The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations concerned with international public health. It was established in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, employing over 7,000 people across 150 country offices. The WHO is responsible for reports like the World Health Report and initiatives like World Health Day. The current Director-General is Tedros Adhanom, who previously served as Ethiopia's Health and Foreign Minister.

1. By- Anshu Shailesh.
Reg.No-(18-50-132)
M.B.A(2018-20)

2.  The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is
concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is
headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland with 7000 employee in 150 country offices.
 The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health
Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations.
 The WHO is responsible for the World Health Report, the worldwide World Health Survey,
and World Health Day. The current Director-General of the WHO, Tedros Adhanom, also
served as Ethiopian Health Minister from 2005 to 2012 and as Ethiopian Foreign Minister
from 2012 to 2016.

3. ORIGIN
 The International Sanitary Conferences, originally held on 23 June 1851, were the first
predecessors of the WHO. A series of 14 conferences that lasted from 1851 to 1938, the
International Sanitary Conferences worked to combat many diseases, chief among
them cholera, yellow fever, and the bubonic plague. The conferences were largely ineffective
until the seventh, in 1892; when an International Sanitary Convention that dealt with cholera
was passed. Five years later, a convention for the plague was signed.

4. ESTABLISHMENT
 Its constitution formally came into force on the first World Health Day on 7 April 1948, when
it was ratified by the 26th member state.The first meeting of the World Health
Assembly finished on 24 July 1948, having secured a budget of US$5 million for the 1949
year. Andrija Stampar was the Assembly's first president, and G. Brock Chisholm was
appointed Director-General of WHO, having served as Executive Secretary during the
planning stages.

5. MEMBERSHIP
 As of 2016, the WHO has 194 member states.
 A state becomes a full member of WHO by ratifying the treaty known as the Constitution of the
World Health Organization.
 As of 2013, it also had two associate members, Puerto Rico and Tokelau.
 Taiwan was invited under the name of "Chinese Taipei".
 WHO Member States appoint delegations to the World Health Assembly, WHO's supreme
decision-making body. All UN Member States are eligible for WHO membership, and,
according to the WHO website.

6. OBJECTIVES:
 To act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work;
 To promote technical cooperation;
 To assist Governments, upon request, in strengthening health services;
 To furnish appropriate technical assistance and, in emergencies, necessary aid, upon the
request or acceptance of Governments;
 To stimulate and advance work on the prevention and control of epidemic, endemic, and
other diseases;
 To promote, in cooperation with other specialized agencies where necessary, the
improvement of nutrition, housing, sanitation, recreation, economic or working conditions,
and other aspects of environmental hygiene;

7. Programmes and projects
 Accountability for Women’s and Children’s Health
 African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control
 Ageing and life-course
 Air pollution
 Cancer
 Cardiovascular disease
 Child growth standards
 Children's environmental health
 chosing Interventions that are Cost Effective (WHO-CHOICE)
 Chronic diseases and health promotion

8. Controversies
 West Nile Experiments
 A field experiment in the West Nile district allowed researchers to take blood from children 3
times a day, in order to allegedly study an local disease causing mononucleosis. It has been
alleged they were actually being infected with contaminated polio vaccines and
their antibodies were being studied. Around 45,000 were tested from 1960-1973.Ebola and
 HIV Experimentation
 It has been alleged that the WHO was aware of a Dr. Hilary Koprowski, a doctor allegedly
performing research on AIDS and Ebola by deceiving and infecting Africans with a
faux polio vaccine. It was estimated that over a million Africans were infected from 1954-
1957.However, his work having been the cause of any disease has been refuted.
 Intermittent preventive therapy.
 The aggressive support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for intermittent preventive
therapy of malaria triggered a memo from the former WHO malaria chief Akira Kochi.

10. Ethics
 The WHO Office of Compliance, Risk Management and Ethics
(CRE) promotes transparency and management of corporate-level risk, within the
framework of WHO’s ethical principles.
 To this end, CRE promotes the practice of the ethical principles derived from the
international civil service standards of conduct for all WHO staff and associated
personnel.
 CRE provides clear and action-oriented advice in a secure and confidential
environment where individuals can freely consult on ethical issues. The aim is to help
individuals in performing their duties professionally and fairly, and to manage their
personal affairs in a way that does not interfere with their official responsibilities.

11. Goodwill Ambassador
 Ambassadors are well-known personalities from the worlds of arts,
literature, entertainment, sport or other fields of public life who
commit to contribute to WHO's efforts to raise awareness of important
health problems and solutions.
 Footballer Alisson Becker, WHO Goodwill Ambassador for Health
Promotion
 Alisson Becker is the goalkeeper of the Brazil and Liverpool football
teams and an advocate for promoting physical activity, particularly of
children.
 Health promotion is central to efforts to promote healthy lives and
guide communities and countries to provide the systems and services
needed to ensure people can achieve the highest levels of health and
wellbeing.

12. W.H.O VIDEO

13. REFERENCES
1. WWW.Britannica.com
2. www.pressreader.com
3. www.who.int
4. www.independent.co.uk