What is waterfall model
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The Waterfall Model is a linear sequential software development process where each phase must be completed before the next phase begins. It is simple to understand and manage but inflexible. The Waterfall Model works best for small projects with well-defined and stable requirements where technology is understood and resources are available. It is not suitable for complex, long term, or uncertain projects where requirements may change.
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The document discusses the waterfall process model, including its history, definition, phases, advantages, disadvantages, and when it should be used. The waterfall model is a sequential software development process in which each phase must be completed before the next begins, with phases including requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It is simple to understand but not suitable for complex or long-term projects where requirements may change.
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PROTOTYPING
The document discusses prototyping in software development. Prototyping involves creating working replicas of a product to test with customers before final development. It is useful when requirements are unclear at the start of a project. The process involves gathering initial requirements, creating a quick design and prototype, getting customer feedback, refining the prototype based on feedback, and then implementing the final product. The main advantages are reducing risks from unclear requirements and allowing errors to be found earlier.
Prototypemodel in SDLC ppt
The prototype model involves building a working prototype of the system before full development based on user requirements. It allows users to evaluate early versions of the system and provide feedback to refine requirements. Key steps are gathering requirements, quick design of the prototype, building and refining the prototype based on user evaluations, then developing the full system based on the final prototype. Advantages include early user assessment, improved communication, and reduced risks. Disadvantages include potential delays if multiple prototypes are needed and loss of focus on full system quality.
Prototyping
Prototyping is a system development method(SDM) in which a prototype is built, tested and then reworked as necessary until an acceptable prototype is finally achieved, from which the complete system can be developed.
50500113 spiral-model
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The document discusses the waterfall process model, including its history, definition, phases, advantages, disadvantages, and when it should be used. The waterfall model is a sequential software development process in which each phase must be completed before the next begins, with phases including requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It is simple to understand but not suitable for complex or long-term projects where requirements may change.
Prototype Model
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PROTOTYPING
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- The goals of prototyping include exploring requirements, choosing between alternatives, and conducting empirical usability testing early in the design process.
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The prototyping model is a systems development method in which a prototype is built, tested and then reworked as necessary until an acceptable outcome is achieved from which the complete system or product can be developed.
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The Waterfall Model is a linear sequential software development process where each phase must be completed before the next can begin. It has six phases: requirements, analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. The advantages are that it is simple, easy to manage each phase, and works well for small projects with fixed requirements. The disadvantages are that it is inflexible, does not allow for overlapping phases, and changes later in the process are costly. The Waterfall Model is best for projects with stable requirements, clear specifications, and available expertise throughout the process.
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The document discusses the waterfall model of the software development life cycle (SDLC). The waterfall model is a linear and sequential approach where each phase must be completed before the next begins, with phases including requirements, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance. It is simple to understand but inflexible and not suitable for complex or long-term projects where requirements may change.
Waterfall model
The waterfall model is a linear sequential software development process where each phase must be completed before the next phase begins. It was the earliest software development life cycle model used. The phases include requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. While it is simple and easy to understand, it does not allow for overlap between phases or changes to requirements, making it unsuitable for complex or long-term projects with uncertain requirements.
Waterfallmodelppt final-140209060959-phpapp01
The document describes the waterfall model of software development. It begins by listing some common SDLC models: sequential, incremental, waterfall, V-model, spiral model, and RAD model. It then focuses on describing the waterfall model. Key points:
- The waterfall model is a linear sequential approach where each phase must be completed before the next begins.
- It provides structure for inexperienced teams but is only suitable for small, stable projects with well-defined requirements.
- The model has distinct phases for requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing, and deployment.
SDLC Model (Waterfall,Iterative Waterfall,Spiral)
Iterative model.
Spiral model
RAD(Rapid application development)
model.
Iterative model.
Spiral model
RAD(Rapid application development)
model.
A Water Fall Model is easy to flow.
It can be implemented for any size of project.
Every stage has to be done separately at the right time so you cannot jump stages.
Documentation is produced at every stage of a waterfall model allowing people to understand what has been done.
Testing is done at every stage.
This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development.
As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long.
Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client (who may be internal) reviewing the progress thus far.
Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project.
This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development.
As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long.
Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client (who may be internal) reviewing the progress thus far.
Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project.
This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development.
As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long.
Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client (who may be internal) reviewing the progress thus far.
Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project.
This approach carries less risk than a traditional Waterfall approach but is still far more risky and less efficient than a more Agile approaches.
In Iterative model, iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a small set of the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the complete system is implemented and ready to be deployed.
Iterative model.
Spiral model
RAD(Rapid application development)
model.
The first formal description of the waterfall model is often cited as a 1970 article by Winston W. Royce
Royce did not use the term "waterfall" in this article.
Royce presented this model as an example of a flawed, non-working model.
