The document defines culture as a people's total way of life that is learned and passed down between generations, influencing personality and behavior. It discusses various aspects of culture including social organization (family structures, social classes), customs and traditions, language, arts/literature, religion, governments, and economics. Culture is difficult to understand due to racism, ethnocentrism, and judging other cultures by one's own standards. Culture changes over time due to factors like technology, environment, new ideas, and cultural diffusion.

1. With your partner: Develop your own definition of “culture” Create a visual to go along with your definition What is “culture”? Music

2. What is “culture”?

3. CULTURE A people’s total way of life Everything an individual has learned and will pass on to future generations Influences personality and behavior

4. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION: Social Classes Way in which cultures rank people in terms of their importance. Social Mobility : Moving from one social class to another Money Land Education Ancestry Occupation BACK

5. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION: FAMILY NUCLEAR: Wife, husband, children Industrial societies EXTENDED: Grandparents, parents, aunts, uncles, children Agricultural societies BACK

6. Who Rules the Family? Matriarchal Patriarchal BACK

7. Customs and Traditions - Society’s rules of behavior Laws Social Pressure BACK Folkways – ordinary rules of behavior (dress, courtesy, etc. Mores – necessary for welfare of society Laws – regulate behavior; carry penalties if violated; based on norms

8. Language Positive: The cornerstone of culture Means of communication IDENTITY Negative: Creates a great deal of tension as countries attempt to develop a unified culture BACK

9. Arts & Literature Teach about a particular culture Used to pass along values Strengthen IDENTITY BACK

10. Religion Monotheism: Worship of one god Monism: Polytheism: Worship of more than one god Christianity Hinduism Judaism Islam BACK

11. Governments Person/People who hold power in a society Provide for the common need: Keep order Protect society from outside threats Society’s laws and political institutions

12. Types of Government Democracy – rule by the people; govt. must have consent of the governed Republic – people choose leaders to represent them Dictatorship – ruler or group holds absolute power sometimes – not always - by force Communist state - a state governed a single Communist party (believe in Marx/Lenin)

13. Types of Government Democracy Republic Communist Dictatorship North Korea Athens, Greece United States

14. Types of Government Democracy Republic Communist Dictatorship North Korea Athens, Greece United States

15. Types of Government Democracy Republic Communist Dictatorship North Korea Athens, Greece United States BACK

16. Economics – how people use limited (scarce) resources to satisfy their wants and needs Traditional – people produce most of what they need Market – buying/selling occurs to satisfy wants/needs (ie. Village market) Command – govt decides what is produced, how they are produced and the cost (many communist countries have this (ie. Soviet Union) Mixed – govt makes some economic decisions and individuals make others (ie. United States) BACK

17. UNDERSTANDING OTHER CULTURES Why is it so difficult?

18. RACISM The belief that one group or culture is superior to another.

19. ETHNOCENTRISM Judging other cultures by one’s own standards.

20. What does society need? Appreciation of CULTURAL DIVERSITY

21. WHY DOES CULTURE CHANGE? CAUSES: Technology Changing Environment New Ideas Cultural Diffusion – the movement of customs and ideas from one place to another

22. “ How can anyone govern a nation that has two hundred and forty-six different kinds of cheese?" — Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970), French general, president. Quoted in: Newsweek (New York, 1 Oct. 1962)

23. Social Organization CULTURE Economic Systems Government Customs/Traditions Religion Language Arts/Literature