Tyres are crucial for port vehicle safety and efficiency but require specialized maintenance due to harsh conditions. The Port Equipment Manufacturers Association published a report on proper tyre selection and care. Specific port vehicles face risks like uneven terrain and heavy loads that standard tyres can't handle. The report recommends regularly checking and maintaining inflation levels, as under-inflation severely shortens tyre lifespan. It also suggests inspecting tyres for cuts, cracks and debris that could cause blowouts and accidents. Proper tyre upkeep saves costs from delays and damage compared to the minimal effort required.
Though it’s a big decision to buy the right tires for your vehicle, but it should not be a confusing one. Above slide shows you some guidelines to choose the most appropriate tire. Take a few minutes to see the different types of tires and a depth discussion on them. Here you’ll find guidance for tire selection process based on tire size, tire type and tire mixing. Let’s proceed.
A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc or rotor to create friction. This action slows the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or to hold it stationary. The energy of motion is converted into waste heat which must be dispersed. Disc brake system is widely used on front wheels in mid range two wheeler such as - commuter and sports bikes. The Disc brake system is used on the front wheels of most hatchback cars, entry level sedans and MUVs whereas, it is also widely used on both front and rear wheels of high end cars and SUVs in combination with hydraulic vacuum brake actuating systems. Vikrant Yadav | Pankaj Yadav "Overview of Disc Brake" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31530.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/31530/overview-of-disc-brake/vikrant-yadav
Though it’s a big decision to buy the right tires for your vehicle, but it should not be a confusing one. Above slide shows you some guidelines to choose the most appropriate tire. Take a few minutes to see the different types of tires and a depth discussion on them. Here you’ll find guidance for tire selection process based on tire size, tire type and tire mixing. Let’s proceed.
A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc or rotor to create friction. This action slows the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or to hold it stationary. The energy of motion is converted into waste heat which must be dispersed. Disc brake system is widely used on front wheels in mid range two wheeler such as - commuter and sports bikes. The Disc brake system is used on the front wheels of most hatchback cars, entry level sedans and MUVs whereas, it is also widely used on both front and rear wheels of high end cars and SUVs in combination with hydraulic vacuum brake actuating systems. Vikrant Yadav | Pankaj Yadav "Overview of Disc Brake" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31530.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/automotive-engineering/31530/overview-of-disc-brake/vikrant-yadav
We all know that many companies employ forklifts and that forklift operators do the main bulk of this kind of labor. These machines are powerful and there is always risk involved when they are used by people who have not been trained on operating them safely.
The National Traumatic Occupational Surveillance System registered 1530 worker deaths from forklift accidents between the years 1980 and 2001. Of these accidents, the biggest portion at 22%, most were caused by a forklift overturn.
Collisions between workers on the ground where the ground worker died accounted for 20% of deaths. Another 16% of deaths were caused by someone being crushed by the forklift and 9% by an operator falling from the forklift.
In fact, each year almost 100 people are killed and another 20,000 injured from forklift accidents. With proper training and diligent safety practices most of these deaths could have been prevented.
If you work around forklifts or are a forklift operator you should learn all you can about using these machines safely to prevent injury or death. All forklifts fall under the category of ‘powered industrial trucks,’ but they are not all the same. Forklifts can be either battery powered or run on gas or diesel fuel.
They also come in different sizes and have different functions according to the kind of work in which they will be used. Each type of lift is characterized by a class. Knowing which class of forklift you will work with should help you to understand its safety features and potential hazards.
We encourage you to ask your forklift drivers to take a look at these 10 easy-to-remember rules and to do their best to follow them at all times.
More forklift safety resources:
https://www.creativesafetysupply.com/articles/forklift-safetytips/
https://www.creativesafetysupply.com/infographics/forklift-accidents-causes-prevention/
https://www.creativesafetysupply.com/resources/forklift-safety
https://www.forkliftsafety101.com/
A mechanical seal is a sealing device which forms a running seal between rotating and stationary parts. They were developed to overcome the disadvantages of compression packing. Leakage can be reduced to a level meeting environmental standards of government regulating agencies and maintenance costs can be lower.
Effect of Tyre Overload and Inflation Pressure on Rolling Loss (resistance) a...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
We all know that many companies employ forklifts and that forklift operators do the main bulk of this kind of labor. These machines are powerful and there is always risk involved when they are used by people who have not been trained on operating them safely.
The National Traumatic Occupational Surveillance System registered 1530 worker deaths from forklift accidents between the years 1980 and 2001. Of these accidents, the biggest portion at 22%, most were caused by a forklift overturn.
Collisions between workers on the ground where the ground worker died accounted for 20% of deaths. Another 16% of deaths were caused by someone being crushed by the forklift and 9% by an operator falling from the forklift.
In fact, each year almost 100 people are killed and another 20,000 injured from forklift accidents. With proper training and diligent safety practices most of these deaths could have been prevented.