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What is v model
The V-model is a software development model where testing occurs in parallel with each phase of development. It involves first creating test plans based on requirements, then performing integration, component, and unit testing as the system is designed and coded from high to low level. The V-model is simple to use, allows defects to be found early, and works well for small projects with clear requirements. However, it is rigid and does not allow for early prototypes. It is best suited to small-medium projects where requirements are fixed and technical expertise is available.
What is rad model
The RAD (Rapid Application Development) model is an incremental model that develops components or functions in parallel like mini projects with time-boxed development periods. This allows customers to provide early feedback on working prototypes. The RAD model phases include business modeling, data modeling, process modeling, automated application generation, and testing. Advantages are reduced development time and increased reusability through early integration and customer feedback. Disadvantages include a dependence on strong individual skills and only being suitable for modularized systems. The RAD model should be used for modularized systems that can be created within 2-3 months when highly skilled designers and automated tools are available.
What is iterative model
The iterative model is a software development approach where requirements are defined and implemented in increments, with each increment building on the previous ones. In each iteration, a small part of the software is specified, developed, tested, and reviewed to identify additional requirements. This process is repeated until the full product is complete. The iterative model allows requirements to evolve over time through user feedback on early versions. It has advantages like early defect detection and user input, but risks costly late-stage changes from unclear initial requirements. The iterative approach is best for large projects where major requirements are defined but details can change.
What is incremental model
The incremental model divides a software project into smaller modules that each pass through requirements, design, implementation, and testing phases to produce working portions of the software early in the development cycle. Each subsequent release adds new functionality to the previous version until the full system is complete. This allows for working software to be developed in cycles and for customer feedback on each build. The incremental model has advantages like early delivery of working software, flexibility, and lower risk, but also has disadvantages like higher overall costs than the waterfall model and needing a clear definition of the overall system first. It is best used when requirements are well-defined, some details may change, early product delivery is important, new technologies are involved, or high-risk areas exist.
What is capability maturity model
The document discusses the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), which is used to assess the maturity of an organization's software development processes. It describes the five maturity levels from Initial to Optimizing. At each level, processes become more rigorously defined, measured, and controlled. Level 1 is chaotic with no standard processes, while Level 2 introduces basic management processes. Level 3 establishes standardized processes across projects, and Level 4 measures process quality quantitatively. Level 5 continuously improves processes using data to optimize productivity and quality.
What is agile model
The Agile development model is an incremental model where software is developed in rapid cycles with small incremental releases. Each release builds on previous functionality and is thoroughly tested. Agile emphasizes customer satisfaction through frequent delivery of useful software, as well as interactions between customers, developers and testers. It is well-suited for time-critical applications and when new changes are needed, as Agile allows for flexibility and minimal costs to implement changes. While documentation and planning may be less emphasized, Agile supports regular adaptation and welcomes late changes in requirements.
What are the software development life cycle
There are six main phases in the software development life cycle (SDLC):
1. Requirement gathering and analysis to determine user needs and specifications.
2. Design to develop the system architecture and design based on requirements.
3. Implementation/coding to divide work into modules and write code.
4. Testing to ensure the software meets requirements through unit, integration, and other testing.
5. Deployment to deliver the product to customers for beta testing and final release.
6. Maintenance to provide ongoing support and solve problems after customers begin use. Each phase produces deliverables and handoffs to guide the next phase.
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What is waterfall model
- 1. What is Waterfall model- advantages, disadvantages and when to use it? The Waterfall Model was first Process Model to be introduced. It is also referred to as a linear-sequential life cycle model. It is very simple to understand and use. In a waterfall model, each phase must be completed fully before the next phase can begin. This type of software development model is basically used for the for the project which is small and there are no uncertain requirements. At the end of each phase, a review takes place to determine if the project is on the right path and whether or not to continue or discard the project. In this model software testing starts only after the development is complete. In waterfall model phases do not overlap. Diagram of Waterfall-model: Advantages of waterfall model: This model is simple and easy to understand and use.
- 2. It is easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model – each phase has specific deliverables and a review process. In this model phases are processed and completed one at a time. Phases do not overlap. Waterfall model works well for smaller projects where requirements are very well understood. Disadvantages of waterfall model: Once an application is in the testing stage, it is very difficult to go back and change something that was not well-thought out in the concept stage. No working software is produced until late during the life cycle. High amounts of risk and uncertainty. Not a good model for complex and object-oriented projects. Poor model for long and ongoing projects. Not suitable for the projects where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of changing. When to use the waterfall model: This model is used only when the requirements are very well known, clear and fixed. Product definition is stable. Technology is understood. There are no ambiguous requirements Ample resources with required expertise are available freely The project is short. Very less customer interaction is involved during the development of the product. Once the product is ready then only it can be demoed to the end users. Once the product is developed and if any failure occurs then the cost of fixing such issues are very high, because we need to update everywhere from document till the logic.