For students of CAPE pursuing Sociology or Caribbean studies. This would provide relevant information pertinent to their understanding of Caribbean society and Culture.
For use by CAPE students pursuing the Sociology Program. This would give them a synopsis of social stratification and give them the launching pad to delve deeper into the topic.
-Definition Of Conflict Culture
*Conflict
An active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles.
as we know, the conflict come from anywhere, can in because their dissent and opposition, either from the family or from outside.
conflict can be distinguished based on the objectives of the problem, there is a political conflict, conflict economic and even cultural conflict, in the discussion today we will discuss about the conflict between cultural factors.
*Cultural Conflict
is a type of conflict that occurs when different cultural values and beliefs clash. It has been used to explain violence and crime.
Social Stratification: Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and SexChristina Sookdeo
Defining social stratification and discussing it's most common divisions such as race, class, gender, ethnicity, and sex. Also looks at the impact each has on education.
In reference to sociology, multiculturalism is the end-state of either a natural or artificial process and occurs on either a large national scale or on a smaller scale within a nation's communities
Introducing the basics of the Structurational theory whose author was Anthony Giddens. What's covered include; the key concepts, historical background, detailed breakdown, assumptions, strengths and weaknesses of the theory.
The rise of nationalismIntroduction The rise of nationa.docxkathleen23456789
The rise of nationalism
Introduction
The rise of nationalism poses a threat to globalization and the set of values that the international community has sought to develop in the past. The election of President Donald Trump and Brexit threatened the neoliberal agenda that has promoted free enterprise and globalization. Understanding the rise of nationalism provides an effective instrument for identifying effective intervention measures.
Research Question
· What has caused the resurgence of nationalism?
Research Hypothesis
· If the USA focuses on electing competent leaders, the resurgence of nationalism will be resolved Comment by angela parham: When the word “will” is used it is predicting the future, which we cannot predict. Please rephrase and email me your new hypothesis.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
The literature review aimed at developing a holistic understanding of nationalism and its resurgence in the modern society. As a result, past and present incidences of nationalism were examined in the research process. The findings of the study form the basis for understanding the psychology of the modern nationalist and the factors that cause it to be prevalent among different parts of the society.
Search Description
The search terms comprised of ‘nationalism’, ‘causes of nationalism’, ‘causes of Brexit’ and ‘Trumpism’. The search results produced leads that the researcher used to identify other literature material on the subject. The focused research played an important role in enabling the researcher to identify the literature that could be used in the study. In addition, the internet search involved ‘resurgence of nationalism’ and ‘nationalists’.
(
Cultural factors
)Theoretical Framework
(
Nationalism
) (
Patriotism
) (
Social-economic factors
)
(
Political factors
)
Fig. 1: Theoretical framework for the resurgence of nationalism
The theoretical framework demonstrates the impact that environmental factors have on the inherent patriotism of an individual. Each person has a close relationship with their nation that forms part of their identity. The cultural factors in the society may affect how people perceive others. Part of the opposition towards nationalism can be linked to cultural issues, which affect how the people perceive each other. In addition, social-economic factors may affect the sense of security that a person has about their future (Spencer & Wollman, 2005). Political actors may exploit social-economic and cultural factors to stir interest in nationalism. The resurgence of nationalism can be linked to the cultural and social-economic factors in the American society. Consequently, it is evident that the adoption of nationalism is a response to threats to the identity or survival of an individual. The push for nationalism is a reactive response to the fear and anxiety caused by the potential loss of the identity of a person (BBC, 2018).
Review of the literat.
For use by CAPE students pursuing the Sociology Program. This would give them a synopsis of social stratification and give them the launching pad to delve deeper into the topic.
-Definition Of Conflict Culture
*Conflict
An active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles.
as we know, the conflict come from anywhere, can in because their dissent and opposition, either from the family or from outside.
conflict can be distinguished based on the objectives of the problem, there is a political conflict, conflict economic and even cultural conflict, in the discussion today we will discuss about the conflict between cultural factors.
*Cultural Conflict
is a type of conflict that occurs when different cultural values and beliefs clash. It has been used to explain violence and crime.
Social Stratification: Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and SexChristina Sookdeo
Defining social stratification and discussing it's most common divisions such as race, class, gender, ethnicity, and sex. Also looks at the impact each has on education.
In reference to sociology, multiculturalism is the end-state of either a natural or artificial process and occurs on either a large national scale or on a smaller scale within a nation's communities
Introducing the basics of the Structurational theory whose author was Anthony Giddens. What's covered include; the key concepts, historical background, detailed breakdown, assumptions, strengths and weaknesses of the theory.
