1. Culture affects many aspects of business including consumption habits, management styles, and laws. Key cultural factors include religion, values, education, technology, and concepts of time and space. 2. Several models have been developed to analyze cultural differences, such as Hofstede's dimensions of power distance, individualism, and time orientation. Hall emphasized high- versus low-context cultures and monochronic versus polychronic time. 3. The political environment influences business through government stability, forms of government, nationalism, and political risk. Strategies can help minimize risks like joint ventures and planned domestications.

2. The Cultural Dynamics

7. Spain – tobacco – lung cancer

8. Origins elements and consequences of culture Origins Consequences Geography History Technology and political economy Social institutions Peers Elements of culture Consumption decisions and behaviors Management style

9. A Cultural Framework (Elements)

37. The Political Environment

44. Failed States Index 2010

48. The international legal environment