If you work around forklifts or are a forklift operator you should learn all you can about using these machines safely to prevent injury or death. All forklifts fall under the category of ‘powered industrial trucks,’ but they are not all the same. Forklifts can be either battery powered or run on gas or diesel fuel.
They also come in different sizes and have different functions according to the kind of work in which they will be used. Each type of lift is characterized by a class. Knowing which class of forklift you will work with should help you to understand its safety features and potential hazards.
We encourage you to ask your forklift drivers to take a look at these 10 easy-to-remember rules and to do their best to follow them at all times.
More forklift safety resources:
https://www.creativesafetysupply.com/articles/forklift-safetytips/
https://www.creativesafetysupply.com/infographics/forklift-accidents-causes-prevention/
https://www.creativesafetysupply.com/resources/forklift-safety
https://www.forkliftsafety101.com/
A mechanical seal is a sealing device which forms a running seal between rotating and stationary parts. They were developed to overcome the disadvantages of compression packing. Leakage can be reduced to a level meeting environmental standards of government regulating agencies and maintenance costs can be lower.
Effect of Tyre Overload and Inflation Pressure on Rolling Loss (resistance) a...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Runway resurfacing and repairing using modern materials andAglaia Connect
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Fe Analysis of Effect of Tyre Overload and Inflation Pressure on Rolling Loss...IJERA Editor
Rolling loss or rolling resistance is an ever important property for the tyre and automotive industries because of its
practical implication. Fuel consumption and tyre rolling loss in all types of automobiles have become increasingly
important because of adverse environmental effects (air pollution and global warming) and economic costs (high
petroleum price).
In this thesis, the effect of rolling resistance and overload on fuel consumption of automobile car tyres is discussed.
The investigations are made on two tyre models of automobile cars Skoda Rapid and Ford Classic. Theoretical
calculations are also done to determine the rolling resistance due to inflation pressure. The default weight is
considered for 5 persons and also the tyre overload is considered by taking 6 and 7 people’s weight.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered Quality
Why do they matter
1. 36 | Baltic Transport Journal | 4/2015
Tyre selection and maintenance in ports and terminals
Perhaps tyres are not the sexiest topic in the transport sector. Their importance is often omitted, which is
utmost surprising as they are the sole tangent point between vehicles and the surfaces they run on. This
means that the safety of both our privately wheeled voyages as well as port equipment bustle depends not
only on tyre quality but also on the way we treat them in daily operations.
T
yres’ gain in importance is a result
of containerisation, when standard-
isation became possible and more
efficient vehicles arrived on the
scene. Although during the first couple of
years it was the regular tyre which was used
in harbours, it soon became clear that due
to very specific factors (slow speed, rough
terrain, difficult weather conditions, heavy
loads, etc.) developments must be made.
New transport-specific tyres emerged, but
one issue remained – proper use and main-
tenance. That’s why the Port Equipment
Manufacturers Association (PEMA) quite
recently published a paper on tyre selection
and maintenance in ports and terminals.
Common and equipment-related
factors
Specific port working conditions make
freight handling equipment tyres suscep-
tible to damage to a far greater degree than
their regular counterparts will ever face on
public roads. For instance, even moving
off is sometimes a big challenge; vehicles
can lose stability which often results in tip-
ping over or problems when turning on the
spot. Port tyres are alike the normal ones
exposed to UV radiation for a longer time,
accelerating the ageing process. An uneven
surface is yet another risk factor, leading
to punctures or cuts.
Types and inflation
There are basically three types of
tyres. First, the well-known one single
metal reinforcement radial type, com-
monly used in passenger cars, light
vehicles, trucks, 4x4 vehicles. Although
its main advantages are comfort, lower
rolling resistance and better energy effi-
ciency, the radial tyre is not suitable for
many port vehicles. This is why in the
port industry cross-ply and solid tyres
are the most commonly used.
A cross-ply (bias) tyre is more durable
than the regular radial tyre, thanks to a 40
ply nylon carcass. This makes the side walls
stiffer which prevents against the ‘kiss-
ing effect’. But definitely the most reliable
and durable tyre is the solid (super-elastic)
type. It offers great stability, a long lifetime
and no puncture damage. Solid tyres are
regarded as not comfortable to use, but
their advantages, incl. also good damping
quality, compensate for the loss of comfort.
PEMA’s report on tyre selection and
maintenance also stresses out the impor-
tance of inflation level as essential in pre-
serving a good tyre condition. This has to
be checked regularly, since the majority
of tyre damage is either directly due to, or
aggrieved by incorrect inflation.