The rise of nationalismIntroduction The rise of nationa.docxkathleen23456789
The rise of nationalism
Introduction
The rise of nationalism poses a threat to globalization and the set of values that the international community has sought to develop in the past. The election of President Donald Trump and Brexit threatened the neoliberal agenda that has promoted free enterprise and globalization. Understanding the rise of nationalism provides an effective instrument for identifying effective intervention measures.
Research Question
· What has caused the resurgence of nationalism?
Research Hypothesis
· If the USA focuses on electing competent leaders, the resurgence of nationalism will be resolved Comment by angela parham: When the word “will” is used it is predicting the future, which we cannot predict. Please rephrase and email me your new hypothesis.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
The literature review aimed at developing a holistic understanding of nationalism and its resurgence in the modern society. As a result, past and present incidences of nationalism were examined in the research process. The findings of the study form the basis for understanding the psychology of the modern nationalist and the factors that cause it to be prevalent among different parts of the society.
Search Description
The search terms comprised of ‘nationalism’, ‘causes of nationalism’, ‘causes of Brexit’ and ‘Trumpism’. The search results produced leads that the researcher used to identify other literature material on the subject. The focused research played an important role in enabling the researcher to identify the literature that could be used in the study. In addition, the internet search involved ‘resurgence of nationalism’ and ‘nationalists’.
(
Cultural factors
)Theoretical Framework
(
Nationalism
) (
Patriotism
) (
Social-economic factors
)
(
Political factors
)
Fig. 1: Theoretical framework for the resurgence of nationalism
The theoretical framework demonstrates the impact that environmental factors have on the inherent patriotism of an individual. Each person has a close relationship with their nation that forms part of their identity. The cultural factors in the society may affect how people perceive others. Part of the opposition towards nationalism can be linked to cultural issues, which affect how the people perceive each other. In addition, social-economic factors may affect the sense of security that a person has about their future (Spencer & Wollman, 2005). Political actors may exploit social-economic and cultural factors to stir interest in nationalism. The resurgence of nationalism can be linked to the cultural and social-economic factors in the American society. Consequently, it is evident that the adoption of nationalism is a response to threats to the identity or survival of an individual. The push for nationalism is a reactive response to the fear and anxiety caused by the potential loss of the identity of a person (BBC, 2018).
Review of the literat.
C-SAP teaching resources: Teaching race and ethnicity mapping theoriesCSAPSubjectCentre
This resource was produced as part of C-SAP's project "Teaching Race and Ethnicity" http://www.teachingrace.bham.ac.uk/ by Dr Stephen Spencer from Sheffield Hallam University.
Rethinking Racism Toward a Structural InterpretationAuthor(.docxronak56
Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation
Author(s): Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Source: American Sociological Review, Vol. 62, No. 3 (Jun., 1997), pp. 465-480
Published by: American Sociological Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2657316 .
Accessed: 20/10/2014 16:31
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
.
American Sociological Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
American Sociological Review.
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded from 169.229.32.36 on Mon, 20 Oct 2014 16:31:21 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=asa
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2657316?origin=JSTOR-pdf
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
RETHINKING RACISM:
TOWARD A STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION *
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
The University of Michigan
The study of race and ethnic conflict historically has been hampered by in-
adequate and simplistic theories. I contend that the central problem of the
various approaches to the study of racial phenomena is their lack of a struc-
tural theory of racism. I review traditional approaches and alternative ap-
proaches to the study of racism, and discuss their limitations. Following the
leads suggested by some of the alternative frameworks, I advance a struc-
tural theory of racism based on the notion of racialized social systems.
"The habit of considering racism as a men-
tal quirk, as a psychological flaw, must be
abandoned."
-Frantz Fanon (1967:77)
he area of race and ethnic studies lacks a
_ sound theoretical apparatus. To compli-
cate matters, many analysts of racial matters
have abandoned the serious theorization and
reconceptualization of their central topic: rac-
ism. Too many social analysts researching
racism assume that the phenomenon is self-
evident, and therefore either do not provide a
definition or provide an elementary definition
(Schuman, Steeh, and Bobo 1985; Sniderman
and Piazza 1993). Nevertheless, whether im-
plicitly or explicitly, most analysts regard rac-
ism as a purely ideological phenomenon.
*
Direct correspondence to Eduardo Bonilla-
Silva, Department of Sociology, University of
Michigan, 3012 Literature, Science, and Arts
Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1382 ([email protected]
umich.edu). This research was supported in part
by the Rockefeller Foundation (1995-1996 Post-
doctoral Fellowship at W ...
