The document provides an overview of the World Health Organization (WHO) and international non-governmental organizations (INGOs). It describes the history, goals, and structure of WHO, including its constitution in 1948, headquarters in Geneva, and roles in public health such as setting norms, standards, and policies. It also discusses the United Nations (UN) and its agencies like UNICEF, UNFPA, and UNHCR that support WHO's mission. Finally, it outlines some prominent INGOs focused on issues like HIV/AIDS, poverty, and maternal/child health, as well as the roles of national and community-based organizations.

1. WHO and INGO
BY
DR.RAKHSHINDA AMBREEN
LECTURER COMMUNITY MEDICINE, JMDC
MSPH TRAINEE

2. Objectives
By the end of the session students will be able to describe:
 History and Principles of WHO
 Role of WHO in public health
 Various UN agencies
 Various INGOs
 Role of NGOs and CBOs

4. HISTORY OF WHO
 When diplomats met to form the United Nations in 1945,
one of the things they discussed was setting up a global
health organization
 WHO’s Constitution came into force on 7 April 1948
 Now it has more than 7000 people working in 150
country offices, in 6 regional offices and at the
headquarters
Turkish doctor inoculates child against TB, 1970s

5. WHO: Bringing health to life
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSYaGCfPrxo

6. INTRODUCTION
 The World Health Organization is a specialized agency within the charter
of United Nations.
 WHO was established on 7th April 1948. Also remember this date as…
World Health Day
 The headquarters of WHO is located in…
Geneva.
 WHO serves as the directing and coordinating authority for International
health matters and public health.

9. Goal
 Build a better, healthier future for people all over the world
 Ensure the highest attainable level of health for all people.
In collaboration with governments and other partners combat diseases :-
 infectious diseases like influenza and HIV
 noncommunicable ones like cancer and heart disease.
 mother and child health survive
 safety of the air people breathe
 the food they eat
 the water they drink
 medicines
 vaccines

10. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF
WHO
STRUCTURE OF WHO
WHO HEALTH
ASSEMBLY
THE
BOARD
THE
SECRETARIAT

11. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF
WHO
1) The World Health Assembly
(Parliament) :
 The world health assembly is the supreme decision making body for
WHO.
 It generally meets in Geneva in May each year, and is attended by
delegations from all 193 member states.
 The health assembly appoints the Director-General.
 Supervises the financial policies of the organization and reviews and
approves the proposed program budget.

12. The Executive Board :
 The executive board is composed of 34 members technically qualified in
the field of health.
 Members are elected for 3 year terms.
 The main functions of the board are to give effect to the decisions and
policies of the health assembly, to advise it and generally to facilitate its
work

13. The Secretariat :
 The secretariat of WHO is staffed by some 8000 health and other experts
and support staff on fixed-term appointment, working at headquarters in
the 6 regional offices.

14. The role of WHO in Public Health
WHO fulfils its objectives through its core functions:
 Providing leadership on matters critical to health
 Engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed
 Shaping the research agenda
 Stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable
knowledge
 Setting norms and standards
 Promoting and monitoring their implementation
 Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options

15. The role of WHO in Public Health
 Providing technical support
 Catalyzing Change
 Building Sustainable Institutional Capacity
 Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends

16. What is INGO?
 Has the same mission as NGO; however, it is international and has
outputs around the world.
 Most INGO were created after WWII
 An INGO can be founded by a private philanthropy
 Each INGO have different purposes
ex: policy making, foster the community
http://www.coe.int/t/ngo/conference/Rules_of_Procedure_240113_en.asp

17. United Nations

19. What is it?
 An international organization created October 25 1945 by 51 countries
committed to ensure international peace and security.
 They also work together to eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy, stop
and prevent the expansion of environmental destruction, and securing
human basic rights.
 Five main members were China, Soviet Union, United States, United
Kingdom, and France
 Main headquarters are in New York City, but it also has main offices in
Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna.

20. UN’s Five Main Organs
 General Assembly (made up of the 193 nations that talk about the main
international issues )
 Security Council (smallest organ composed of only 15 members )
 Economic and Social Council (they are the ones that meet with the
World Bank and the IMF)
 Trusteeship (Ensures that the inhabitants of mandates of the League of
Nations were able to obtain peace and security )
 International Court of Justice main judicial organ of the UN which was
located in the Peace Palace in The Hague Netherlands
 Secretariat (in charge of doing the day to day job of the organization )

21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1xkXZs0cAQ

22. What is it?
 It stands for United Nations Children’s Fund
 Main purpose is to ensure that every children has their natural rights
 “They created it to works with others to overcome the obstacles of poverty,
violence, disease and discrimination ”
 They are active in 191 countries
 Ensure that girls receive primary education as a minimum
 Prevent the spread of AIDS
 Create protective environments for children
 Work to assure equality among both genders
http://www.unicef.org/about/who/index_introduction.html

23.  UNFPA is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every
pregnancy is wanted (family planning), every childbirth is safe and every
young person's potential is fulfilled.
 UNFPA expands the possibilities for women and young people to lead
healthy and productive lives.
 Since UNFPA started working in 1969, the number – and rate – of women
dying from complications of pregnancy or childbirth has been halved.
Families are smaller and healthier. Young people are more connected and
empowered than ever before.
 http://www.unfpa.org/about-us#sthash.T5RQQjjt.dpuf

24. UNHCR
(United Nations High Commission for Refugees )
The office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
was created in 1950, during the aftermath of the Second World War, to help
millions of Europeans who had fled or lost their homes.
What they do for the refugees:
 Advocacy
 cash based interventions
 education,
 provide asylum and mitigation
 shelter, protection, safe guarding individuals

25. Other UN organizations supporting
WHO
 UNICEF
 UNFPA
 UNDP
 UNODC
 UN-HABITAT
 UNDP
 UNDSS
 UNICEF
 UNWOMEN
 WFP
 FAO
 IFAD
 ILO
 IOM
• UNAIDS
• UNESO
• UNFPA
• UNHCR
• UNIC
• UNIDO
• UNMGIP
• UNOCHA
• UNODC
• UNOPS
• UNRC
• UNV

26. OTHER INGOs
 Melinda and Gates foundation----HIV, Malaria, mother and child health
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VdMqmVtnOM
 SOS Children's Villages
 MERCYCORPS-------alleviate suffering, poverty and oppression by
helping people build secure, productive and just communities.
 OXFAM--------alleviation of poverty
 MCHIP led by JHPIEGO-------mother and child health

27. NGO and CBOs
Provision of Services is the basic function
Important inputs to health like:
 Transforming public understanding and attitudes about health
 Community Mobilization
 Promoting healthy public choices
 Building more effective interactions between health services and clients
 Enhancing community control over and commitment to health interventions
Examples:
EDHI FOUNDATION, AMAN FOUNDATION,AGHA KHAN RURAL SUPPORT
PROGRAM,AL-KHIDMAT FOUNDATION,HANDS,HOPE.
MEMON FOUNDATION

28. Thank you!

29. References
 http://www.unicef.org/about/who/index_introduction.html
 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/22/nyregion/near-the-un-convening-
for-drinks.html?ref=unitednations&_r=0
 http://www.un.org/en/mainbodies/
 http://www.who.int/en/