES. YEAST HELPS IN THE PROCESS OF FERMENTATION. THE PROCESS OF CONVERSION OF SUGAR INTO ALCOHOL BY YEAST IS CALLED FERMENTATION.
- 9. PROTOZOA
- 10. PROTOZOA IT IS A GROUP OF SINGLE-CELLED MICROORGANISMS WHICH ARE CLASSIFIED AS ANIMALS.DISEASES LIKE DYSENTERYAND MALARIA ARE CAUSED BY PROTOZOA.FOR EXAMPLE-AMOEBA AND PARAMECIUM.
- 11. ALGAE A GROUP OF PLANTS LIKE ORGANISMS WHICH IS MOSTLY AQUATIC.THEIR BODY IS NOT DIVIDED INTO ROOT,STEM AND LEAVES.
- 12. VIRUS
- 13. VIRUS VIRUSES ARE ALSO MICROSCOPIC.THEY,HOWEVER,REPRODUCE ONLY INSIDE THE CELLS OF THE HOST ORGANISM, WHICH MAY BE A BACTERIUM, PLANT OR ANIMAL. DISEASES LIKE COLD,COUGHS,INFLUENZA ,POLIO, CHICKEN POX, HEPATITIS –A, MEASLES ARE CAUSED BY VIRUSES. FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASES OF CATTLE ARE ALSO CAUSED BY VIRUSES. PLANT DISEASE THAT IS YELLOW VEIN MOSAIC OF BHINDI IS ALSO CAUSED BY VIRUSES.
- 14. MEDICINAL USE OF MICROORGANISMS
- 15. ANTIBIOTICS THE MEDICINES WHICH KILL OR STOP THE GROWTH OF THE DISEASE CAUSING MICROORGANISMS ARE CALLED ANTIBIOTICS.THE SOURCE OF THESE MEDICINES ARE MICROORGANISMS.EXAMPLE,STREPTOMYCIN,TETRACYCLINE AND ERYTHROMYCIN.
- 16. VACCINE THE SUBSTANCE WHICH IS INJECTED TO TRIGGERS THE BODY TO DEVELOP ITS OWN DEFENCE MECHANISM[BY PRODUCING ANTIBODIES] IS CALLED VACCINE.UNDER THE PULSE POLIO PROGRAMME , POLIO DROPS GIVEN TO CHILDREN ARE ACTUALLY A VACCINE.
- 17. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF MICROORGANISMS
- 18. HUMAN DISEASES TUBERCULOSIS TYPHOID CHICKEN POX POLIO CHOLERA HEPATITIS A MALARIA DYSENTERY ANTHRAX MEASLES COLD COUGH INFLUENZA RINGWORM CAUSATIVE MICROORGANISMS BACTERIA BACTERIA VIRUS VIRUS BACTERIA VIRUS PROTOZOA PROTOZOA BACTERIA VIRUS VIRUS VIRUS VIRUS FUNGI
- 19. MICROORGANISMS ARE HARMFUL IN MANY WAYS.SOME OF THE MICROORGANISMSCAUSE DISEASES IN HUMAN BEINGS , SOME IN PLANTS AND SOME IN ANIMAL.SUCH DISEASE-CAUSING MICROORGANISMS ARE CALLED PATHOGEN. MICROBIAL DISEASES THAT CAN SPREAD FROM AN INFECTED PERSON TO A HEALTHY PERSON THROUGH AIR,WATER OR PHYSICAL CONTACT ARE CALLED COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
- 20. PLANT DISEASES CITRUS CANKER RUST OF WHEAT YELLOW VEIN MOSAIC OF BHINDI [OKRA] MICROORGANISMS BACTERIA FUNGI VIRUS
- 21. Animal DISEASES ANTHRAX FOOT AND MOUTH MICROORGANISMS BACTERIA VIRUS
- 22. FOOD POISONING IT OCCURS DUE TO THE CONSUMPTION OF FOOD SPOILT BY SOME MICROORGANISMS. MICROORGANISMS THAT GROW ON OUR FOOD MAY PRODUCE TOXIC SUBSTANCES.THES SUBSTANCES MAKE THE FOOD POISONOUS CAUSING SERIOUS ILLNESS AND EVEN DEATH.
- 23. FOODPRESERVATION PREVENTION OF SPOILING OF FOOD FROM THE ACTION OF MICROORGANISMSIS CALLED FOOD PRESERVATION. THE METHODS OF FOOD PRESERVATION ARE 1.CHEMICAL METHOD 2.PRESERVATION BY SUGAR 3.PRESERVATION BY SALT 4.PRESERVATION BY OIL AND VENIGAR
- 24. THANK YOU