Ethnic Conflict and Its Threats to Democracysdebrouwere
In the past two decades, ethnic and national conflicts have clearly re-emerged as one of the greatest, and potentially most dangerous, political problems in the international arena. A series of violent conflicts have erupted in Europe, Asia and Africa, claiming the lives of many thousands of victims, and injuring and displacing many more. In sight of this overwhelming evidence, academia finds itself obliged to ask why nationalism and ethnonationalism can prompt such violence, how they can wreck havoc and in what way these horror-scenarios can be adverted. This presentation considers the threats posed to democratic values by the existence of serious ethnic conflict within a single national territory, and investigates several structural solutions (including, but not limited to, partition, secession, integration, federalism and consociationalism). As such, it hopes to clear out which holds the best hope of success.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
2. Introduction
According to Burton Benedict (1962)
“when one talks about stratification, one is
talking about structure. When one talks
about plural societies, one is usually
talking about ethnic or cultural categories.”
3. The Concept of the Plural Society
The term
“plural society” which is
associated with the writings of J.S
Furnivall (1944, 1945, 1948) has gained
wide currency in the last few years. On the
one hand it has been hailed “as essential
for comparative sociology” (M.G Smith
1960, 763) and “ as fuel of crucial and
strategic importance for sociological
theory” (Rex 1959, 114).
4. On the other hand, it has been criticized
as “misleading because it concentrates
attention upon differences in race and
custom and upon group conflict while at
the same time directing attention away
from the process making for unity and
integration in the society” (R.T Smith
1958).
5. Neo-Pluralism
John F. Manley (1983).
When, in 1967, Dahl published the first
edition of his textbook, ‘Pluralist
Democracy in the United States,’ he
identified multiple centers of power and
limited popular sovereignty as the two
basic axioms of American pluralism. He
claimed, moreover, certain advantages for
such a system:
6. Power was tamed and coercion
minimized.
The consent of all citizens was promoted
(in the long run).
The system fostered the peaceful
settlement of conflicts to the mutual
benefit of most if not all the contending
parties.
Pluralism was thus offered as a theory of
power in America and as justification as
well.
7.
Pluralism has traditionally down played class,
but there is a related and equally important
difference between pluralism and class analysis.
These two theories have historically been caught
up in the battle between socialism and
capitalism that has raged since the midnineteenth century. Social scientist, however
much they may claim value-neutrality in their
work, can hardly deny the political implications of
a position that denies either the existence or
importance of social classes.
8. The Pluralist Theory of Equality
Historically, pluralism and class analysis have
clashed head-on over the issue of equality. Both
theories endorse equality and present
themselves as ways of attaining it, but this is
possible only because they have meant radically
different things by the term. Pluralist democracy,
furthermore, pits equality as a value against a
second great democratic value, liberty, and
tends to see the two as tradeoffs.
9.
Pluralism and class analysis remain split,
therefore, over the basic unit of analysis
for society. In pluralist theory, classes
have merely a nominal existence
compared to groups: in class analysis,
groups are seen and analyze as fractions
or sub-parts of classes.
10. Ethnic Boundaries and Identity in Plural
Society. Jimy M Sanders (2002).
Sanders (2002) gave particular attention
to studies that consider how interpersonal
networks within ethnic communities
influence the degree to which ethnic
identity is retained. He claimed that ethnic
boundaries are patterns of social
interaction that give rise to, and
subsequently reinforce, in-group’ self
11. identification and outsiders’ confirmation
of group distinctions. Ethnic boundaries
are therefore better understood as social
mediums through which association
transpires rather than as territorial
demarcations.
12.
Widely acknowledged racial differences can
sharpen in-group members’ self-identification
and out-group acknowledgement of intergroup
distinctions. Similarly, when interaction between
groups is limited and otherwise and otherwise
conditioned by territorial segregation, intergroup
differences gain emphasis. Constraints on
cross-group interaction contribute to the
respective group ignorances of one another.
This, in turn, encourages stereotyping. Race and
the segregating tendencies of territorial
concentrations are not necessarily components
13. of ethnic boundaries, but when one or
both of these elements of social
organization obtain, they can play
important roles in the maintenance of
ethnic boundaries.
14. Social Networks and Social Capital
Social networks and the social capital
derived from them are central to the study
of ethnicity in plural societies. The
importance of these social forces is
documented by studies of transnational
networks that encourage labour migration
(Palloni et al. 2001). These networks are
shaped by characteristics of the
immigration stream and by structural
conditions in the host society
15. (Grieco 1998, Massey and Espinosa
1997). Adaptative social networks that
emerge in the host societies exert strong
influences on the labour-market
experiences of adults and on parental and
community efforts to facilitate the success
of the next generation in the host society
(Waldinger 1996, Zhou And Bankston
1998).
