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Presenting Spatial Data: Whats so spatial about spatial?
This document discusses spatial data and concepts related to geography, such as place names, locations, and events. It provides an overview of key terms like geocoding, geotagging, and geographic information systems. It also describes how to encode spatial information and temporality in the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) framework, including using the KML language to embed geographic data. The document recommends resources for learning more about topics like GIS, spatial standards, and tools for working with spatial data.
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Presenting Spatial Data: Whats so spatial about spatial?
- 1. Presenting Spatial Data What’sSo Spatial About it? Putting Yourself in My Place: Space, Place and Pattern ! 25 February 2014
- 2. No Lecture NextWeek 4 March Will see you on 11 March
- 3. Did Anyone Happento Try?: UnBuilding Grand Central Station
- 4. So … browsingthe gallery: ! "Visual Complexity"
- 5. Visual Complexity Good Examples?? InspiringIdeas?? ! Complexity? Patterns? Aethetics versus Clarity Can you visualise too much? What complications does the move into the visual realm introduce?
- 6. Minard x 2 Newis Cool …but old classics rule!
- 8. Minard - Wheatand Exports
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- 10. "Digitization makes themost traditional forms of humanistic scholarship more necessary, not less. But the differences mean that we need to reinvent, not reaffirm, the way we engage with the humanities."
- 11. Can We UnderstandPlace without Space ‣ Need a wee bit of background in Geospace ! ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ More than GIS Geovisualisation? Geoparsing? Georeference Geoparse Geotag ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ Geocode Geolocate GPS GIS Projection Geovisualisation
- 12. Georeferencing ‣ ‣ Identify a placein space Usually a minimum of Longitude, Latitude, Altitude
- 13. Geoparsing ‣ ‣ ‣ Identifying an entity asa place as opposed to another type within a body of text; To assign geographic identifiers to words and phrases in unstructured content Useful Services: Metacarta / Calais / CalaisFull
- 14. Geotagging ‣ Add geographical reference information tomedia such as photographs, video, websites, blog posting, etc.
- 15. Geocoding ‣ ‣ The process offinding geographic coordinates from address data Reverse Geocoding
- 16. Geolocating ‣ Assessing the locationof a real world object based on IPaddress, or mobile connection to the internet
- 17. Global Positioning Systems(GPSs) ‣ ‣ Series of US Defense Department Satellites in Orbit that allow for accurate positioning in three dimensions Additional services available from GLONAS (Russia) and emerging GALILEO (Europe) and COMPASS (China)
- 18. Geovisualisation ‣ The use ofgeographical representation to allow for analysis, decision-making and presentation
- 19. Geographic Information Systems(GIS) ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ GIS can display spatial data hidden in tables and databases Create detailed and intelligent maps Integrate data to reveal trends and relationships that bring new perspectives to previously held beliefs about people and places Research questions in the humanities often involve a spatial component that only GIS can expose
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- 21. Keyhole Markup Language(KML) ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ A language for the visualisation of geographic information Placemarks Ground Overlays Paths Polygons Styles Google Earth Can be embedded in TEI
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- 23. Geographic Markup Langauge(GML) ‣ ‣ Adopted by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Can be embedded in TEI
- 24. GML ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ Feature Geometry Coordinate Reference System Topology Time Dynamic featureCoverage Unit of measure Directions ‣ ‣ Observations Map presentation styling rules
- 25. Place and theTEI ‣ ‣ ‣ Guidelines found in 13.2.3 Place Names and 13.3.4 Places in P5 First concerns naming of place (duh!) and the second the locating of the place in space (a little more complex) Placename ‣ ‣ <placeName @type/> or <geogName @type/> Place ‣ <place><placeName @type><location><geo/></location></ placename></place>
- 26. Place Naming ‣ placeName containsan absolute or relative place name to a geo-political reference. ‣ ‣ <placeName/ @key> eg. ‣ <placeName key=”FO-01”> <settlement type=””town”>OFFOY </settlement> <country type=”nation”>France </country> </placeName>
- 27. Place Naming ‣ ‣ ‣ geogName containsan absolute or relative reference to a geographic feature. <geogName/ @key @type> eg. ‣ <geogName key=”R01” type=”River”> <name>Somme</name> <geogFeature>River</geogFeature> </geogName>
- 28. Locating a Place ‣ ‣ placecontains direct reference to the location of a place. eg. ‣ <place key=”offoy” type=”Town”> <placeName notBefore=”1450”>OFFOY</placeName> <location><geo> <kml:Placemark id=”OFF-01”> <kml:Point> <kml:coordinates>49.7634,3.0115 </kml:coordinates></kml:Point> </kml:Placemark></geo></location </place>
- 29. Complicating Considerations ‣ Specifying aCoordinate System (default:WGS84) ‣ ‣ Dealing with places with different names at different times ‣ ‣ ‣ <placeName notAfter="0056">Lugdunum</placeName> <placeName notBefore="1400">Lyon</placeName> Dealing with relative locations ‣ ‣ Otherwise use GeoDecl in TEI Header <offset> or <measure> Specifying a GML and KML within the TEI ‣ <geo><kml:Placemark/></geo>
- 30. Temporality and theTEI ‣ Referenced in 13.3.6 of P5 ! ‣ The TEI Date ‣ ‣ <date @type @when/> where YYYY-MM-DD <time @type @when/> where HH:MM:SS ! ‣ The TEI Event ‣ <event @key @when/><label/><description/><placeName/>
- 31. Encoding a Date ‣ ‣ datecontains reference to a date in any format. eg. <date when=”1918-01-06” type=”Occassion”> 6 January 1918 </date> ! ! ! ! ! ‣ ‣ dates can be relative: eg. <date when="--12-02"> <date>A week</date> <offset>before</offset> <date when="--12-09"> <date type="occasion">my birthday </date> on <date>9th December </date></date></date>
- 32. Encoding a Time ‣ ‣ Timecontains reference to a specific granular time of day. eg. <time when=”13:45:00” type=”twentyfourHour”> a quarter of two </time>
- 33. Complicating Considerations ‣ Don’t specifyaccuracy that doesn’t exist ‣ ‣ ‣ If a day missing from a date use “--” or extra seconds “00” Deal with other formats in transformation Dealing with relative time and date ‣ <offset>
- 34. Events Tie togetherPlace and Time ‣ ‣ ‣ event contains contains data relating to any kind of significant event associated with a person or place. <event/ @when @type> eg. <event type="battle" when="1918-03-21"> <label>German Spring Offensive</label> <placeName> <region>Northern France</region> </placeName> </event>
- 35. Keyhole Markup LanguageKML ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ As I mentioned earlier it’s a language for the visualisation of geographic information There’s many entities that we can define in KML, we will focus on places --> Placemarks Ground Overlays, Paths, Polygons, Styles All of which can be embedded in TEI
- 36. KML and PrecisePlace and Time ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ <placemark/> <name/> <description/> <point> <coordinates/> <timeStamp/> <timeSpan/> <when/> <begin/><end/> <Folder/> <Document/>
- 37. Places to Visit ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ Recipes:GIS Cookbook Reference for KML: KML Tutorial Standards: Open Geospatial Consortium News: Slashgeo Online Tutorial: MapSchool
- 38. How to UsePalladio
- 39. How to UseARCGIS Online
- 42. for Next Lecture(11 March): Presenting Complex Data Objects Please take a look at: ! How Collaboration Works and How it Can Fail DH Contribution to Topic Modeling
- 43.