Interestingly, it is under-inflation
which causes greater damage. For instance,
a 60% correct level inflation lowers a tyre
service life expectancy by 40%, whereas
Why do they matter?
by Maciej Kniter
Tab. 1. Equipment types and key issues for tyre usage
Equipment type Key characteristics, risks and impact for tyre usage
Empty container handlers
• Pressure on the axles and tyres
• Manoeuvres with elevated loads – tyre stress
• ‘Kissing effect’ caused by sharp turns and high load
Heavy duty forklifts
• High combined weight of equipment and container – tyre pressure
• Elevation of laden containers up to 5 m – tyre pressure
Reachstackers
• Very high loads exerted on single axles – tyre pressure
• Lifting heavy loads at heights of up to 12 m – tyre pressure
Mobile harbour cranes
• Very high unladen equipment weight of up to 600 tn – extreme tyre
pressure during moves
• Equipment static for long periods – greater risk of exposure to UV
radiation, accelerating ageing of the rubber
• Crane movement often in a regular pattern along a straight line –
impact of uneven surfaces (rails, curbs) tends to be repetitively focused
on certain tyre areas
Rubber-tyred gantry cranes
• A crane can be required to turn on the spot under load and at a 90°
angle – tyre stress
• A crane does not move when its wheels are turned – tremendous
additional stress to the tyres
• Lack of movement can cause problems with UV exposure degrading
tyre rubber
• Constant loads on the same area of the tyres can lead to flat spots
Straddle carriers
• Speeds of up to 30 km/h while carrying laden containers at heights of
up to 25 m
• Hard braking can cause a ‘slip-stick’ effect where single tyres lose
surface contact – loss of vehicle stability and risk of tipping
• Selection of stiff tyre with good damping properties is crucial to
counter the ‘slip-stick’ effect
Terminal tractors
• Highest mileage of all handling equipment – high usage
• Regular stress from acceleration, braking and cornering
• Frequent travel over uneven and different surface types with potholes,
bumps and foreign objects – increases tyre wear and potential for failure
• In some climates, need for a good tyre grip on wet or slippery surfaces,
including ramps and nails
Automated guided vehicles
• Weight of batteries in electric units
• No human control – unmanned AGVs cannot avoid foreign objects
Source: PEMA
Specific port working conditions make
freight handling equipment tyres
susceptible to damage to a far greater
degree than their regular counterparts
will ever face on public roads.
Speed also affects tyres’ shape. Either too
high or too low speeds may result in a lack
of stability, causing sudden failures. The
same with heavy loads – they create a very
high bearing on the axle which is danger-
ous especially while manoeuvring, being the
main culprit behind the so-called ‘kissing
effect’ between dual tyres. Although these
are the most common threats for all tyre
types, specific vehicles have their own usage
risks (Tab. 1.).
2. Report
4/2015 | Baltic Transport Journal | 37
Report
or other foreign bodies stuck in a tyre. A
bead/rim flange should also be searched
for any deformities, chafing and damage.
In addition, the report advises to rotate
and rebalance tyres from time to time.
Alike in other businesses, time is
money in the maritime industry. Get-
ting a blowout can really ruin your day,
as freight handling equipment does not
earn a penny while it’s broken-down, not
to mention the cost of delay and repairs,
potential damage to the cargo, and in
a worst case scenario – a health & life
threat to the person behind the wheel.
All of these from a simple tyre failure!
Therefore, ‘check & maintain’ should be
the mantra of any port tyre-shoed fleet
manager. ‚
The Port Equipment Manufacturers Association (PEMA) unites equipment and technology suppliers with the chief aim to educate and promote
best practices in the maritime industry. Recently, the Association published the report Tyre Selection and Maintenance in Ports and Terminals: A
PEMA Information Paper, available on-line for public use on the www.pema.org website.
Tab. 2. Major causes of tyre damage
Item Key issues
Fitting and service
• Improper bead seating
• Bead damage
• Broken bead
Under inflation/overload
• Tyre damages
• Valve/valve caps
• Rim condition
Influences from suspension
• One-sided wear
• Wear on both shoulders
• Heel and toe wear
• Shock absorber defect
Wrong application
• Permanent overloading
• Trapped stones between twin tyres
• Cut damages
• Spot wear caused by locked wheel
(worn patch)
• Cuts caused by spinning, scuffed tread
• Excessive lateral forces
Foreign impact
• Impact break
• Cut
• Nail hole
• Hot braking drum
• Ageing
• Chemical influences
Source: PEMA
over-inflation by 20% shortens it by
approx. 15%. The inflation level affects
fuel efficiency, too. At 80% of optimum,
a vehicle will return only
75% of the ideal fuel effi-
ciency. Again, pumping
more air is not as bad as
under-inflation – 120%
pressure will give 90%
of ideal fuel efficiency.
On the other hand, over-
inflation can result in rim
deformation or tyre burst.
PEMA guides to
undergo a tyre pressure
check every two weeks,
once the vehicle has been
stopped and cooled down.
The so-called Tyre Pres-
sure Monitoring System
(TPMS) can also come
in handy as its sensors
audit the air-pressure
and temperature, provid-
ing instant feedback. Yet,
pressure control is not
the only thing to tick off; proper exami-
nation will comprise a search for any
deformities, cuts, cracks, trapped stones
Getting a blowout can really ruin your day,
as freight handling equipment does not
earn a penny while it’s broken-down, not
to mention the cost of delay and repairs,
potential damage to the cargo, and in the
worst case scenario – health & life threat
to the person behind the wheel.