16. The importance of the simultaneous
scholarly attraction to economic dualism
and to the social conditions that fuel the
retention of strong ethnic identities was
that it motivated scholars to explore how
the economic advancement of ethnic
groups might be generated in a context of
economic segmentation and ethnic
awareness. Just how profoundly this
emerging way of thinking about the role of
17. ethic boundaries and identity, in
conjunction with the wave of international
migrants, was to affect studies of ethnic
stratification is ironically conveyed in an
early article by Alejandro Portes. After
studying 48 Cuba refugee families in
Milwaukee, Portes (1969, 516) concluded:
“Longer periods of residence in the United
States will inevitably weaken old cultural
and psychological attachment and offer
broader opportunities for socio-economic
progress for the majority of refugees in
18. new environment….Unless there is a
major political change, (an overthrow of
the Castro regime) the fate of those
migrating to the United Sates as a result of
the Cuban Revolution seems to be an
eventual assimilation, and hence
disappearance as a social entity…leaving
behind, perhaps some cultural imprints on
Miami and a few others U.S cities.
19. Focusing on the role of ethnic networks in
generating economic opportunities, Portes
and Bach (1980) and Wilson and Portes
(1980) reported on an emerging Cuban
enclave economy where businesses were
becoming vertically and horizontally
integrated. A sense of ethnic solidarity
was growing, and social boundaries
fostered group identity. But the picture of
the economic advantages of participating
20. in the enclave was initially unclear. Portes
and Bach reported that working with fellow
Cuban refugees or other minorities
negatively affected earnings, while
working under a Cuban boss had no effect
of earni9ngs. By contrast, Wilson and
Portes reported that participation in the
enclave gave rise to advantages in
occupational prestige, and occupational
prestige associated positively with
earnings.
21. Therefore, participating in the enclave,
was argued to increase earnings
indirectly. The importance of this latter
finding was that it countered the ecological
hypothesis of assimilation theory, which
contends that continued spatial
segregation in terms of the labour market,
residential patterns, and such limits the
upward mobility of ethnic groups.
22. Self identity may be fluid, but the extent to
which ethnic identity is optional varies by
race. Waters (1994) finds that darkskinned West Indian children have
severely limited options with regard to
ethnic identity. This obtains despite the
efforts of many West Indians to resist
being identified as African American
(Waters 1999, Vickerman 1999) and to
maintain distinct residential enclaves
(Crowder 1999).
23. Similarly , middle-class and affluent
second-generation Asian Indians with dark
skin find it difficult to avoid racial
marginality despite efforts to convey
alternative identities (Rajagopal 2000).
This lack of options contrasts sharply with
lighter-skinned groups, particularly biracial
children who have one Asian parent (Xie
and Gotette 1997)
Not only may middle-class standing fail to
24. Deflect racial labelling, children experiencing
the marginality of straddling two or more
cultural contexts suffer emotionally, and
this fuel intergenerational conflict
(Rangaswamy 2000, Rambaut 1994, Zhou
and Bankston 1998).
25. Conclusion
The literature addressing ethnic
boundaries and identity in plural societies
focuses on social network and the social
networks and the social capital derived
from them. Social networks that provided
scarce resources to a wide spectrum of
the ethnic community are highly useful to
in-group members. To the extent valuable
resources are generated within the group,
26. relatively closed ethnic boundaries can
protect these resources by preserving
their use for in-group members. But when
ethnic networks appropriate resources,
such as access to jobs, from outside the
community, ethnic boundaries become
more porous because important spheres
of life, such as work, necessitate greater
involvement with outsiders.
27. The Utility of Pluralism
M.B Leon and W. Leon (1977).
One of the most persistent set of criticism
concerns Smith’s contention that the plural
society is a separate kind of society that
cannot be understood through social
stratification theory and can be analyzed
in no other terms than those Smith
proposes. Such critics as Rubin and
others have taken issue with the idea that
colonial societies, multicultural societies
28. Multiracial societies, plural societies, or
any other kind of society requires a unique
body of sociological theory. They argue
that social stratification applies to all
societies (or at least to all complex
societies) and is equally relevant with the
admittedly complex reality of pluralism.
29. Political Pluralism
Smith’s preoccupation with pluralism
as a
political phenomenon, along with his
conviction that the section that
monopolizes political control will not
readily relinquish it, apparently underlies
his lack of concern with such alternative
routes to modification as acculturation and
economic interdependence.
30. Conclusion
The pivot around which M.G Smith’s
writings seem to revolve is that plural
societies are first and foremost politically
different from non-plural societies. They
are maintained in politically different
ways, by means of implicit or explicit
threat of force or its use, and are therefore
characterized by potential or actual
internal conflict.
31. Short of the unlikely eventuality that the
politically dominant and privileged section
will agree to modify or abolish its own
privileged position, change may be
expected to result from violent pressure
exerted by less privileged groups.